어머니의 모델링과 식사 지도가 유아의 식행동에 미치는 영향

심현미,한영신,이경아 한국영양학회 2022 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.55 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a mother's modeling and feeding practices on the eating behavior of the children. Methods: From April to June 2018, 1,036 young children aged 2 to 6 years and their mothers in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were examined for their eating behavior and feeding practices using a verified dietary behavior test (DBT). The children's dietary behavior was classified into four categories: “access evasiveness”, “sensory acuity”, “hyperactivity”, and “irregularity”. The mother's eating behavior was classified into three categories: “pickiness”, “negligence”, and “irregularity”, and feeding practice types were classified into two categories: “responsibility/monitoring”, and “restriction/pressure”. The differences between the groups were tested using the t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. The influence of feeding practices on the children's eating behavior was analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis while controlling for the mother’s modeling. Results: The problem rates of irregularity, negligence and pickiness in the mother's modeling were 33.7%, 22.8%, and 20.7%, respectively. An analysis of the mother's feeding practices revealed that responsibility/monitoring had a middle, high and low significance in 74.2%, 17.3%, and 8.5% of respondents, respectively and the risk rate of restriction/pressure when guiding children to eat was 15.3%. The problem rates for sensory acuity, access evasiveness, irregularity, and hyperactivity in children were 27.9%, 26.1%, 24.8%, and 22.0%, respectively. Among the four eating behavior characteristics of children, the child's access evasiveness and sensory acuity were more affected by their pickiness rather than the mother's feeding practices, and the child's hyperactivity was more influenced by feeding practices than the mother's eating behavior. The child's irregularity was similarly affected by the mother's eating behavior and feeding practices. Conclusion: Since the mother's eating behavior and feeding practices affect the children's eating behavior, a diet improvement program for children should consider not only the nutrition education of children but also the mother's eating behavior and provide the necessary intervention for feeding practices.

까다롭게 먹는 아기의 기질, 어머니의 식행동과 식사 지도 방법의 특성

김윤정,이윤나,변기원,최혜미,한영신,이상일,정상진 대한지역사회영양학회 2005 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.10 No.4

tHE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENTS, MATERNAL FEEDING BEHAVIORS AND FEEDING PRACTICES IN PICKY EATERS. PARTICIPANTS WERE 83 INFANTS (AGED 12 - 24 MONTHS) FROM “a” HOSPITAL (sEOUL)AND “b” PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER (KYUNGGIDO). mOTHERS COMPLETED QUESTIONNAIRES THAT ASSESSED THEIR OWN FEEDING BEHAVIOR,FEEDING PRACTICES, INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENT AND INFANTS’ FEEDING BEHAVIOR. PICKY EATERS’ DEMOGRAPHICS WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM NON-PICKY EATERS AFTER ADJUSTING SEX AND AGE. tHE AVERAGE OF THIAMIN, NIACIN AND VITAMIN e INTAKES OF PICKY EATERS WERE BELOW 75$ KOREAN rda, WHEREAS VITAMIN a INTAKES EXCEED 120$ rda IN BOTH GROUPS. aCTIVITY LEVEL OF INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENT AND DISINHIBITION OF MATERNAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN PICKY EATERS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THOSE IN NON-PICKY EATER. aLL CONSTRUCTS OF INFANTS FEEDING BEHAVIOR WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN CONSTRUCTS OF INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENT, MATERNAL FEEDING PRACTICE AND MATERNAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR. tHE PICKINESS OF INFANTS FEEDING BEHAVIOR WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH ACTIVITY LEVEL OF INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENT, PICKINESS AND DISINHIBITION OF MATERNAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH ADAPTABILITY OF INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENT. FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT MATERNAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND FEEDING PRACTICES AS WELL AS INFANTS’ TEMPERAMENT SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN NUTRITION EDUCATION FOR PICKY EATERS. (KOREAN J ¢OMMUNITY nUTRITION 10(4) : 462 ~ 470, 2005)

미성성숙 재래 흑염소에서 서열, 일주기 리듬 및 사료급여시간이행동에 미치는 영향

김흥수,임현태,송상현,정우철,장홍희 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2023 농업생명과학연구 Vol.57 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hierarchy and circadian rhythm on behaviors over a 24 hour period and theeffects of hierarchy and feeding time on behaviors for 30 and 60 minute intervals in 5-month-old Korean native black goats whichwere raised in an open-sided house with indoor and outdoor pens. The behavior of Korean native black goats used in this study wasrecorded in 1-minute increments with CCTVs and was classified into 10 groups. Hierarchy significantly affected agonistic behavior (p<0.05),but not other behaviors. Circadian rhythm significantly affected passive standing (p<0.05), moving (p<0.01), feeding (p<0.001), agonisticbehavior (p<0.001), non-agonistic behavior (p<0.001), foraging (p<0.05), drinking (p<0.001) and other aspects (p<0.001), but not resting(p>0.05) or self-grooming behavior (p>0.05). The hierarchy and circadian rhythm interaction effect significantly affected only agonisticbehavior (p<0.05). Hierarchy significantly affected passive standing (p<0.05) and feeding (p<0.05) for 30 minutes after feeding, butnot other behaviors. Feeding time significantly affected drinking (p<0.05) for 60 minutes after feeding, but not other aspects. The hierarchyand feeding time interaction effect did not affect all behaviors. In conclusion, hierarchy, circadian rhythm, and feeding time affect the behaviors of immature Korean native black goats. 본 연구는 실내-외 우리가 있는 개방형 흑염소사에서 우리나라 5개월령 재래 흑염소를 대상으로 서열과 일주기 리듬이 하루 24시간 동안의행동에 미치는 영향과 서열과 사료급여시간이 사료급여 후 30분 및 60분 동안의 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 재래 흑염소의행동은 CCTV를 사용해 녹화한 후 이들을 1분 단위로 측정하였고, 총 10개의 행동으로 분류하였다. 서열은 적대행동에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으나(p<0.05), 다른 행동에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 일주기 리듬은 응립(p<0.05), 이동(p<0.01), 사료섭취(p<0.001), 적대행동(p<0.001), 비적대행동(p<0.001), 사료탐색(p<0.05), 음수(p<0.001) 및 기타 행동(p<0.001)에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 반면 휴식(p>0.05)과 몸단장(p>0.05)에는 영향을미치지 않았다. 서열과 일주기 리듬의 상호작용효과는 적대행동에만 유의하게 영향을 미쳤다(p<0.05). 서열은 사료급여 후 30분 동안 응립(p<0.05)과사료섭취(p<0.05)에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤지만 다른 행동에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 사료급여시간은 사료급여 후 60분 동안의 음수(p<0.05)에유의하게 영향을 미쳤으나, 다른 행동에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 서열과 사료급여시간의 상호작용효과는 모든 행동에 유의하게 영향을 미치지않았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로, 서열, 일주기 리듬, 그리고 사료급여시간은 우리나라 5개월령 미성성숙한 재래 흑염소의 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로나타났다.

The Effects of Mothers’ Feeding Guidance on Young Children’s Eating Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Self-regulation

( Kim So-i ),( Ryu Mi-hyang ) 한국유아교육학회 2017 정기학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of self-regulation on mothers’ feeding guidance and young children’s eating behaviors. The subjects of this study were 283 children aged 3, 4, 5 years old and their mothers. As research instruments, the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ), Young Children’s Eating Behavior scale, and Self-Regulation scale were used. Correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. In order to verify the mediating effects of self-regulation, the three step analysis method of Baron and Kenny (1956) and Sobel test (1982) were conducted. The main results of this study are as follows. First, young children’s eating behavior have a negative association with mothers’ demandingness of feeding guidance behavior but a positive association with mothers’ reactions. Second, it was found that self-regulation was the most important predictor of young children’s eating behavior and it was the most influential factor. Third, the mediating effect of self-regulation on the causal relationship between mothers’ feeding guidance and young children’s eating behavior. In conclusion, self-regulation is the most influential factor of young children’s eating behavior, and mother’s feeding guidance may influence young children’s eating behavior through self-regulation. Therefore, in order to improve eating behaviors of children, it is necessary that the mothers use reactive behaviors more frequently than demading ones when guiding their children while eating.

모아별실 제도에서의 모유수유가 산모의 애착행위에 미치는 영향

정광희,장영숙 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1987 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.12 No.1

This study examined the effect of breast feeding on maternal attachment behavior in room-separation-nursery. The data for this study 'was collected from Aug. 24, 1986 to Oct. 4, 1986, from, 52 normal delivery mothers (control group) of roomingin and 55 normal delivery mothers (experimetal group) of room separation, the mothers visited nursery for breast feeding. The tool used to observe and compare this study is maternal attachment tool developed by Cropley and two others. The analysis of data was done by the usage of mean, S. D., X² test, and t-test. The result of this study was as follows. 1. There were no significant differences of maternal-infant attachment behavior between mothers who had contact with breast feeding at room-separation (experimental group), and those who had contact with rooming-in (control group). (t=0.34, P > 0.05) 2. Regarding identifying behaviors, experimental group showed more maternal attachment behaviors than control group (control group 3.678±1.098, experimental group 3.872= 1.516) but there were no significant difference between them. (t=- 0.78, P > 0.05). 3. Regarding modalities of interaction between mothers and infants, control group showed more maternal attachment behaviors than experimental group (control group 5.038±1.481,, experimental group 4.78±1.000), but there were no significant differences between them. (T=0.88, P >.0.05). 4. Regarding care-taking activities, control group showed more maternal attachment behaviors than experimental group(control group 10.846±2.270, experimental group 10.6723.000), but there were no significant difference between them. (t=1.12, P > 0.05) These result showed that maternal attachment behaviors increased with breast feeding, If mother have the opportunity of contact by breast feeding in room-separation, maternal attachment behavior will be increased.

만 3, 4세 유아의 식행동, 어머니의 식행동과 식사지도 수준 현황 및 관계

이은영,전유영,박선영 한국영유아교원교육학회 2017 유아교육학논집 Vol.21 No.6

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status and correlation of the levels of 3- and 4-year-old children’s eating behaviors and their mothers’ eating behaviors and feeding practices, and to examine children’s health condition and eating environment in relation to their eating behaviors. The subjects were 212 three- and four-year-old children’s mothers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The results were as follows: First, the level of eating behavior of young children was higher in order of goodness, attention, and risk. Specifically, there was a significant difference according to sex. Second, the level of mothers’ eating behaviors was in order of goodness, risk, and attention. Further, the level of mothers’ feeding practices was high in order of appropriate intervention, low intervention, and high intervention. Third, the level of health condition showed that children were eating enough food, and the ratio of girls is higher than that of boys in the case of unbalanced diet. Further, children have no problem with body growth, sleep habits, and bowel movements in general. According to the results of eating environments, about 45 percent of young children have a meal with their mothers. And the places where children eat showed in the order of the floor and a baby chair. Most children had a meal 3 times a day and they tend to spend 10-20 or 20-30 minutes for each meal. Fourth, there was a significantly positive correlation between the eating behaviors of the young children’s and the mothers’ eating behaviors. However, there was not a statistically significant correlation between eating behaviors of young children’s and mothers’ feeding practices, and between mothers’ eating behaviors and feeding practices. 본 연구의 목적은 만 3, 4세 유아의 식행동과 어머니의 식행동 및 식사지도 수준을 알아보고 이들 간의 관계를 살펴보는 데 있다. 이 때, 유아의 식행동에 밀접한 관련이 있는 이들의건강상태와 식사환경도 함께 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 서울ㆍ경기 지역 만 3, 4세 유아의어머니 212명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 유아의 식행동 수준은 양호, 주의, 위험 순으로 높게 나타났고 특히 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 어머니의 식행동은 양호, 위험, 주의 순으로 나타났으며 어머니의 식사지도 수준은 적절한 관여, 낮은 관여, 높은 관여 순으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 건강상태에서 음식섭취량을 살펴보면 가리지않고 대부분 충분히 잘 먹고 있으며 남아가 여아에 비해 음식을 가리지 않고 먹는 비율이 더높았다. 또한 신체성장, 수면, 배변에 문제가 없다는 응답이 높았다. 유아의 식사환경에 대해살펴보면 유아는 어머니와 식사하는 비율이 가장 높았으며 식사장소는 방바닥 밥상, 유아용의자 순으로 높았다. 식사횟수는 하루에 3회가 가장 많았으며 식사시간은 20-30분 또는10-20분이 소요된다는 응답이 많았다. 넷째, 유아의 식행동과 어머니의 식행동은 정적 상관이있으나 상관의 정도는 낮은 편이며, 유아의 식행동과 어머니의 식사지도, 어머니의 식행동과식사지도 간의 상관은 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았다.

A Role of Central NELL2 in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Rats

정진권,김재근,김한래,이태환,박정우,이병주 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.3

A brain-enriched secreting signal peptide, NELL2, has been suggested to play multiple roles in the development, survival, and activity of neurons in mammal. We investigated here a possible involvement of central NELL2 in regulating feeding behavior and metabolism. In situ hybridization and an immunohistochemical approach were used to determine expression of NELL2 as well as its colocalization with proopio-melanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat hypothalamus. To investigate the effect of NELL2 on feeding behavior, 2 nmole of antisense NELL2 oligodeoxynucleotide was administered into the lateral ventricle of adult male rat brains for 6 consecutive days, and changes in daily body weight, food, and water intake were monitored. Metabolic state-dependent NELL2 expression in the hypothalamus was tested in vivo using a fasting model. NELL2 was noticeably expressed in the hypothalamic nuclei controlling feeding behavior. Furthermore, all arcuatic POMC and NPY positive neurons produced NELL2. The NELL2 gene expression in the hypothalamus was up-regulated by fasting. However, NELL2 did not affect POMC and NPY gene expression in the hypothalamus. A blockade of NELL2 production in the hypothalamus led to a reduction in daily food intake, followed by a loss in body weight without a change in daily water intake in normal diet condition. NELL2 did not affect short-term hunger dependent appetite behavior. Our data suggests that hypothalamic NELL2 is associated with appetite behavior, and thus central NELL2 could be a new therapeutic target for obesity.

섭식과 영양장애 현상이 유아행동 발달에 미치는 영향

구대희 경북실업전문대학 1996 慶北實業專門大學論文集 Vol.15 No.1

Nutrient and behavior relations in childhood are important and interesting but relatively unstudied in Korea so far. The present study sought to contribute tp the understanding of the influences of feeding/eating disorders in relation to nutritional patterns on child behavioral development. Also, the relative contributions of nutritional problems to a variety of developmental outcomes in the early years were explored. The main focus of this study is nutritional problems that are associated with behaviors in infancy and childhood. With respect to health education, the research reviewed here consistently points to one conclusion, Prevention is likely to be more effective than therapeutic/educational interventions. Nutritional supplementation and environmental care may be sufficient for primary prevention of the behavioral problems associated with disadvantaged environmental conditions. However the intervention alone cannot completely reverse behavioral deficiencies once Undernutrition has occurred. In relation to the main focus of this study, major results are that 1) nutritional problems are often linked to environmental disadvantage, 2) the possibility exists for long-term developmental effects, 3) treatment for undernutrition does not appear reverse all negative effects, and 4) prevention of eating and nutritional disorders rather than treatment holds the greatest promise for eradicating behavioral and developmental problems. These result suggest that it is indeed how much, not how stable, a family's risk level is that has the greatest relation to developmental outcome. Our understanding of the effects of early nutritional insult may be furthered most meaningfully by studies that pay close attention to the interrelations among nutrient dificiencies and the timing of the disorder with respect to the child's behavioral-development.

A Role of Central NELL2 in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Rats

Jeong, Jin Kwon,Kim, Jae Geun,Kim, Han Rae,Lee, Tae Hwan,Park, Jeong Woo,Lee, Byung Ju Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.3

A brain-enriched secreting signal peptide, NELL2, has been suggested to play multiple roles in the development, survival, and activity of neurons in mammal. We investigated here a possible involvement of central NELL2 in regulating feeding behavior and metabolism. In situ hybridization and an immunohistochemical approach were used to determine expression of NELL2 as well as its colocalization with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat hypothalamus. To investigate the effect of NELL2 on feeding behavior, 2 nmole of antisense NELL2 oligodeoxynucleotide was administered into the lateral ventricle of adult male rat brains for 6 consecutive days, and changes in daily body weight, food, and water intake were monitored. Metabolic state-dependent NELL2 expression in the hypothalamus was tested in vivo using a fasting model. NELL2 was noticeably expressed in the hypothalamic nuclei controlling feeding behavior. Furthermore, all arcuatic POMC and NPY positive neurons produced NELL2. The NELL2 gene expression in the hypothalamus was up-regulated by fasting. However, NELL2 did not affect POMC and NPY gene expression in the hypothalamus. A blockade of NELL2 production in the hypothalamus led to a reduction in daily food intake, followed by a loss in body weight without a change in daily water intake in normal diet condition. NELL2 did not affect short-term hunger dependent appetite behavior. Our data suggests that hypothalamic NELL2 is associated with appetite behavior, and thus central NELL2 could be a new therapeutic target for obesity.

Behavioral analysis of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, reveals its feeding preference and attraction potential for brown alga, Sargassum horneri

Chae-Eun Yu,Yeo-Reum Kim,Gyeong-Eon Noh,Jong-Myoung Kim The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.5

The Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, is a highly valued and industrially important aquaculture species with growing demands of the expanding abalone aquaculture industry. To explore the feasibility of using the brown alga, Sargassum horneri, as a potential substitute for abalone feed, it is important to identify the feed preference and attractant effect of S. horneri on Pacific abalone. Our experiments indicated that the feeding-associated movement of abalone could be detected using a video tracking system under indirect illumination with dim red light. To further analyze the attraction potentials of various test materials, preference analysis was performed using Avicel-coated glass plates with ground powders of various seaweeds (e.g., S. horneri, Saccharina japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida) and commercial abalone feed, together with coffee waste. Heat map analysis indicated greater attraction by the kelp S. japonica than by S. horneri and commercial feed, which showed similar preference levels. Feeding preference based on the area of Avicel eaten by abalone showed a significant preference for U. pinnatifida over S. horneri (feeding area: 68.6 ± 20.1% vs. 37.5 ± 22.4%, p < 0.05). Additionally, the feeding area was significantly greater for plates with S. japonica than for plates with S. horneri (44.0 ± 16.6% vs. 22.6 ± 15.4%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feeding area between commercial feed and S. horneri (31.7 ± 11.6% vs. 31.6 ± 20.2%, p > 0.05). The methanol extracts attracted abalone in the following order: U. pinnatifida > S. horneri > S. japonica > commercial feed > coffee waste. To determine the attractive effects of the components of methanol extracts, mixtures of methanol extracts of commercial feed with increasing amounts of S. horneri were examined. The results showed a significant increase in feeding preference upon addition of S. horneri up to 50% and 75%, suggesting its potential for use as an appetite-enhancing feed additive. This study identified conditions that can be successfully used to monitor the movement of Pacific abalone; the results of preference analysis confirmed that abalone exhibited similar attraction and feeding preference for S. horneri, compared with commercial feed.