리포트 쓰기를 위한 시각 자료의 해석 단계 연구 -학문 목적 외국인 학습자를 대상으로-

형재연 ( Hyeong Jae Yeon ) 한성대학교 한성어문학회 2012 漢城語文學 Vol.31 No.-

This study was subjected to establish interpreting steps of visual aids for writing a report. It suggested plans that lead learners to interpret data and grasp structure of article through understanding and analyzing and inferring visual aids which supported their grounds for an argument. The interpreting steps of visual aids could be categorized as understanding, analyzing, inferring. First, in the step of understanding, learners would classify and identity the types of visual aids, and judge the appropriacy of visual aids, and understand the contents of visual aids, and then extract the core of visual aids. Second, in the step of analyzing, they would re-create evidentiary materials by connecting the schema of them and the core of visual aids. Third, in the step of inferring, they would cognize accurately situation under problems, and pass to seek relevant reasons and alternative plans, and finally approach to decision to have an idea what direction they are headed. As above, this study established interpreting steps of visual aids and sought plans of grasping structure of article. I hope that this study is to be a small light of further research, which help learners improve their capacities which support their grounds for an argument, in writing a report, in preparing an article which requires proficiency of higher thought.

시각장애학교 재학생들의 시각장애 등급별 및 실명시기별 문해매체와 시력보조구 활용 실태

박순희 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2011 시각장애연구 Vol.27 No.4

Legal definitions have been used to determine eligibility for special education and social welfare as people with visual impairments in South Korea. Educators in the field of blindness and visual impairment have concerned about the use of primary literacy media and optical aids related to degree of visual disability. Also, age at onset of visual impairment is likely to be a critical factor of deciding students' primary medium for writing and reading and the necessity of optical aids. This study was implemented to investigate the use of literacy media and optical aids of students with visual impairments by degree of visual disability or age at onset of vision loss. The participants were 154 students (86 males, 68 females) who study in special schools for the blind in South Korea. The findings of this research can be summarized as follows; First, students at the first or second degree of visual disability mainly used braille as literacy medium, while students at the third, fourth or sixth degree of visual disability used print as a primary reading and writing medium. Among students at the first or second degree of visual disability, percentages of students who did not use optical aids were higher than those of students who used them. However, among students at the third, fourth or sixth degree of visual disability, percentages of students who used optical aids were higher than those of students who did not use them. Second, all the congenitally and adventitiously visually impaired used braille as a major literacy medium. In addition, among the congenitally or adventitiously visually impaired, percentages of students who did not use optical aids were higher than those of students who used them. In summary, students identified as having blindness or visual impairments by legal definitions in South Korea used braille or print as a primary reading and writing medium. Some of students who have residual vision used optical aids such as glasses or contact lenses. 장애인복지법 시행령의 시각장애 등급 판정 기준에 해당하는 학생들이 특수학교인 시각장애 학교에서 교육을 받을 수 있다. 국가에서 정한 시각장애 등급 판정은 시력과 시야를 기준으로 삼고 있고, 이 기준에 따라 1급에서 6급까지로 나누어진다. 실명시기는 학교 교육에서 중요한 학습 매체를 결정에 영향을 준다. 시각 발달은 태어나면서부터 만5세까지 지속적으로 발달한다. 이 때 잔존시력이 남아있다면, 시력보조구를 착용하여 아동의 시각 발달을 촉진시키는 것이 가능하다. 본 연구는 시각장애 등급별 및 실명시기별 시각장애학교 재학생의 주요 학습 매체와 시력보조구 활용 실태를 파악하기 위해 실시되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시각장애 등급별로 보았을 때, 1급과 2급에서는 점자를 주요 매체로 사용하는 반면 3급 이상에서는 묵자를 주요 매체로 사용하였다. 또한, 시력보조구 활용면에서는 1급과 2급은 시력보조구를 사용하지 않는 학생들의 비율이 휠씬 높았지만, 3급 이상에서는 시력보조구 활용 비율이 하지 않는 비율보다 비슷하거나 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 실명시기별로 보았을 때, 선천성 및 후천성인 경우 모두 점자 사용자가 묵자 사용자보다 많았고, 시력보조구를 사용하지 않는 경우가 사용하는 경우보다 더 많았다. 본 연구는 시각장애학교 재학생을 대상으로 장애인복지법 시행령 상의 법적 시각장애 기준에 따른 분포를 문해매체를 기준으로 한 기능적 정의에 따른 분포와 비교한 정보를 제공하고 있다. 또한, 시각장애 등급별로 구분하여 시력보조구 활용 실태 및 실명시기별로 시각장애 학교 재학생의 문해매체와 시력보조구 활용 실태에 대한 정보도 포함하고 있다

공학 글쓰기에서 시각 자료의 활용 방안 연구-그래프와 다이어그램을 중심으로-

이희영 ( Lee Hee-young ) 우리어문학회 2016 우리어문연구 Vol.56 No.-

신문식성 시대를 맞아 복합양식 글쓰기가 주목받기 시작하였다. 특히 공학 글쓰기에는 다양한 시각 자료가 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 공학 글쓰기에서 시각 자료의 기능과 중요성을 살펴보고, 기존의 연구와 시각 자료 사용 실례를 통하여 시각 자료의 사용 기준과 활용 방안을 마련하였다. 시각 자료의 역할과 기능을 잘 인지하지 못하는 공대 학생들은 전공 보고서에서 시각 자료를 사용할 때 여러 가지 오류를 범한다. 시각 자료가 텍스트의 보조적인 수단이 아니라 텍스트의 일부이며, 텍스트의 주요 내용을 강조하는 기능이 있음을 논의하고 시각 자료로 사용할 텍스트의 내용을 선택하는 근거를 제시하였다. 시각 자료도 텍스트와 마찬가지로 독자 분석을 통하여 시각화할 정보를 선택해야 하며, 또한 문제-해결에 관여하는 주요 개념이나 과정은 시각 자료로 나타내어야 한다. 시각 자료 구성에 있어서 텍스트 분석, 독자 분석, 시각화 선택의 세 가지 요소가 서로 유기적으로 연관을 맺고 있으며, 이들을 바탕으로 구체적인 체크리스트를 제공하여 실제로 교육 현장에 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. In this New literacy era, multi-modal writing started getting attentions. Many visual aids are used especially in engineering writing. The purpose of this study is to show the features and importance of visual aids in engineering writing, and suggest methods of using visual aids properly based on many studies and actual examples of how they are used in engineering writing. Engineer majoring students often make mistakes when they use visual aids in their writing because they do not know what role and functions visual aids should perform in engineering writing. Visual aids are not just supportive means of text, but part of text, and it emphasize the major point of text. This study provides several ways to choose datum in text that are to be used as visual aids. Choosing datum that to be visualized, reader analysis should be preceded. In addition, concepts and procedures related to problem-solving of the project should be used as visual aids. Constructing visual aids, three factors should be considered ; text analysis, reader analysis, visualization. These factors are related one another, and the check-list based on these factors is provided.

중학교 영어교과서의 시각자료를 통한 문화적 묘사에 관한 연구

강지영(Ji-Young Kang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2010 한국교육문제연구 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 학습자들에게 영어를 가르칠 때에 언어와 문화의 교육이 동시에 이루어질 수 있도록 영어를 모국어로 사용하는 나라(서양)의 문화에 대한 교육의 필요성을 안다. 우리나라 학습자들에게 영어를 사용할 때에 수월하게 하기 위해서는 반드시 문화적 이해가 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 시각자료를 통해 문화적 표현이 묘사, 전달되어야 한다. 현행 교과서에서 실리는 시각자료의 분석을 통하여 현재의 자료 제공 정도를 파악하여 충분한 문화자료가 제공되고 있는지 알아보고, 추후에 개선되어야 할 부분을 찾는다. 본 연구를 통해 현재 사용되고 있는 교과서의 개선할 부분을 찾아 앞으로의 교과서 변화에 기초자료로서 제공하고자 한다. 중학교 학습자들이 영어를 배울 때 영어의 기능적인 부분뿐만 아니라, 문화적인 부분까지 함께 배울 수 있는 교과서가 제공되기 위해서 교과서 속에 시각자료가 충분히 문화교육의 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 앞으로 개정 될 교과서를 위하여 이와 같은 연구는 계속 이루어져야 할 것이며, 추후에 제공될 교과서 안에서는 학습자들의 연령, 그 시대에 맞는 관심사와 연관지어, 영어권 나라 문화의 다양성과 영어의 표현법이 함께 학습될 수 있도록 더 나은 시각자료를 제공해야 할 것이다. The study aims to recognize the importance of culture education in English language class. To comfortably use English in Korean English learner, certainly they need to understand manifold cultural differences within English. For this cultural understanding, cultural expression has to be described and delivered to English learner through visual aids. Also through the analysis of visual aids in the textbook now in use, find two facts. First, find out how enough cultural material provided to them from understanding the fact of the data availability. Second, find out what will be improved for the Middle School English textbook ahead. While curriculum of Korea education was changing from the 6th curriculum to the 7th and the 7th revised curriculum, the culture education was emphasized within a second language(English). With this in mind, this kinds of study is positively necessary. For effective culture education to middle school students, it is necessary to convey and understand the culture using by the visual aids. And look into deeply the relationship between language and culture, and the importance of culture in English class. Find the role and the effect of the various visual aids which express culture. And then the various visual aids already were illustrated in the textbook, it should be used to teach the culture education. For the English textbook ahead, a study of analysis of visual aids in textbooks needs to continue like this study. English textbooks will provide the visual aids enable to support cultural part of English as well as in functional part of English for English learners. In other words, consider age of learners, choose similar visual aids are linked with learner's interests and learner's environment, and provide various visual aids which are expressed a lot of cultural features of English speaking countries(western cultures) in English textbook ahead.

난청인의 효율적인 보청기 오리엔테이션을 위한 시청각 DVD 도구의 개발

이동욱,박상원,지현효,최예림,이연지,한우재 한국청각언어재활학회 2014 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.10 No.1

One of successful audiological rehabilitations depends on whether new hearing aid users have strong motivation and also how well they understand comprehensive instructions, i.e., use, care, and limitations of the hearing aids. Although many audiologists allot as much as 30 ~ 40 min to explain about the hearing aid instructions during the first fitting appointment, new hearing aid users might forget most information provided by a healthcare professional. The purpose of the study is to help the hearing aid users remember the essential instructions through visual information of hearing aids orientation (HAO) DVD and thus continue to patient’s high satisfaction eventually even with decreasing counseling time in the clinic. First of all, we summarized small orientation books provided by 13 hearing aid companies and hearing centers. Based on the summary, two 8-min DVDs (e.g., BTE and CIC) of three sections including 1) insertion and removal of the hearing aids, 2) changing the battery, and 3) care and maintenance were developed. To see validity of the DVD, a total 80 sets of DVD and survey having 10 items were provided to four hearing centers in Seoul and near areas. Among them, sixty-nine sets were received and analyzed. Most of hearing-impaired responders were satisfied with auditory-visual information by this HAO DVD which provided better understand to the hearing aid wearers, although we need some modifications for public use. We expect that HAO DVD will aid successful audiological rehabilitation as well as hearing aid satisfaction.

Original Articles : Causes of Visual Impairment among Patients Referred to a Visual Rehabilitation Clinic in Iran

( Alireza Ramezani ),( Maasome Pardis ),( Nasrin Rafati ),( Mohsen Kazemi Moghaddam ),( Marzieh Katibeh ),( Pooya Rostami ),( Mohammad Hossein Dehghan ),( Mohammad Ali Javadi ),( Zahra Rabbanikhah ) 대한안과학회 2012 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: Epidemiologic evaluation and investigating the causes of visual impairment in any society is a matter of concern and has a direct effect on the country`s health care planning. In this study we describe causes of low vision and blindness in Iranian patients referred to rehabilitation clinics for taking vision aids. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, visual acuity was classified based on best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye according to the World Health Organization definition (blindness, visual acuity [VA]<20/400; severe visual impairment, VA<20/200-20/400; mild to moderate visual impairment, VA<20/60-20/200). The causes of blindness and low vision were determined using the 10th version of International Classification of Diseases based on the main cause in both eyes. To describe data, we used mean±SD and frequency. Results: The study included 432 patients, 65% male, with a mean age of 43.6±25.5 years (range, 3 to 92 years). Mild to moderate visual impairment, severe visual impairment and blindness were present in 122 (28.8%), 196 (46.4%) and 105 (24.8%) of the patients, respectively. The main causes of visual impairment were retinal and choroidal diseases (74.5%), optic nerve and optic tract diseases (9.8%), vitreous and globe disorders (5.3%), congenital cataract (3.1%), and glaucoma (2.6%). The distribution pattern of the causes was similar in all age subgroups. Conclusions: Diseases of the retina and choroid are the main cause of visual impairment among patients referred to an academic visual rehabilitation clinic in Iran.

An Exploratory Study on the Meaning of Visual Scaffolding in Teaching and Learning Contexts

( Soyoung Park ) 한국교육공학회 2017 Educational Technology International Vol.18 No.2

This study aims to conduct a literature review on visual scaffolding. Visual scaffolding, as a support for learning, employs various forms of visual objects which can be either content-independent or content-dependent and the types of which would be abstract-verbal, concrete-verbal, concrete-visual, or abstract visual. The effectiveness of visual scaffolding can be argued in the following three aspects: 1) explicit representation of information and emphasis of critical features in effective and efficient manner, 2) supplement of additional information, 3) structural understanding with decrease in cognitive load. The limitations of the study and the suggestions for future study are discussed.

시청각 자료를 활용한 영어 듣기능력 향상

임미란 ( Mi Ran Lim ),김경훈 ( Kyung Hoon Kim ) 21세기영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학21 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to research middle school students` listening problems and to suggest how to improve their listening comprehension through the use of the audio-visual aids. The experimental group had been taught through audio-visual aids for 12 weeks. The data needed for this study was obtained by the questionnaires with 20 questions about the English listening. The data analyzing method was the t-test through the statistics program SPSS 12.0. The result is as follows. First, the mean score for the experimental group was significant higher than that of control group. Second, it was found that there were significant differences in the intermediate and low levels of English proficiency. Third, most of the students who were taught listening by audio-visual aids responded that they were more interested in and more satisfied with the listening lesson than the students in the control group. From the results of this study, we found that the use of audio-visual aids were more effective in improving the students` listening competence than the use of the audio tapes.

AENM에 기반한 다의 동사 학습 보조 영상의 제작 원리 - 신체 동사를 중심으로

정병철 한국문화융합학회 2017 문화와 융합 Vol.39 No.6

This study aims to develop basic principles of making visual aids (including pictures, cartoons, and animations) based on neural theory of learning, to support second language learners who need to understand meanings of polysemous verbs. Although there have been many attempts to utilize images for the purpose of facilitating second language learning, it is indisputable that we need more systematic and scientifically acceptable principles of making visual aids specifically for polysemous words. AENM(Accompanied Experience Network Model) suggests that semantic extension involving metonymy occurs on the condition that an entity(vehicle) is registered in long-term memory by being recognized as a characteristically accompanied experience of the other entity(target) through successive accumulation of usage-events. Applying AENM’s notion that metonymy is a regular and main source of meaning extension, it is argued that providing visual aids capturing the characteristically accompanied experiences or typical scenes that generate neural networks for emerging distinct meanings facilitates learning polysemy words. According to AENM, metonymy is an essential prerequisite for metaphorical extension of language use, but metaphor does not bring about structural change of visual aids. In its final stage, this paper illustrates some visual aids of Korean body verb ‘chada(kick)’ by applying the principles that has been revealed by AENM.

Enhancement in classification accuracy of motor imagery signals with visual aid: An fNIRS-BCI Study

Usman Ghafoor,Amad Zafar,M. Atif Yaqub,Keum-Shik Hong 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

One of the most promising brain activity utilized in brain-computer interface (BCI) is motor imagery (MI). Due to weak hemodynamic response (HR) signal, the achieved classification accuracies using MI are not sufficiently high. In this study, the enhancement in HR was investigated during motor imagery tasks of ball squeezing with the right hand. Brain signals in the form of concentration changes in oxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbR) from the left sensorimotor cortex were obtained using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The experiment was separated in two sessions: In the first session the MI task was performed without a visual aid, and in the second session of the same task, the visual aid was provided: A video was played on a screen that showed a person continuously squeezing the ball, which can help in enhancing the imagination, thus improvement in HR. Later the features of averaged ΔHbO were used for classification. The active channels were selected on the basis of t-values and trials of those channels were mean to obtain averaged ΔHbO. Consistent with literature, imagery task with visual aid, showed increased activation in ΔHbO. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis was used to classify signals by taking the mean and peak of the averaged ΔHbO resulting in average classification accuracies of approximately 66% and 77% for MI task, with and without visual aid, respectively. These results are convincing that showed improvement in MI ability which will be useful for fNIRS-based BCI applications.