Determinants of Green Technology Diffusion and Green Trade

Qingyun Chen,조혁수 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.6

Purpose – This study aims to explore the factors that contribute to the international diffusion of green technology and further analyze the relationship between green technology diffusion and green trade. Previous studies and theoretical foundations suggest that economic, technological, and institutional environments are important factors influencing the diffusion of green technology among countries. For this study, trade openness, intellectual property protection, the level of development of information and communication technology (ICT), research and development (R&D) investment, environmental regulations, and environmental norms were used as the key factors in the diffusion of green technology. In addition, a comparative analysis of OECD and non-OECD countries is conducted. Design/methodology – Panel data were collected from 58 countries for the period 2007–2019. The empirical analysis consists of two parts, first exploring the drivers of green technology diffusion using the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method, and then analyzing the linkage between green technology diffusion and green trade using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) model. The demand for green technology is expected to vary among countries because of their different economic development levels and goals. A comparative analysis was conducted based on the classification of countries by the level of economic development. Findings – We found that the level of intellectual property protection, R&D investment and environmental norms contribute positively to the diffusion of green technology. However, there is a negative correlation between trade openness, environmental regulations and green technology diffusion. Green technology diffusion positively affects green trade. Moreover, the positive impact of green technology diffusion on green trade is more pronounced in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries. Originality/value – Previous studies have focused on technology transfer and green technology innovation at the firm level; however, research on green technology diffusion is insufficient. This study investigated the determinants of green technology diffusion at the national level. The study also explored the relationship between green technology diffusion and green trade. It helps to fill the gap in the literature on green technology diffusion and provides a reference for future studies. Additionally, our findings offer valuable guidance for government and corporate decision-makers in formulating strategies for the transfer of green technologies and sustainable development initiatives.

기업의 기술유사도 사회연결망을 통한 기술확산 분석 - 방위산업 기업의 보유기술 데이터를 중심으로 -

박동수,윤한성 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2022 산업혁신연구 Vol.38 No.2

Technology diffusion is viewed as a phenomenon in which the number of adopters of a specific technology expands through communication in a social system. As a subject of technology diffusion, a company communicates with the society through its technology and products as the main medium. Companies possessing the same category of technologies may have a high possibility of having similar information and knowledge to acquire or exchange with each other. From this point of view, a method to construct a social network based on the similarity of the technologies and to analyze the technology diffusion between companies using k-core analysis is summarized and suggested. Company groups based on technology similarity and the links between groups were identified. And the degree and the possibility of technology diffusion were calculated as static diffusion and dynamic diffusion. In addition, the ranking of high possibility of technology diffusion was checked with a dynamic diffusion ranking based on the connection relationship of social networks. In the scope of data analyzed in this paper, the degree of technology diffusion in the fields of defense S/W and structural materials is high. In the field of aircraft structures and structural materials, the ratio of possessing technologies in common with external groups is high. 개인 또는 집단으로 구성되는 사회적 시스템에 의해서 구체적인 커뮤니케이션을 통해 시간을 두고 특정 기술의 수용자 수가 확대되는 것으로 정의되는 기술확산은 생산성 및 국가경쟁력 향상의 차원에서 중요하게 다루어지는 요소이다. 기술혁신의 주체이기도 한 기업은 보유기술 및 이를 활용한 제품을 주요 매개체로 하여 소속하고 있는 사회와 커뮤니케이션을 이루어간다고 볼 수 있다. 이와 같은 맥락에서, 동일한 범주의 기술을 보유한 기업들은 추구하거나 습득하는 정보․지식에 있어서 종류가 유사하거나 서로 직․간접적인 교환의 가능성이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 한편 사회연결망은 개체 간의 관계를 네트워크 형태로 표현하는 방식으로서, 본 논문에서 주요 분석도구로 활용하기로 한다. 사회연결망의 개체를 기업으로 두고, 개별 기업의 보유기술 속성으로 계산한 개체 간 유사도를 연결선으로 하는 사회연결망을 구성할 수 있다. 구성한 사회연결망에서 서브그룹 방식인 k-코어 분석을 활용한 기술확산 분석방식을 정리하여 제안하였다. 분석방식에서 기업들의 보유기술 유사성을 바탕으로 k-코어 그룹을 확인하고, 그룹 간 연결관계를 확인하여 기술확산 정도와 가능성의 크기를 정적 확산도와 동적 확산도로 확인하는 방식을 정리하였다. 그리고 국내 방위산업 수행기관의 실제 기술기업 현황 데이터에 대해 제안된 분석방식에 따라 기술확산에 대한 분석 및 평가를 진행하였다. 활용할 기술관리 자료는 해당 기관에서 기술동향의 파악을 위해 전국단위의 기술기반 중소․벤처 기업의 기업별 보유기술 데이터이다. 분석한 데이터의 범위에서는 국방S/W 및 구조재료의 분야에서 기술확산의 정도가 크며, 비행체구조 및 구조재료의 분야에서 외부 기술 분야의 기업들과 공통된 보유기술을 보유한 비율이 높으므로 향후 기술확산의 가능성이 큰 것으로 보인다.

A Technology Diffusion Model Based on Technology Policy

진메이웨(Jin, Mei-Yue) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.6

기술정책은 신기술 확산에 영향을 주는 중요한 요인 중의 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존의 전염병 확산 모형을 기초로 정책변수를 추가한 신기술 확산모형을 구축하고, 미국에서의 이산화탄소 배출 감소에 응용되는 고체조 명(Solid-State Lighting) 기술을 사례로 실증연구를 진행하는 것이다. 실험결과, 정책변수는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났으며, 기술정책은 신기술의 확산에 추진 작용을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 정책적 역할에 대한 정량적 이해를 도모하는데 있어서 정량적 판단을 위한 자료를 제공하고, 정책변수와 신기술 확산의 정량적 관계를 파악하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. Technology policy has a substantial impact on the diffusion of a new technology. This paper uses technology policy as a variable in the general epidemic model to quantify the effects of the policy on technology diffusion. The results obtained in this study, using data on solid-state technology diffusion in the U.S. indicate that technology policy plays a positive role in technology diffusion and provide a firm basis for understanding the relationship between technology policy and technology diffusion through the use of quantitative data.

기술적 성능향상 및 경제성을 고려한 기술 확산(Technology Diffusion) 추세에 대한 연구

박창현(Changhyun Park) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.2

기술의 확산 현상의 추세 및 발생 동인에 대한 정확한 이해는 새로운 기술을 예측하고 기술 혁신의 과정을 이해하는데 매우 유용하다. 본 연구에서는 기술의 진화 속도가 빠른 반도체 산업 32nm, 22nm, 14nm 로직 기술의 실증적 사례에 대해 기술적 성능 향상 및 경제성 지표를 고려한 정량적 추세 분석을 적용하여 기술 확산 현상의 추세 및 발생 동인을 분석하였다. 기술적 성능 향상을 고려한 기술 확산 곡선은 S곡선의 성숙기, 쇠퇴기 형태를 보였고, 경제성 기반 기술 확산 곡선은 학습효과곡선의 형태를 보였다. 기술 확산 곡선은 2년의 수명주기를 보였고, 기술 세대별 기술적 성능향상 또는 칩 제조비용의 변화 정도가 정량적으로 관찰되었다. 또한 제품구조혁신은 경제적 발생동인보다 기술적 발생동인이 더 지배적인 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 첨단기술기반의 반도체 산업에 대한 기술 확산 현상의 추세 및 발생 동인에 대한 실증연구로 시사점이 있으며, 기술 예측 또는 기술 전략 수립에 활용될 수 있으므로 실무적으로도 의의가 크다. Understanding trends and drivers of technology diffusion is imperative to forecast new technology adoption and understand the process of technological innovation. Our research utilizes a quantitative trend analysis considering both technological and economic indicators for trends and drivers of technology diffusion for 32nm, 22nm, and 14nm logic semiconductor technology. In terms of technological performance, the technology diffusion curve showed an S-curve pattern during the stages of maturity and decline, and the diffusion curve showed evidence supporting the learning curve. The diffusion curve showed the life cycle duration of 2 years, and the rate of technological performance and obsolescence are observed quantitatively between generations. Architectural innovation is affected by technological drivers more significantly than economic drivers. This research has implications as empirical research on the trends and drivers of technology diffusion in the high-tech semiconductor industry, and is meaningful in forecasting new technology adoption or build technology strategy.

Coupled Paths of Influencing Factors on The Diffusion of Prefabricated Construction Technology: A Multi-agent Synergy Perspective

Yudan Dou,Shuhang Zhu,Xueya Yan,Tianxin Li 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.8

Prefabricated construction (PC) technology diffusion, as a key to promoting PC, has attractedincreasing attention from academia and industry in recent years. The diffusion of PCtechnology mainly stems from the coupling effect of multiple influencing factors, especially themulti-agent synergy. This study is to explore the multi-dimensional influencing factors and theircoupling paths for the diffusion of PC technology, from a multi-agent synergy perspective. First,six critical factors identified through literature review are divided into three dimensions. Further, fourteen theoretical hypotheses are proposed for the interactions of these factors andtheir impacts on the diffusion of PC technology, highlighting the role of multi-agent synergy. Then, an empirical research method based on partial least square-structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM) and questionnaire survey data were used to reveal the relationship between theinfluencing factors and the coupling path of PC technology diffusion. The findings suggest thatorganization strength (with the highest influence) and technology cooperation have positiveeffects, while technology investment has a negative effect, on PC technology diffusion. Bothmarket competition and industry development play indirect roles on PC technology diffusionvia technology investment, without direct effects. Government intervention positively moderatesthe path from technology investment and organizational strength to PC technology diffusion,respectively, with the strongest moderating effect between government intervention andorganization strength. This study contributes to scientifically planning the diffusion of PCtechnology.

Bass 모형을 이용한 인터넷에서의 기술 확산에 대한 실증분석

남호헌,양광민,Nam, Ho-Hun,Yang, Kwang-Min 한국디지털정책학회 2008 디지털융복합연구 Vol.6 No.2

The Internet possesses not only features of mass media but also features of word of mouth communication. Communication channel is considered as one of most important variables in diffusion process. In this paper, we examined functionality of technology diffusion on the Internet through the use of meta tags. We have measured the coefficients of the Bass diffusion model which has been well-established in new product diffusion. This research shows that the Bass model is appropriate for describing technology diffusion on the Internet. The external influence as represented by the coefficient of innovation was found to be much smaller while the internal influence dominates in all meta tag diffusion. In meta tag diffusion, the internal influence as represented by the coefficient of imitation was increased at least twice bigger than that of consumer durables and information technology. Collecting necessary data in social sciences research can be a burden. This research shows that it can be alleviated through the use of software agents over the Internet. The research made use of software agents for collecting longitudinal data from publicly accessible archive such as Archive.org.

기술확산과 경제성장의 변동성

권명중,윤미경 한국산업조직학회 2019 産業組織硏究 Vol.27 No.4

This paper explores the controversial issue of the effect of technology change on growth volatility from the perspective of technology diffusion model. Unlike existing growth and business cycle theories, this paper measures technology change by diffusion of capital goods embodying new technology through firm selection. Since the quantity of capital goods are related to the changes in quantity produced to meet the demands for goods embodying new technology, adoption of capital goods can explain growth volatility. Empirical estimation of effect of technology diffusion on growth volatility for 20 manufacturing industries and 18 services industries during the period 2002-2015, shows that: 1) for the 8 years from 2008-2015, growth volatility was primarily determined by fall in capital goods prices and exogenous increase in demand; 2) since the global financial crisis, demand for consumer goods and intermediate goods did not contribute to growth volatility; 3) government policy can be an important tool to stimulate growth under economic crisis; 4) R&D at the industry level is not an appropriate variable to measure technology change; 5) after 2012, technology change stimulated expansion of the services sector but led to contraction of manufacturing. The model developed in this paper complements the technology-led growth view of new growth theory, by showing that growth is not only affected by technology push on the supply side, but also pulled by demand from the product market side. Such a synthesized perspective deepens our understanding of the effect of technology on growth volatility and imply that effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy will be enhanced when coordinated with technology policy. 본 논문은 “기술변화와 성장의 변동성”에 관한 논쟁적 문제를 기술확산모형을 통하여 분석하였다. 신기술을 생산하는 자본재가 한편으로는 신기술공급과 연결되고 또 다른 한편으로는그 신기술수요를 공급하는 생산량과 연결된다는 것은 매개수단인 자본재 수요변화(확산)를 이용해서 기술공급변화가 신기술 생산량의 변화에 미치는 영향을 측정할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 이런 아이디어가 반영된 기술확산모형을 2002년부터 2015년까지 14년 기간 동안 한국의 20개 제조업과 18개 서비스산업의 패널데이터에 적용해서 기술변화가 혁신성장에 미치는영향을 분석하였다. 그 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 2008년부터 8년간의 혁신성장변동성이 주로 기술공급요인인 자본재가격하락과 외생적 수요증가에 의해서 일어났다. (2) 글로벌 경제위기 이후 성장의 변동성에 소비재 및 중간생산재 수요가 기여하지 못했다. (3) 경제위기와 같은 시장 불균형 상태에 있을 때 정부정책이 성장의 변동성을 일으키는 중요한 수단이다. (4) 산업연구개발투자는 기술공급을 측정하는 적절한 변수가 되지 못한다. (5) 2012년이후 기술변화가 제조업은 축소되고 서비스업이 확대되는 형태로 산업구조변화가 변화하는데 영향을 미쳤다. 본 논문이 기존의 연구에 기여하는 부분은 신성장이론이 주장하는 기술견인 성장이론을 보완해서 혁신성장이 기술견인뿐만 아니라 수요견인에 의해서도 일어난다는종합적(synthesized) 관점의 모형을 제공하는 것이다. 이러한 접근은 기술변화와 성장의 변동성에 대한 이해를 높이고, 기존의 기술정책 효과성을 높이는 데 기여 한다.

기술이 문화에 미치는 영향과 국제경영에 대한시사점 – 개인주의, 집단주의 문화가치관을 중심으로

김학조,이지석 한국무역통상학회 2017 무역통상학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Does modern technology has changed culture ? Technology directly affects the way humans live. Further, the culture can be changed by diverse set of factors such as technology. Previous studies has explained the concept of culture is remained constantly and does not changed by the theoretical aspects. However, this paper consider the culture is a dynamic factor and changes as a result of diverse set of factors such as technology. the aim of this paper is that analyzing secondary data about culture and technology by utilizing Hofstede and GLOBE. Additionally, The development of technology proves that level of individualism would be generated from the improvement of current technology. This study also finds that technology capabilities, technology diffusion are positively related to Individualism. otherwise, The results our research into the statistical data have found that the development of technology decreases Power Distance(PDI) Finally, this paper supports the idea of global cultural convergence and suggests the technology is an important driver of convergence among different cultures.

Adoption and Diffusion Speed of New Technology with Network Externality in a Two-level Supply Chain

Daeheon Choi(최대헌) 한국경영과학회 2013 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.38 No.3

This paper develops a model to predict the adoption and level of usage of network technology in a two-level supply chain with buyer-supplier relationships. A firm’s adoption of a new technology depends not only on its own beliefs of the new technology’s costs and benefits, but also on the adoption decisions of other firms in the supply chain. A model first analyzes an individual supplier’s decision about a new technology adoption considering with multiple suppliers and buyers. Individual suppliers’ decisions are aggregated with a population model to project how new technology diffuses across the supply chain and examine the pattern of diffusion process. This study found that as more firms adopt in initial periods, the total amount of information to the potential adopters in the population increases, and then the number of firms persuaded by the information increases as the process moves up the distribution of adoption process. We consider three factors influencing the diffusion speed of the new technology in a supply chain network : mean benefits, cost sharing, and information provision. This study examines how such factors affect the reduction of threshold levels, which implies that reductions in threshold levels have an aggregate effect by accelerating the rate of adoption. In particular, we explore relationship factors available in practice in a buyer-supplier relationship and numerically examines how these relationship factors contribute to increase the diffusion speed of the technology in a two-level supply chain

국내 전자상거래 요소기술 수준과 전략적 중요도 분석

김창수 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

Electronic commerce (EC) is now the preeminent driver of economic growth and social change. Information technologies such as the Internet and telecommunication are one of the major enablers in the shaping process of global electronic commerce. That is, current electronic commerce technologies provide effective searches, payment, security and privacy, increasing networkability between products, services and processes, reducing transaction costs, interacting with a global range of customers and business partners, and increasing competitiveness.* Professor, Division of Information Management, Tongmyung University of Information Technology The objective of this study is to develop a model for classifying electronic commerce technologies and to analyze the level of each EC technology that is closely related to e-business. That is, a classification model for EC technologies consists of three categories: basic technology, base technology, and application technology. This can play a role as a model in comparing the relative importance of each electronic commerce technology, and in classifying EC technologies into three hierarchical categories. Based on the EC technology classification model, we have analyzed the technology life-cycle, the technology level of Korea, the applicability of EC technology, economic efficiency of the technology, the urgency level of the technology development, and the development strategy of EC technologies. This study is the first attempt to classify electronic commerce technologies and analyze them according to the technology life cycle. Thus, this research will act as a trigger in facilitating the diffusion of electronic commerce in Korea. The results of this paper can be used as basic materials in establishing EC technology policy at the national level. A business firm can consider research findings of this study in planning for EC technology adoption and development. Finally, this paper will provide useful insights for further research related to electronic commerce. Electronic commerce (EC) is now the preeminent driver of economic growth and social change. Information technologies such as the Internet and telecommunication are one of the major enablers in the shaping process of global electronic commerce. That is, current electronic commerce technologies provide effective searches, payment, security and privacy, increasing networkability between products, services and processes, reducing transaction costs, interacting with a global range of customers and business partners, and increasing competitiveness.* Professor, Division of Information Management, Tongmyung University of Information Technology The objective of this study is to develop a model for classifying electronic commerce technologies and to analyze the level of each EC technology that is closely related to e-business. That is, a classification model for EC technologies consists of three categories: basic technology, base technology, and application technology. This can play a role as a model in comparing the relative importance of each electronic commerce technology, and in classifying EC technologies into three hierarchical categories. Based on the EC technology classification model, we have analyzed the technology life-cycle, the technology level of Korea, the applicability of EC technology, economic efficiency of the technology, the urgency level of the technology development, and the development strategy of EC technologies. This study is the first attempt to classify electronic commerce technologies and analyze them according to the technology life cycle. Thus, this research will act as a trigger in facilitating the diffusion of electronic commerce in Korea. The results of this paper can be used as basic materials in establishing EC technology policy at the national level. A business firm can consider research findings of this study in planning for EC technology adoption and development. Finally, this paper will provide useful insights for further research related to electronic commerce