Changes of Soil Chemical Quality Index of Paddy Soils by Long-term Application of Soil Amendments

Myung Sook Kim,Seong Jin Park,Sung Hun Kim,Hyun Young Hwang,Song Heui Ahn,Dong Won Lee,Yun hae Lee 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Soil is an essential resource for life and its properties are susceptible to be modified by application of soil amendment. The impact of management practices on soil function can be assessed through a soil quality index. The changes in soil chemical quality index in paddy soils applied of soil amendments were assessed from data of long-term experiment plots which were operated from 1969 to 2016 by the National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju, Korea. The treatments were inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus soil amendments (rice straw compost, NPK+C; silicate fertilizer, NPK+S; mixing rice straw compost and silicate fertilizer, NPK+CS). The quality index of soil for chemical properties was analysed by method suggested by Yoon et al. (2004) which calculating soil quality index integrating the score of the each soil chemical property and divided into by 4 periods (Period Ⅰ: 1969 - 1978, Period Ⅱ: 1979 - 1985, Period Ⅲ: 1986 - 2001, Period Ⅳ: 2002 - 2016). The paddy fields for the long-term experiments were changed to a soil with good quality under application of soil amendment over a period of time. The order of magnitude of soil chemical quality index was NPK+CS > NPK+S > NPK+C > NPK. Chemical attributes such as pH, SOM, and Av.SiO₂ increased the soil quality index in NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS compared to NPK. The quality index of soil chemical properties of NPK, NPK+C and NPK+S treatments ranged from 70 to 74 in period, from 64 to 71 in period Ⅱ, and to 75 to 82 in period Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Especially, the decrease of the chemical quality index value of NPK, NPK+C and NPK+S treatments in Period Ⅱ was attributed to the decrease of the soil pH value below the optimum range of rice growth due to irrigation water. The NPK+CS treatment increased to the highest value of 87 in period I, but tended to decrease slightly at period Ⅲ and Ⅳ. It showed that these were caused by the accumulation of silicate fertilizer, resulting in a decrease of the chemical quality index value of the soil. When a constant amount of soil amendments was continuously applied for 48 years, the soil chemical quality index were improved. After that period, the soil chemical quality index, however, was decreased because of excess accumulation of soil amendments. In view of the soil chemical quality index values, optimal application of soil amendment is the most suitable management for this site since it preserves soil quality and provides an acceptable rice grain yield.

토양측정망 운영 결과 분석 연구

정승우,Jeong, Seung-Woo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.2

Usability of soil quality monitoring network for ascertaining soil quality changes was evaluated by analysing soil quality monitoring results. Tolerance limits of soil quality monitoring results from 1997 to 2007 were calculated and compared with Korean soil quality standards. This study determined that soil quality was changed if the upper 95% tolerance limit value was greater than the soil quality standard. Fluoride most frequently exceeded the soil quality standard and nickel, zinc, arsenic, copper, lead and cadmium were followed. Analysis on land use showed that tolerance limits of industrial land use most frequently exceeded the soil quality standards and residential, road and various land uses then frequently exceeded. Tolerance limits of land uses expecting high contaminant loads frequently exceeded the soil quality standards. This fact imply that the soil quality monitoring network generates reasonable data to represent change in Korean soil quality. This study also suggested that representative sampling from well identified points should be done to improve data reliability and accurately ascertain soil quality changes.

Changes of Soil Chemical Quality Index of Paddy Soils by Long-term Application Effect of Soil Amendments

김명숙,박성진,김성현,황현영,안성휘,이동원,이윤혜 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Soil is an essential resource for life and its properties are susceptible to be modified by application of soil amendment. The impact of management practices on soil function can be assessed through a soil quality index. The changes in soil chemical quality index in paddy soils applied of soil amendments were assessed from data of long-term experiment plots which were operated from 1969 to 2016 by the National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju, Korea. The treatments were inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus soil amendments (rice straw compost, NPK+C; silicate fertilizer, NPK+S; mixing rice straw compost and silicate fertilizer, NPK+CS). The quality index of soil for chemical properties was analysed by method suggested by Yoon et al. (2004) which calculating soil quality index integrating the score of the each soil chemical property and divided into by 4 periods (Period Ⅰ: 1969 - 1978, Period Ⅱ: 1979 - 1985, Period Ⅲ: 1986 - 2001, Period Ⅳ: 2002 - 2016). The paddy fields for the long-term experiments were changed to a soil with good quality under application of soil amendment over a period of time. The order of magnitude of soil chemical quality index was NPK+CS > NPK+S > NPK+C > NPK. Chemical attributes such as pH, SOM, and Av.SiO2 increased the soil quality index in NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS compared to NPK. The quality index of soil chemical properties of NPK, NPK+C and NPK+S treatments ranged from 70 to 74 in period, from 64 to 71 in period Ⅱ, and to 75 to 82 in period Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Especially, the decrease of the chemical quality index value of NPK, NPK+C and NPK+S treatments in Period Ⅱ was attributed to the decrease of the soil pH value below the optimum range of rice growth due to irrigation water. The NPK+CS treatment increased to the highest value of 87 in period I, but tended to decrease slightly at period Ⅲ and Ⅳ. It showed that these were caused by the accumulation of silicate fertilizer, resulting in a decrease of the chemical quality index value of the soil. When a constant amount of soil amendments was continuously applied for 48 years, the soil chemical quality index were improved. After that period, the soil chemical quality index, however, was decreased because of excess accumulation of soil amendments. In view of the soil chemical quality index values, optimal application of soil amendment is the most suitable management for this site since it preserves soil quality and provides an acceptable rice grain yield.

Calculating Soil Quality Index for Biomass Production Based on Soil Chemical Properties

Kim, Sung-Chul,Hong, Young Kyu,Lee, Sang Phil,Oh, Seung Min,Lim, Kyung Jae,Yang, Jae E. 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Soil quality has been regarded as an important factor for maintaining sustainability of ecosystem. Main purpose of this research was i) to select minimum factor for predicting biomass, and ii) to calculate soil quality index for biomass according to soil chemical properties. Result showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and available phosphorus are minimum data set for calculating biomass production in soil. Selected representative soil chemical properties were evaluated for soil quality index and rated from 1 to 5 (1 is the best for biomass production). Percentage of each grade in terms of biomass production in national wide was 14.52, 35.23, 33.03, 6.47, 10.75% respectively. Although, only soil chemical properties were evaluated for calculating optimum soil quality, result of this research can be useful to understand basic protocol of soil quality assessment in national wide.

Calculating Soil Quality Index for Biomass Production Based on Soil Chemical Properties

김성철,홍영규,이상필,오승민,임경재,양재의 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Soil quality has been regarded as an important factor for maintaining sustainability of ecosystem. Main purpose ofthis research was i) to select minimum factor for predicting biomass, and ii) to calculate soil quality index forbiomass according to soil chemical properties. Result showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soilorganic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and available phosphorus are minimum data set forcalculating biomass production in soil. Selected representative soil chemical properties were evaluated for soilquality index and rated from 1 to 5 (1 is the best for biomass production). Percentage of each grade in terms ofbiomass production in national wide was 14.52, 35.23, 33.03, 6.47, 10.75% respectively. Although, only soilchemical properties were evaluated for calculating optimum soil quality, result of this research can be useful tounderstand basic protocol of soil quality assessment in national wide.

Calculating Soil Quality Index for Biomass Production Based on Soil Chemical Properties

Sung-Chul Kim,Young Kyu Hong,Sang Phil Lee,Seung Min Oh,Kyung Jae Lim,Jae E. Yang 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Soil quality has been regarded as an important factor for maintaining sustainability of ecosystem. Main purpose of this research was i) to select minimum factor for predicting biomass, and ii) to calculate soil quality index for biomass according to soil chemical properties. Result showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and available phosphorus are minimum data set for calculating biomass production in soil. Selected representative soil chemical properties were evaluated for soil quality index and rated from 1 to 5 (1 is the best for biomass production). Percentage of each grade in terms of biomass production in national wide was 14.52, 35.23, 33.03, 6.47, 10.75% respectively. Although, only soil chemical properties were evaluated for calculating optimum soil quality, result of this research can be useful to understand basic protocol of soil quality assessment in national wide.

현장 측정된 토양미생물 종 다양성과 생태자연도 등급 자료 간의 통계적 상관관계 평가와 토양생태의 질 산정방안 제안

기동원(Ki Dongwon),박준홍(Park Joonhong),이재진(Lee Jaejin),노백호(Rho Paikho) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.27 No.6B

국토개발사업의 사전 계획 과정에서 개발할 것인지 보전할 것인지에 대한 의사결정은 인간 활동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 편리함과 이익을 고려해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 자연환경생태에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 종합적으로 예측하고 평가할 수 있는 자료기반 및 통합기법을 요구한다. 그 과정에서 사전 평가가 신뢰성 있고 객관적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 자연생태의 질에 대한 과학적이고 정량적인 정보가 필요하다. 자연생태의 주요 구성요소 중 토양생태계는 생태 전반적인 중요성에도 불구하고 동식물생태에 비해 기초지료기반이 부족하며 토양생태질의 등급화에 대한 개념 설정도 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 현재 환경영향평가 시 고려되고 있는 생태자연도의 자연생태 등급 자료가 토양생태의 질을 반영하고 있는지의 여부를 평가하였다. 이를 위해서 대상지역의 토양시료에 대한 토양미생물 종 다양성을 측정하고 기존의 생태자연도, 식생우수성, 생물다양성 등급자료와의 관계를 통계적으로 비교분석하였다. 또한 토양생태의 질을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 방법과 산간지역의 토양시료 채취 방법에 대하여 논의하였다. 그리고 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 기존의 국토환경생태관련 지형정보를 이용하여 미지의 지역에 대한 토양생태등급을 산정하고, 이를 이용해 토양생태수치지도를 작성하는 방법에 대하여 제안하였다. For improving sustainability of mega-construction projects, their impact on ecological consequences has to be predicted in a planning stage. For more reliable ecological impact evaluation, ecological quality has to be quantitatively classified first, and then an integrated information system with multiple-layered ecological and other environmental information databases is needed for efficiently handling and utilizing a huge amount of complex ecological and environmental information, Soil ecology is well known to have significant roles in maintaining the whole ecological systems in the Earth. However, its quality classification and assessment methodology has been poorly established in comparison to those for animal and plant ecosystems. In this study, a method for quantitatively classifying the quality of soil ecology using soil microbial diversity measurement was developed for mountain areas. When examining whether the soil ecology quality data have any correlation with the current ecological information including overall ecology quality index, animal/plant biodiversity, and forest health index, the current ecological information that are typically used in environmental impact assessment in our country was found to have a low power to reflect soil ecology quality. It may due to the fact that the current ecological information system does not include soil ecology quality information. This clearly suggests that an inclusion of soil ecology quality information is needed for more reliable environmental impact assessment. Based upon the findings from this work, an algorithm of estimating soil ecological quality using the existing nation-scale environmental and ecological geo-spatial information and its mapping method were proposed.

토양호흡 간이 측정기를 이용한 광미와 산림토양의 질적 평가

김성철 ( S. C. Kim ),김유범 ( Y. B. Kim ),오세진 ( S. J. Oh ),이상필 ( S. P. Lee ),주진호 ( J. H. Joo ),양재의 ( J. E. Yang ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2011 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.23 No.4

Soil respiration is a key component of the global carbon cycle but limited research has been conducted to examine the biological parameters of soil quality. Thus, The objectives of this research were to develop a simple, easy, and cost-effective standard kit to assess soil respiration and to estimate correlation between soil properties and soil respiration. For the standard kit to assess soil respiration, an ideal reactive substance was selected based on pH range. Depending on color development of the gel containing the reactive substance, soil respiration state was rated representing:<45 mg/kg/day (dark green), 45-70 mg/kg/day (green), 70-140 mg/kg/day (yellowish green), 140-300 mg/kg/day (yellow),>300 mg/kg/day (orange). Soil samples collected from two different sites (tailing and forest soils) were investigated for chemical (pH1:1, EC1:1, total organic C, and Total nitrogen, Melich 3 extractable P, and Melich 3 extratable K) and biological (Microbial C, Microbial N, Potentially mineralizable N) properties and clustered by the standard kit for soil respiration. While soil respiration level of tailings measured with kit generally ranked Group I and II representing low or moderately low soil activity, forest soils were ranked Group III and IV representing medium and ideal soil activity. Among other physicochemical properties of soil, total organic carbon (ρ=0.81) for tailing and EC1:1 (ρ=0.87) for forest soil were the most correlated parameters with soil respiration. Within biological properties, Microbial mass C (ρ=0.86 for tailing and ρ=0.80 for forest soil) showed the most correlated parameter with soil respiration. Overall, soil respiration assessment kit might have a potential to be used as a tool for quality assessment of soil biological indicators.

Soil Labile Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Management Index in Response to Different Fertilization under Organic Maize Farming System

황현영,이초롱,안난희,이상민,강다인,정정아 한국토양비료학회 2022 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Organic farming has been known to improve soil quality by enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The labile organic carbon (LOC) pools and carbon management index (CMI) are commonly used as very sensitive indicators of changes in SOC and assessment of soil quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic farming practices on soil quality by LOC fractions and CMI analysis in a 6-year field experiment. Four treatments were included: compost (COM), green manure (GM), inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and no fertilization (NF). This study was designed to explore changes in SOC concentrations, soil labile organic C fractions (microbial biomass C (MBC), water and hot water-extractable C (WEC, HWEC), particulate organic C (POC), light fraction organic C (LFOC) and ermanganate oxidizable C (POXC)) and CMI within the bulk soil under organic corn cultivation condition. Organic fertilization significantly increased SOC concentrationsand stocks by 10 - 55% compared to NPK and NF, especially, compost treatment. All labile carbon fractions were higher in COM and GM compared to NPK and NP, except MBC content. Among the LOC fractions, POC showed the highest proportion (32 - 87%) on total SOC. The CMI varied from 0.87 to 2.77, organic fertilized treatments increased by 1.7 - 3.2 times over NPK. These results showed that POC and POXC could be used as a rapid and informative indicator to assess soil quality and SOC changes. Hence, organic farmingmanagement could therefore contribute to improved nutrient cycling services and higher soil quality.

Soil algae pipe assay: <i>ex situ</i> method for the evaluation of soil quality based on soil algae and its application to the pot test

Kwak, Jin Il,Nam, Sun-Hwa,An, Youn-Joo Elsevier 2019 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.224 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We aimed to develop an <I>ex situ</I> method for evaluating soil quality using soil algae. The soil algae pipe assay involves application and sampling of algae and flow cytometry. As it can be performed in a greenhouse, the assay was effective for pot tests and conducive for soil quality assessment. This novel assay will enable broader toxicity testing.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed a soil algae pipe assay to assess soil quality <I>ex situ.</I> </LI> <LI> We validated the pipe assay using <I>C. reinhardtii</I> in pot tests in the greenhouse. </LI> <LI> The assay includes 1) application, 2) sampling, and 3) flow cytometry steps. </LI> <LI> Chlorophyll-<I>a</I> levels were lower in contaminated than in reference soils. </LI> </UL> </P>