진로전담교사의 평생학습 촉진역량 척도개발 및 타당화

박성희,정민 한국국회학회 2024 한국과 세계 Vol.6 No.3

본 연구는 진로전담교사의 평생학습 촉진역량을 구체적으로 규명하고 평생학습 촉진역량을 진단할 수 있는 측정 도구를 개발하여 개발된 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 대상은 진로전담교사 290명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 연구도구는 개발된 평생학습 촉진역량 척도, 학습동기, 긍정심리자본 척도를 사용하였다. 주요한 연구 결과를 제시하면 첫째, 델파이 조사와 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 생애설계역량, 디지털조절역량, 디지털활용역량, 기업가정신역량, 자기계발역량의 5개 요인 22개 문항이 도출되었다. 둘째, 개발된 척도의 신뢰도가 높음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 공인타당도 검증을 위해 개발된 척도와 학습동기, 긍정심리자본 간에 상관을 살펴본 결과 유의미하게 나타나 개발된 척도의 타당도를 확인하였다. 이 연구는 학교 현장의 진로전담교사를 대상으로 평생학습 촉진역량의 구성요인을 탐색하고 이를 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하였다는데 의의가 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 평생학습 촉진역량 척도는 평생학습 촉진역량 강화를 위한 유용한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 학교 현장에서 평생학습 참여에 관심과 변화를 일으키고, 평생학습 촉진역량을 강화하고 계발하기 위한 교육프로그램 개발을 통한 평생학습 촉진역량의 발달에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to specifically identify the lifelong learning facilitation competencies of school career teachers, develop a scale that can diagnose lifelong learning facilitation competencies, and verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale. The subjects of this study were 290 school career teachers. The developed scale, learning motivation, and positive psychological capital scale were used as research scale. To present the main research results, first, five factors and 22 items were developed: life design competency, digital control competency, digital utilization competency, entrepreneurship competency, and self-development competency through Delphi survey and exploratory factor analysis. Second, the reliability of the developed scale was high. Third, the validity of the developed scale was significance between the developed scale, learning motivation, and positive psychological capital. This study is of great significance in that it explored the components of lifelong learning facilitation competencies for incumbent school career teachers and developed a scale to measure them. The developed scale can be used as useful basic data for strengthening lifelong learning facilitation competencies. It will also contribute to the development of lifelong learning facilitation capabilities through training to develop lifelong learning facilitation capabilities and educational program, which will create interest and change in lifelong learning in the school.

팔로워십 척도 개발 및 타당화

최준원,권성우 한국기업경영학회 2014 기업경영연구 Vol.21 No.6

Both leadership and followership are important for the success of the enterprises. However followership studies have been relatively weak compared to leadership studies. Furthermore, many followership studies in Korea have been dependent on Kelley’s followership scale which was developed and validated in the United States. The purpose of this study is to facilitate diverse viewpoints and research discussions for followership studies in Korea by developing new followership scale based on Korean employees. The study is composed of literature review and two stages of empirical analysis. The literature reviews cover followership definition, proposed followership competencies and core concepts of major followership studies. In many leadership studies, follower has been granted as same concept of subordinate and followership as a concept which is related with specific position in the hierarchical structure. Recently, however, follower and followership are granted as concepts which are based on the relative role in the each interpersonal interaction. According to this viewpoint, leadership and followership are flexible role-based concepts which are both important to create organizational performance. Considering both leadership and followership are important for organizational performance, current sluggish study of followership is not desirable. By followership scale development, this study intends to promote more active research about followership and contribute more balanced approaches to organizational studies considering both leadership and followership. Empirical studies are composed of panel study by Delphi method and quantitative study by survey method. Delphi method was carried out for the purpose of selecting major followership competencies which were put into quantitative scale development afterward. Through repeated assessment by the panel, 9 major competencies were selected. For quantitative study, 44 items for 9 competencies were developed and measured by web-based survey. The data was collected from 389 employees in several companies based in Korea. Furthermore, 373 responses were put into analysis after filtering out inappropriate responses. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, 38 items for 7 core followership competencies were identified. The new followership scale was found to be stable by verification of measurement equivalence including configural invariance, metric invariance and scalar invariance. Construct validity was also supported by verification of convergent validity, discriminant validity, nomological validity and incremental validity. Followings are theoretical contributions through the empirical analysis. First, the new followership scale was developed based on Korean employees working with local enterprises while many followership studies have been dependent on Kelley’s scale which was developed and validated in the United States. Through incremental validity analysis, the new followership scale proved to have significant incremental ability to predict some important organizational effectiveness variables after statistically controlling Kelley’s scale. Second, new followership scale encompasses a wide range of competencies. Viewpoints and discussions of previous studies which used Kelley’s scale had some limitations due to simple dimensions of the scale. Although usefulness of the scale cannot be determined by the range of the scale, this new scale at least expand the base for the followership research and discussions. Third, new scale tried to focus on unique followership competencies while many previous studies didn’t care much about differentiation between followership and leadership competencies. This is important to strengthen base for followership study considering that organizational studies by leadership viewpoints have been more vigorous than by followership viewpoints. The limitation of this study is as follows. First, the survey data was collected by conven... 기업의 성공을 위해서는 조직 구성원들의 리더십과 함께 팔로워십도 중요한 요인이다. 그러나 팔로워십에 대한 관심과 연구는 리더십 대비 크게 부진한 상황이다. 특히, 국내의 팔로워십 연구는 고유의 관점을 제안하는 연구가 많지 않은 가운데 미국기업을 기반으로 개발된 Kelley(1992)의 척도를 활용하는 연구가 주를 이루어 왔다. 본 연구는 국내 기업의 구성원을 기반으로 신규 팔로워십 척도를 개발함으로써 팔로워십에 대한 보다 다양한 관점과 논의의 기반을 마련하고자 수행되었다. 팔로워십 측정문항들을 개발한 후 설문을 통해 측정한 373부의 표본을 대상으로 탐색적·확인적 요인분석을 실시했다. 분석 결과 주도적 책임수행, 상생, 진정성, 직무열의, 조직제도 순응, 업무능력, 성실성 등의 7개 팔로워십 역량을 측정하는 38개 문항이 확정되었다. 개발된 척도에 대해 측정동일성 검증을 시행한 결과 형태동일성, 메트릭동일성, 절편동일성 등이 수용됨으로써 기업 구성원의 팔로워십 측정에 활용될 수 있는 척도의 안정성이 확인되었다. 척도에 대한 수렴 및 변별타당도를 검증한 결과 기존 팔로워십 척도와 유의한 수렴타당도가 나타났고, 과업수행, 맥락수행, 변혁적 리더십 등과는 유의한 변별타당도가 나타났다. 이어서 팔로워십 연구들이 준거변인으로서 검증해온 대표적 변인인 정서적 조직몰입과 직무만족을 대상으로 법칙 및 증분타당도를 검증한 결과가 유의하게 나타남으로써, 개발된 척도가 주요 조직 변인을 설명 및 예측할 수 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의와 제한점, 연구과제 등에 대하여 논하였다.

Development and Evaluation of Binary Scale for Korean Geriatric Health Promotion Behavior

Jang, Jihye,Shin, Yong Soon 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim(s): In Korea, life expectancy has continuously increased due to the development of medical technology and the improvement of the economic level, and efforts and interest in living a healthy life without suffering from diseases during the increased life expectancy are increasing. The elderly can achieve healthy aging by maintaining and promoting cognitive ability, physical function, mental function, and social function by practicing health-promotion behavior, and can improve the quality of life in old age. This study was attempted to develop the Korean Geriatric Health Promotion Behavior Scale (K-GHPBS), and to verify the reliability and validity of this scale. Method(s): Process for development and evaluation the validity of the K-GHPBS was designed based on DeVellis" scale development guidelines, and proceeded to the development phase and the validation phase of the scale. In the development phase of the scale, a conceptual framework was established after an extensive review of the literature, and using original questions. 45 initial items were derived based on in-depth interviews with 16 older adults. The applicability of this study was confirmed after verifying the content validity of the 10 experts and by conducting preliminary research on 20 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older. During the verification phase, data were collected throughout October to November 2019 from 300 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older. The collected data were verified using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity and criterion validity. Reliability was verified by calculating the internal consistency index, KR-20, and test-retest reliability. Result(s): The initial the K-GHPBS"s Item-level content validity (I-CVI) value was .80∼1.00 and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) value was .97. As a result of an exploratory factor analysis using 42 items selected from the item analysis, 28 items for 5 factors were extracted 52.51% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed 5 factors including 23 items explaining and 5 distinct factors were ‘exercise and physical activity’, ‘chronic disease management’, ‘healthy lifestyle’, ‘maintain cognitive function’ and ‘acceptance with optimism’. In this study, there was a positive correlation (r=.39, p<.001) between the Health Self Rating Scale and the K-GHPBS, indicating that convergent validity was established. There was an inverse correlation (r=-.16, p=.006) between the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF) and the K-GHPBS, indicating that discriminant validity was established. According to the depression score, the mild depression and normal group had higher K-GHPBS scores than the depression group (F=4.67, p=.010). Criterion–related validity compared to the HPLPⅡ showed significant correlation (r=.60, p<.001). Reliability was verified by evaluating stability by performing a 4-week test-retest on 23 elderly subjects Pearson"s correlation coefficient was .98. and internal consistency reliability KR-20 was .79. Conclusion(s): The K-GHPBS developed in this study were consistent as a self-report questionnaire with a total of 5 factors 23 items. Each item was composed using the ‘yes or no’ binary scale. The K-GHPBS is a scale that can measure the health-promotion behavior for aged in a multidimensional manner and has validity and reliability.

국내 소진척도 개발 및 사용 현황과 과제

황매향,박알뜨리,김혜랑 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2022 교육과학연구 Vol.53 No.3

이 연구는 심리적 소진 연구에서 사용되는 국내 소진척도 개발 현황을 살펴보고 향후 심리적 소진척도 개발에 있어 시사점을 얻기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 국내에서 사용되고 있는 심리적 소진척도 27개를 수집하였으며, 이들의 연도별 연구의 흐름, 대상별 소진척도의 특성 및 한계점을 살펴보고, 각 척도의 하위 구성 요인을 분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내에서는 2000년 이후 대부분의 소진 관련 척도 연구들이 등장하였으며, 분석 대상 논문의 과반수가 최근 10년간 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다양한 대상에 따라 소진척도를 개발하여 사용하고 있지만, 특히 교사 및 학생에 대한 소진척도 개발 연구의 비중이 컸다. 셋째, MBI척도처럼 소진 증상을 측정하는 척도와 MBI에서는 측정하지 않는 직무환경 변인을 측정하는 척도로 분류되었다. 또한 소진 증상을 측정하는 경우, MBI의 하위 구성 요인을 모두 측정하고 있는 척도와 하위 요인 중 일부만 포함하는 척도로 분류되었다. 특히, 지속적으로 제기되고 있는 MBI 척도의 한계를 극복하기 위해 국내의 문화적 특성 및 직무의 특성을 반영한 척도 개발이 필요함을 확인하였다. 이 연구에서는 기존 척도의 한계점을 보완하여 국내 일반직 종사자들이 고유하게 경험하는 소진의 특성이 반영된 척도가 개발되어야 함을 후속 과제로 제안하였다. This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the development status of scales used in psychological research on burnout in Korea and determining implications for the development of a psychological burnout scale in the future. For this study, we collected 27 psychological burnout scales developed, validated, and adapted in Korea, and examined the flow of research by year, characteristics, and limitations of the burnout scales by subject, and analyzed the sub-factors of each scale. The results are as follows. First, in Korea, most psychological burnout scales have appeared since 2000, and more than half of the analyzed papers have been published in the last 10 years. Second, psychological burnout scales were developed, validated, and adapted according to various subjects, but psychological burnout studies on teachers and students were the most common. Third, they were classified into scales that measure burnout symptoms like the MBI scale and scales that measure work environment variables that are not measured by the MBI. In addition, when measuring the symptoms of burnout, they were classified into scales that measure all sub-components of the MBI and scales that include only some of the sub-factors. To overcome the frequently cited limitations of the MBI scale, it will be necessary to develop a scale that reflects the characteristics of Korean culture and work environment. It seems that a scale that can be used by overcoming the limitations of the existing scale for general occupational groups should be developed.

위험군 영아에 대한 발달 평가: 한국 Bayley 영 유아 발달검사의 행동평정 척도를 중심으로

오명호,이인규,이희정 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2005 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.18 No.1

This study was designed to explore behavior and developmental evaluation in preterms at risk, full-terms at risk, and normal infants. Specifically the purposes of the study were to investigate behavior rating scale based on Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Ⅱ(K-BSID-Ⅱ)(2004). The subjects were 116 infants, 39 preterms at risk infants, 38 full-terms at risk infants and 39 normal infants. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis, a correlation and multiple regrression test to examine the behavioral ratings. It was shown that there were significant differences among three groups in attention/arousal, orientation/engagement and motor quality and the sum of the behavior rating scale. In the terms of behavior rating scale, mental developmental index and psychomotor developmental index, preterms at risk-, full-terms at risk-, and normal infants showed substantial corrrelations to each other. There were some differences on the behavior rating scale depending on the age of the subjects. For the infants of 1 to 5 months of age, mental development index and pyschomotor develpoment index are correlated while behavior rating scale and psychomotor development index are correlated for the infants of 6 to 12 months of age. Authors discussed in terms of canalization theory and future infant developmental study. 본 연구는 평균 연령 5.6개월의 일반아 39명, 미숙 위험아 38명 및 만삭 위험아 39명의 행동과 발달을 소아과 의사와 심리학자간 다 학제적 접근을 통하여 비교하고자 한 탐색적 연구이다. 측정도구로는 한국 Bayley 영 유아 발달검사(2004)의 인지척도와 동작 척도 및 행동 평정 척도(Behavior Rating Scale: BRS)를 사용하였다. 1-5개월 및 6-12개월 영아에 대하여 각 집단별 인지 지수와 동작지수 및 행동평정 척도에서의 주의/각성 척도, 과제 지향성 척도, 정서 조절 척도와 동작 수준 척도를 비교하였으며, 행동 평정 척도와 인지 및 동작 지수 간 상관 관계와 행동평정 척도 총점을 설명하는 변인을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 1-5개월 영아의 경우, 인지 및 동작 지수, 주의/각성, 동작 수준 및 행동평정 총점에서 집단 간 차이가 나타났으며, 6-12개월 영아의 경우, 인지 및 동작 지수, 과제 지향성, 동작 수준과 행동평정 척도 총점에서 집단 간 차이가 나타났다. 행동평정척도는 1-5개월 및 6-12개월 각각에서 집단별 인지 지수와 동작 지수와의 관련성도 높게 나타났다. 1-5개월 행동평정 척도를 설명하는 변인은 인지 지수와 동작 지수였으며, 6-12개월 행동평정 척도를 설명하는 변인은 동작 지수였다. 이상의 결과로 토대로 이론적 및 방법론적 추후 연구에 관하여 논의하였다.

대학생의 일본에 대한 태도 척도 개발 연구 : Thurstone 척도 개발 원리 적용

박은숙 ( Eun Sook Park ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육문화연구 Vol.26 No.5

본 연구에서는 대학생의 일본에 대한 태도 척도를 개발하고 타당화했다. 개발된 일본에 대한 태도 척도는 Thurstone등간척도이다. 척도개발을 위해서 교육대학원 학생 25명이 일본에 대한 긍정적·중립적·부정적 태도를 나타내는 진술문을 개발하였다. 개발된 진술문은 88명의 대학생이 평정하였고 교육학 교수 2인이 문항검토를 하였다. 다양한 척도의 문항 선정을 위해 표준편차와 평균을 고려하여 예비문항을 선정하였다. 38명의 대학생을 대상으로 문항양호도 검증을 위한 재검사를 실시하였고 Thurstone 척도와 Likert 척도의 비교검사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 66개의 진술문 중에서 표준편차와 평균을 고려하여 18개의 문항을 선정하였다. 척도값은 최하 2.6에서 최고 8.7의 값을 가지며 0.8에서 1.7의 표준편차를 나타내고 있다. 둘째, 검사의 안정성을 확인하기 위해 1주일 간격으로 재검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 검사-재검사의 상관계수는 r=.823으로 신뢰수준 0.01에서 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 척도의 타당도 검증을 위해 단일특성-중다방법 접근의 수렴타당도를 실시하였다. 즉, Thurstone 척도에서 선택-비선택 문항에 대한 Likert 척도의 평균차이 검증 결과는 신뢰수준 0.01에서 유의하게 나타났다. 연구결과에 의해 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 첫째, 대학생의 일본에 대한 태도 척도는 2.6에서 8.7의 척도값을 지닌 18문항이다. 둘째, 재검사신뢰도를 통해 대학생의 일본에 대한 태도 척도는 안정성이 있음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 단일특성-중다방법 접근을 통해 일본에 대한 태도 척도의 타당성을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 검사의 범람화 시대에 응답자의 수고를 줄이기 위한 Thurston 척도를 개발하였다는 것에 연구의 의의가 있다고 하겠다. The purpose of this study was to develop the scale for measure of attitude toward Japan for college students. The scale is based on the Thurstone isometric scale. To develop the scale, 25 graduate school students developed statements that showed positive, neutral, and negative attitudes toward Japan. The developed statement was evaluated by 88 college students, and two educational department professors reviewed the questionary. In order to select items on various scales, preliminary items were selected considering standard deviation and average. For 38 college students, retests were conducted to verify item goodness and comparative tests were conducted between the Thurstone scale and the Likert scale. The research results are as follows. First, among the 66 statements, 18 items were selected considering the standard deviation and average. The scale values ranged from the lowest 2.6 to the highest 8.7 and the standard deviation from 0.8 to 1.7. Second, in order to confirm the stability of the test, retests were performed at intervals of one week. Third, to verify the validity of the scale, the convergence validity of the single characteristic-multiple approach was implemented. That is, in the Thurstone scale, the result of verifying the average difference of the Likert scales for the non-selected questions was found to be significant at the confidence level of 0.01. Based on the research results, the following conclusions can be drawn. First, the attitude scale toward Japan is 18 questions with a scale value of 2.6 to 8.7. Second, it can be seen from the reliability of re-examination that the measure of attitude toward Japan is stable. Third, the validity of the attitude scale toward Japan was confirmed through a single-multiple approach. This study is meaningful in that it developed the Thurston scale to reduce the labor of respondents on the flooding of tests.

대규모 토지개발사업의 전개과정 및 사업추진 특성 분석

이삼수(Sam-Su Lee),유현지(Hyeon-Ji Yu) 한국도시행정학회 2010 도시 행정 학보 Vol.23 No.3

This study focuses on the process of large scale public development and urban development project types during two periods between 1999 and 2008 in urban development plan regions. Using statistical methods, this study examines the developer of urban development plan and the present status of development project progresses. Moreover, this study investigated to project periods in urban development act. The result of this study is as follows. The first, large scale public development led to variety changes of the developer and development project types. The second, urban development project types was largely expanded in large scale public developments. However, it did not be properly operated with developers of urban projects. The third, project periods of the urban development plan shows properties of urban development project types and the developer. And the last, large scale public development is promoted by the relation land ownership, development pressures and regional characteristics in business districts. From empirical studies, we found that there was no distinction between large scale public development and residential land development projects. Therefore, we will suppose to improve of project systems in existing urban development project types.

중·고등학생을 위한 진로메타인지 척도 개발 및 타당화

김태승,이동혁,고윤경,서희주,김혜윤,천재운 한국진로교육학회 2023 진로교육연구 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 중·고등학생을 위한 진로메타인지 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 진로메타인지의 구성개념에 근거하여 예비문항 60개를 구성 후 전문가 내용타당도를 총 3명(박사 3명)에게 검증하였다. 이후 중·고등학생 3명에게 안면타당도를 검증하고 반영하여 수정된 문항으로 중·고등학생 400명씩 2회에 걸쳐 총 800명에게 문항 선정을 위한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 1차 조사는 400명의 자료를 분석하여 60문항에서 20문항을 추출하였다. 이후 2차 조사는 중·고등학생 400명에게 실시하여 최종 18문항을 선정하였다. 최종 선정된 문항의 타당화를 위하여 중·고등학생 200명에게 설문조사를 실시하였다. 타당화 도구로는 메타인지 척도(State Metacognition Inventory; SMI), 진로개발역량검사 중 진로설계역량 척도를 활용하였다. 타당화를 위해 기술통계 및 상관분석, 신뢰도 검증, 확인적 요인분석, 수렴타당도, 판별타당도를 확인한 결과, 중·고등학생 진로메타인지 척도가 안정적인 요인구조와 신뢰도를 지니고 있음을 확인하였다. 중·고등학생을 위한 진로메타인지 척도의 전체적인 모형 적합도는 Bartlett 구형성 검증 χ2 = 1422.025(df=153, p<.000) CFI는 .941, TLI는 .930으로 상대적 적합도 지수에서 현실적으로 적합함이 검증되었다. 절대적 적합도 지수 RMSEA는 .058로 양호한 적합도를 보였다. 또한 Cronbach’s α는 계획 .82, 평가 .85, 조절 .79, 모니터링 .90으로 모든 요인에서 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 전체 문항의 Cronbach’s α는 .89로 확인되었다. 이를 통해 선행연구에서 검증된 대학생 진로메타인지 척도의 구성개념이 중·고등학생에게도 유사하게 적용된다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 중·고등학생용 진로메타인지 척도를 개발하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였으며, 이를 통해 추후 진로메타인지 척도를 활용한 다양한 진로 분야의 연구 영역을 확장하였다는 의의가 있다. 이런 연구결과를 바탕으로 중·고등학생용 진로메타인지 척도 개발 및 타당화의 의의와 시사점에 대하여 논의하였다. This study develops and validates a career metacognition scale for middle·highschool stundents. For this purpose, 60 preliminary questions were constructed based on the concept of career metacognition, and the content validity was verified by a total of 3 experts (3 doctors). Afterwards, face validity was verified and reflected on three middle and high school students, and a preliminary survey to select questions was conducted on a total of 800 students twice, with 400 middle and high school students each, using the revised questions. Data from 400 people in the first preliminary survey were analyzed and 20 questions were extracted from 60 questions. Afterwards, a second preliminary survey was conducted on 400 middle and high school students, and the final 18 questions were selected. To validate the final selected questions, a survey was conducted on 200 middle and high school students. As validation tools, the State Metacognition Inventory (SMI) and the career design competency scale from the career development competency test were used. Validation included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, reliability verification, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. As a result, it was confirmed that the youth career metacognition scale had a stable factor structure and reliability. The overall model fit of the career metacognitive scale for middle·highschool stundents was Bartlett test of sphericity χ2 = 1422.025 (df=153, p<.000), CFI was .941, and TLI was .930, which was verified as realistic fit based on the relative fit index. The absolute fit index RMSEA was .058, showing good fit. In addition, Cronbach’s α was found to be good for all factors, with planning at .82, evaluation at .85, control at .79, and monitoring at .90, and Cronbach’s α for all questions was found to be .89. Through this, it was confirmed that the concept of the college student career metacognition scale verified in previous studies was similarly applied to middle·highschool stundents, especially middle and high school students. In addition, a career metacognition scale for middle·highschool stundents was developed and reliability and validity were confirmed, which is significant in expanding the scope of future research in various career fields using the career metacognition scale. Based on these research results, the significance and implications of developing and validating a career metacognition scale for middle·highschool stundents were discussed.

청소년 사이버폭력 피해 척도개발 및 타당화

정여주(Chung, Yeoju),김한별(Kim, Hanbyul),전아영(Jeon, Ahyoung) 한국열린교육학회 2016 열린교육연구 Vol.24 No.3

연구는 청소년 사이버폭력 척도를 개발하고 타당하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 예비문항을 개발한 후, 예비조사 272명, 본조사 1105명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구도구로는 선행연구를 통해 추출한 예비조사 문항과 사이버폭력 경험 척도, 인터넷 중독 자가진단척도가 활용되었다. 기존의 연구들을 바탕으로 65개의 예비조사 문항을 설문지 형태로 만든 후 예비조사를 실시하고 평균이 낮은 일부 문항은 삭제하여 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과를 통해 구인별로 잘 묶이지 않는 문항들은 삭제하고, 요인부하량이 높은 문항들을 선별하여, 언어폭력, 명예훼손, 플레이밍,음란물, 따돌림으로 구성된 총 5요인 18문항이 확정되었다. 본 조사 결과, 전체 신뢰도는 Cronbach’s Alpha 값이 .931로 나타났으며, 사이버 폭력검사, 스마트미디어 중독척도, 인터넷 중독 자가진단척도와의 하위구인과 유의미한 상관을 보여 준거타당도를 확보하였다. 구인타당도 분석 결과 NFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA가 .962, .961, .971, .053으로 나타나 모형의 적합도를 확인할 수 있었다 The purpose of this study was to develop and validate adolescents cyberbullying victimization scale. After preliminary items were developed based on previous studies, 272 preliminary survey subjects, and 1105 main survey subjects participated in this study. The research scales for this study were preliminary survey items, Cyberbullying Inspection, Smartmedia Addiction Scale, and Internet Addiction Scale. Along with additional questions asking for validity checks, the scale was administered to 272 adolescents. For the development of this scale, 65 items were initially selected as preliminary items. Then, a final 18 items were selected according to the reliability test results for each subscale. The final scale consisted of five subdomains: (1) verbal violence, (2) defamation, (3) flaming, (4) obscene material,and (5) bullying. The results for the main survey was that high reliability (Cronbach’s á= .931) was confirmed, and support for the scale’s criterion validity has been demonstrated by relationship to the Cyberbullying Inspection, Smartmedia Addiction Scale, and Internet Addiction Scale. The results showed the five-factor structure to be valid, and demonstrated correlations among the subscales (NFI = .962, TLI = .961, CFI = .971, RMSEA = .053).

외모수용 척도의 개발과 타당화

이민주,손은정 한국상담학회 2015 상담학연구 Vol.16 No.6

This study aimed to develop and validate the Appearance Appreciation Scale (AAS) for college students. In research 1 for developing the scale, in addition to the translated version of the body appreciation scale, items and a subscale were added based on the review of theoretical literature. The 64 items of preliminary scale were given to 418 college students. After item analyses and exploratory factor analyses, 29 items of 3 factors remained to constitute the final scale. The subscales of AAS are internal appreciation of appearance, appearance appreciation at a social situation and appearance appreciation behaviors. In research 2, this study verified the reliability and validity of the final scale among 406 college students. The estimates of confirmatory factor analysis provided a good fit to the data. The appearance appreciation scale had reasonable reliability, correlations between the subscale and construct validity. The results for reliability, correlations between the subscales, construct validity and concurrent validity confirmed the reliability and validity of the Appearance Appreciation Scale. Construct validity was confirmed by the correlation with the scales that measure body image(The Brief Body Dysmorphic Questionnaire, Body-Esteem Scale, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale). Besides them, AAS revealed significant concurrent validity with eating disorder, psychological well-being(Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Psychological Well-Being Scale, Eating Disorder Inventoy–2). The appearance appreciation scale developed in this study suggest implications in that it measured not the overall, but the specific features of body image multi-dimensionally. Moreover, it considered the social cultural influence on the appearance appreciation and added the social factor, the appearance appreciation at a social situation. However, this study was limited to college students, so the validation of the appearance appreciation scale for other targets would be needed for further study. 본 연구에서는 긍정적인 신체이미지를 측정하는 다차원적인 외모수용 척도를 개발하고 타당화하고자 하였다. 구체적인 과정을 살펴보면 첫째, 외모수용 척도를 개발하기 위해 Tylka, Avalos와 Wood- Barcalow(2005)의 신체수용 척도(BAS)를 번안하고 기존 요인들 외에 사회적 요인을 추가한 후, 선행 연구를 바탕으로 각 요인별로 문항을 추가 제작하여 총 64개 문항의 예비 척도를 구성하였다. 둘째, 418명의 대학생을 대상으로 예비 외모수용 척도에 응답하게 한 자료에 대해 문항분석과 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 최종 3개 요인, 29개 문항을 도출하였다. 각 하위요인은 개인 내적 외모수용, 사회적 상황에서의 외모수용, 외모수용 행동으로 나타났다. 셋째, 406명의 대학생을 대상으로 2차 조사를 실시하여 1차 조사에서 개발한 29개 문항 외모수용 척도에 대한 확인적 요인분석 결과 3개 요인 모형의 적합도 수준이 적절한 수준으로 나타났다. 넷째, 외모수용 척도의 신뢰도를 검증하였고 전체 척도 및 하위 요인별 신뢰도 수준은 모두 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 신체이미지를 측정하는 척도들(신체 불만족, 신체존중감, 객체화 신체의식)과의 상관관계를 통해 살펴본 구성 타당도는 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 섭식 장애 및 심리적 적응을 측정하는 척도(자아존중감 척도, 낙관성, 심리적 안녕감 척도장애)와의 상관을 통한 공인타당도 역시 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 척도는 외모에 대한 수용 정도를 다차원적으로 측정하였고 사회적 요인을 추가하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서 개발된 척도는 대학생들을 위한 도구이므로 추후 연구에서 다른 연령층을 대상으로 본 연구에서 개발한 척도의 타당성을 검증할 필요가 있다.