도시공원 식재유형별 탄소저장량, 연간 탄소흡수량 및 토양호흡량 비교 -천안시 두정공원을 중심으로-

한미경 ( Mi Kyoung Han ),김경진 ( Kyeong Jin Kim ),양금철 ( Keum Chul Yang ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구에서는 천안시 두정공원을 대상으로 도시공원의 식재유형별 수목의 탄소저장량, 연간 탄소흡수량, 연간 토양호흡량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 두정공원에서 소나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림을 선정하여 2012년 3월부터 2013년 2월까지 각 식재림을 분석하였다. 탄소저장량과 연간 탄소흡수량은 수목의 흉고직경을 이용한 상대생장식을 활용하여 산정하였고 토양호흡량은 Li-6400을 이용하여 측정하였다. 소나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림에서의 탄소저장량은 각각 17.36, 88.63, 115.38, 49.88tonC㏊-1 였고, 연간 탄소흡수량은 각각 1.04, 2.12, 6.47, 3.67 tonC㏊-1yr-1로 산정되었다. 개체목당 평균 연간 탄소흡수량은 소나무, 상수리나무, 아까시나무에서 각각 1.81, 17.86, 9.14㎏C·treeyr-1로 상수리나무가 가장 높았다. 평균 토양호흡량은 각 식재유형별로 2.20, 1.90, 2.47, 2.51μ㏖CO2m-2s-1로 측정되었고 연간 토양호흡량은 각각 6.66, 5.33, 7.20, 7.25 tonC㏊-1yr-1로 추정되었다. 본 조사지의 식재유형 중 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림이 탄소저장량과 연간 탄소흡수량이 가장 많아 공원의 탄소흡수원 역할에 크게 기여했고, 소나무식재림은 가장 적게 평가되었다. 본 연구결과는 이산화탄소 흡수원의 역할을 하는 도시공원 수목의 식재와 관리에 필요한 자료로 활용될 수 있다. This study has compared carbon storages, annual carbon uptakes and annual soil respiration by planting type in Dujeong park, Cheonan city. Four plantations were selected in Dujeong park: Pinus densiflora plantation, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. We investigated each plantations from February 2012 to March 2013. Carbon storage and annual carbon uptake in each plantations were calculated with allometric method (Lee, 2003), and soil respiration was measured by using LI-6400 (LI-COR). Carbon storages in Pinus densiflora plantation, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation were 17.36tonC㏊-1, 88.63tonC㏊-1, 115.38tonC㏊-1 and 49.88tonC㏊-1, and annual carbon uptakes were 1.04 tonC ㏊-1yr-1, 2.12 tonC㏊-1yr-1, 6.47 tonC㏊-1yr-1 and 3.67 tonC㏊-1yr-1, respectively. Average annual carbon uptakes per tree of Pinus densiflora plantation, Quercus acutissima community and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation were 1.81㎏C·treeyr-1, 17.86㎏C·treeyr-1 and 9.14㎏C·treeyr-1 and Quercus acutissima was the greatest. The amounts of carbon released from soil respiration in the same four plantations were 2.20μ㏖ CO2m-2s-1, 1.90μ㏖ CO2m-2s-1, 2.47μ㏖ CO2m-2s-1 and 2.51μ㏖ CO2m-2s-2, and annual soil respiration were estimated 6.66 tonC㏊-1yr-1, 5.33 tonC㏊-1yr-1, 7.20 tonC㏊-1yr-1 and 7.25 tonC㏊-1yr-1, respectively. In this study area, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudoacacia plantation has a significant contribution to the role of carbon sink. However, the contribution of Pinus densiflora plantation was evaluated less. The results of this study can be used as the necessary data for tree planting and management in urban park.

In vivo Pathogenicity Test of Oak Wilt Fungus (Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae) on Oriental Chestnut Oak (Quercus acutissima)

Yi, Su Hee,Lee, Jin Heung,Seo, Sang Tae,Lee, Jong Kyu Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

Since the first report of the oak wilt disease at 2004 in Korea, the disease distributed over Korean peninsula and are still giving severe damages. The management of oak wilt disease in Korea has mainly focused on the control of insect vector, Platypus koryoensis. Neverthless the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of the pathogen, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae (Rqm), and for screening chemical or biological agents with strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen, is absolutely necessary, an reliable method is not available so far. This study was conducted to develop the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of Rqm in oak trees. The culture suspensions of Rqm were artificially injected to the saplings of Quercus acutissima by using ChemJet tree injector. Three months after treatments, the treated saplings were cut and dipped into 1% fuchsin acid solution. There were significant differences in non-conductive area (%), discoloration area (%) and vertical discoloration length between the pathogen-injected and distilled water-injected control treatments. These results indicated that the pathogen is the causal agent for the dysfunction of water conductive tissue, which will finally result in wilt symptom. Re-isolation of the pathogen and PCR detection using specific primers for the pathogen also confirmed the presence of Rqm in the sapwood chips of the pathogen-injected saplings. These observations would be greatly applied to other related researches for evaluating the pathogenicity of tree wilt pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of the selected antagonistic microorganisms, in case that the wilt symptom is not easily shown by artificial inoculation of the causal agent.

딥러닝 기반의 식생 모니터링 가능성 평가

김동우,손승우 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This study proposes a method for forest vegetation monitoring using high-resolution aerial imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) and deep learning technology. The research site was selected in the forested area of Mountain Dogo, Asan City, Chungcheongnam-do, and the target species for monitoring included Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus acutissima. To classify vegetation species at the pixel level in UAV imagery based on characteristics such as leaf shape, size, and color, the study employed the semantic segmentation method using the prominent U-net deep learning model. The research results indicated that it was possible to visually distinguish Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, and Quercus acutissima Carruth in 135 aerial images captured by UAV. Out of these, 104 images were used as training data for the deep learning model, while 31 images were used for inference. The optimization of the deep learning model resulted in an overall average pixel accuracy of 92.60, with mIoU at 0.80 and FIoU at 0.82, demonstrating the successful construction of a reliable deep learning model. This study is significant as a pilot case for the application of UAV and deep learning to monitor and manage representative species among climate-vulnerable vegetation, including Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus acutissima. It is expected that in the future, UAV and deep learning models can be applied to a variety of vegetation species to better address forest management.

In vivo Pathogenicity Test of Oak Wilt Fungus (Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae) on Oriental Chestnut Oak (Quercus acutissima)

이수희,이진흥,서상태,이종규 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

Since the first report of the oak wilt disease at 2004 in Korea, the disease distributed over Korean peninsula and are still giving severe damages. The management of oak wilt disease in Korea has mainly focused on the control of insect vector, Platypus koryoensis. Neverthless the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of the pathogen, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae (Rqm), and for screening chemical or biological agents with strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen, is absolutely necessary, an reliable method is not available so far. This study was conducted to develop the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of Rqm in oak trees. The culture suspensions of Rqm were artificially injected to the saplings of Quercus acutissima by using ChemJet tree injector. Three months after treatments, the treated saplings were cut and dipped into 1% fuchsin acid solution. There were significant differences in non-conductive area (%), discoloration area (%) and vertical discoloration length between the pathogen-injected and distilled water-injected control treatments. These results indicated that the pathogen is the causal agent for the dysfunction of water conductive tissue, which will finally result in wilt symptom. Re-isolation of the pathogen and PCR detection using specific primers for the pathogen also confirmed the presence of Rqm in the sapwood chips of the pathogen-injected saplings. These observations would be greatly applied to other related researches for evaluating the pathogenicity of tree wilt pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of the selected antagonistic microorganisms, in case that the wilt symptom is not easily shown by artificial inoculation of the causal agent.

In vivo Pathogenicity Test of Oak Wilt Fungus (Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae) on Oriental Chestnut Oak (Quercus acutissima)

Su Hee Yi,Jin Heung Lee,Sang Tae Seo,Jong Kyu Lee 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

Since the first report of the oak wilt disease at 2004 in Korea, the disease distributed over Korean peninsula and are still giving severe damages. The management of oak wilt disease in Korea has mainly focused on the control of insect vector, Platypus koryoensis. Neverthless the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of the pathogen, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae (Rqm), and for screening chemical or biological agents with strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen, is absolutely necessary, an reliable method is not available so far. This study was conducted to develop the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of Rqm in oak trees. The culture suspensions of Rqm were artificially injected to the saplings of Quercus acutissima by using ChemJet tree injector. Three months after treatments, the treated saplings were cut and dipped into 1% fuchsin acid solution. There were significant differences in non-conductive area (%), discoloration area (%) and vertical discoloration length between the pathogen-injected and distilled water-injected control treatments. These results indicated that the pathogen is the causal agent for the dysfunction of water conductive tissue, which will finally result in wilt symptom. Re-isolation of the pathogen and PCR detection using specific primers for the pathogen also confirmed the presence of Rqm in the sapwood chips of the pathogen-injected saplings. These observations would be greatly applied to other related researches for evaluating the pathogenicity of tree wilt pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of the selected antagonistic microorganisms, in case that the wilt symptom is not easily shown by artificial inoculation of the causal agent.

Effects of windbreak Forest according to tree species and planting methods based on wind tunnel experiments

Seong-Hun Jeong,이상현 한국산림과학회 2020 Forest Science And Technology Vol.16 No.4

To provide a basis for the effective and efficient design of windbreak forests, wind tunnel tests were conducted to analyze the protection against wind afforded by the use of vari�ous species and various structures of planted trees. Various row-based planting structures were used in an attempt to find the most effective arrangement of a windbreak forest. Four types of structures were studied: a simple structure of coniferous trees (1, 2, or 3 rows of Pinus thunbergii), a simple structure of broadleaf trees (1, 2, or 3 rows of Quercus acutissima), mixed structure 1 (3 rows: P. thunbergii, Q. acutissima and P. thunbergii) and mixed structure 2 (3 rows: Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii and Q. acutissima). The testing mate�rials were 3-year-old P. thunbergii and 8-year-old Q. acutissima. As the height of the testing part was 2.0 m, the height of trees was cut to make it 1.5 m based. The trees were fixed in a vase of 30 cm (Width) 30 cm (Height). The experimental simulation model was designed 3meter (Width) 2meter (Height) 9 meter (Length). Putting porosity between trees aside, it was appropriate with the 7.5% of black ratio. All arrangements of P. thunbergii rows decreased the wind speed at every measurement point; especially, the 3-row struc�ture of P. thunbergii showed a wind speed reduction of more than 15% greater than the two single-row structures studied. The wind speed reduction of P. thunbergii was maxi�mized at a distance 1 m downwind from the last row, with wind speed increasing further downwind. Also, comparing the effect of decreasing wind speed according to the height in one-layered structure, middle-height marked the best decrease and lowered as it goes far from the middle-height. This can be explained with the cone-shaped water pipe. However, observing that the same phenomenon does not happen in three-layered struc�tures, it was found that the difference due to different shapes of the water pipe can be offset by adding a row of plants. Therefore, using the alternating structure of coniferous, broadleaf, and coniferous rows would be a better choice, offering a similar effect with less risk of loss to disease and insects.

Mycorrhization of Quercus acutissima with Tuber borchii and Tuber melanosporum

Jung-Min Lee,Ahn-Heum Eom 한국균학회 2022 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.50 No.4

Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi that belong to the genus Tuber. They exhibit symbiotic relationships, particularly with oak (Quercus spp.) and hazel (Corylus spp.) trees. We performed an inoculation using a spore suspension to synthesize mycorrhizae between European truffles, Tuber borchii and Tuber melanosporum, and an indigenous oak species, Quercus acutissima. This resulted in the formation of mycorrhizae within 2 months after inoculation. Despite having the same host plant, differences in features were observed between Tuber species, including color and mantle type. These results indicate that Q. acutissima is a suitable host plant for truffle cultivation in Korea and provide a better understanding of the mycorrhization of T. borchii and T. melanosporum.

Influence of Initial Seedling Size and Root Pruning Intensity on Growth of Transplanting Seedling of Quercus acutissma

Na, Sung-Joon,Lee, Do-Hyung,Kim, In-Sik The Plant Resources Society of Korea 2013 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.26 No.6

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of root pruning intensity in combination with different initial seedling size on the growth of transplanting seedlings of Quercus acutissima. One-year-old seedlings were divided into three groups depending on their height, i.e. small (< 15 cm), medium (25-35 cm) and large size (35 cm <). Root of seedlings was pruned by three intensity such as, leaving 5 cm (severe), 10 cm (medium) and 15 cm (light) of taproot from the root-collar. After one year, we investigated survival rate, height and root-collar diameter (RCD) increment and final shoot dry weight. Also we measured characteristics of newly developed lateral roots such as number, total length, dry weight and diameter. Severe root pruning showed the lowest survival rate in all seedling size. Height increment, RCD increment and shoot dry weight were decreased with increasing intensity of root pruning. Seedlings of medium and light root pruning showed similar above-ground growth and dry weight of lateral roots. More large seedlings showed good survival rate, height increment and final shoot dry mass in all root pruning intensity. Therefore, one-year-old seedlings of Q. acutissima should be pruned taproot by 10 cm and transplanted to obtain excellent performance and increase the efficiency of transplanting work. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that applying to different root pruning intensity depending on initial seedling size for producing 2-year-old seedlings with excellent growth and high quality.

해파리 비료 시비처리가 상수리나무 유묘의 광합성과 엽록소 함량에 미치는 영향

이경철,전근우,김석우,윤주웅,김용래,이창우,서동진,한상균 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.53 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of jellyfish Fertilizer level on thephotosynthetic responses and chlorophyll contents in seedling of Quercus acutissima. Thetreatments were regulated with the five different treatments (non-treated, 1.6, 2.7, 5.5, and 11.1 g/kg). The addition of jellyfish fertilizer increased soil water contents and leaf water potential. This canbe attributed to the colloidal of jellyfish fertilizer, enhancing the soil water-holding capacity. Thephotosynthetic activity of 1.6 g/kg treatment such as maximum photosynthesis rate, stomatalconductance, stomatal transpiration rate, Fv/Fm and Soil to leaf specific hydraulic conductance were clearly increased. And also, 1.6 g/kg treatment showed relatively better chlorophyll andcarotenoid contents and Fv/Fo. Similarly, The 2.7 g/kg treatment also showed relatively highphotosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents. However, non-treated were shown the oppositetrend. Especially, the photosynthetic activity of the 11.1 g/kg treatment exhibited the lowest inspite of higher soil water contents. This implies that physiological disturbance may be due toexcessive fertilization. In conclusion, the 1.6 g/kg and 2.7 g/kg jellyfish fertilization increases soilwater-holding capacity and photosynthetic activity of Q. acutissima seedling. 이 연구는 해파리 비료 시비처리 수준에 따른 상수리나무 유묘의 광합성 반응과 엽록소 함량 변화를 알아보기 위해 수행되었으며, 시비처리는 5가지로 조절하였다(무시비처리구, 1.6 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg, 5.5 g/kg과 11.1 g/kg). 해파리 비료 시비처리시 토양수분함량과 잎의 수분포텐셜은 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 해파리 비료의 콜로이드 특성이 토양의 수분보유력을 높이는 것을 알 수 있다. 1.6 g/kg 처리구에서 최대광합성속도, 기공증산속도, 기공전도도, Fv/Fm 및 토양-엽 수리전도도 등 전반적인 광합성 활성이 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 엽록소와 카로테노이드 함량 및 Fv/Fo 역시 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이와 유사하게2.7 g/kg 처리구 역시 광합성 활성과 엽록소 함량이 높은 것으로(p<0.05) 나타났으나 무처리구는 이와반대되는 경향을 보였다. 특히 11.1 g/kg 처리구 경우 토양수분함량은 가장 높았으나 잎의 수분포텐셜은상대적으로 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 과도한 시비에 따른 생리적인 장애로 생각된다. 결론적으로 1.6 g/kg과 2.7 g/kg 해파리 비료 시비처리시 상수리나무 유묘의 토양수분 보유력과 광합성 활성이 증가됨을 알수 있다.

상수리나무 육종채종원에서 유전간벌 모형에 따른 개량효과 및 유전다양성 추정

나성준,이효신,강규석,한상억,김인식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.2

The objectives of the present study are to estimate the genetic gain and diversity of orchard seeds by thinning methods and intensities in a breeding seedling seed orchard of Qurecus acutissima and to identify the optimal thinning method and intensity for the efficient management of seed orchard. The three scenarios of genetic thinning (intensities; ranged from 10% to 90%, interval of 10%) were theoretically simulated as 1) Individual thinning (superior individuals were selected for stem volume), 2) Family thinning (superior families were selected, regardless of individual performance), and 3) Family+within family thinning (family thinning first and then individual thinning from the selected family; the number of seedlings selected from each family was linearly proportional to the breeding value of the family). Also we estimated the genetic diversity of seed based on the concept of effective population size). Individual thinning scenario provided the highest genetic gain at all thinning intensities that gave the lowest diversity. Family thinning scenario produced the lowest genetic gain that coupled with the highest diversity, but the lowest family size. Family+within family thinning was the best scenario; moderate family size, high genetic gain and diversity. The thinning intensity of 60 percent was the best option for all scenarios. Therefore, family+within family thinning scenario with 60% intensity was suggested for the management of the seed orchard of Q. acutissima. 본 연구는 19년생 상수리나무 육종실생채종원에서 다양한 유전간벌 모형(간벌 방법 및 강도)에 따른 개량효과와 유전다양성을 추정함으로써, 본 채종원에 적합한 유전간벌 방법 및 강도를 선정하기 위해 실시하였다. 간벌 방법은 개체간벌, 가계간벌, 가계+가계 내 개체간벌을 적용하였으며, 간벌강도는 10% 단위로 10∼90%의 간벌강도를 적용하였다. 개체간벌은 모든 간벌강도에서 가장 높은 개량효과가 나타났지만, 유효집단크기를 이용하여 추정한 유전다양성은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 가계간벌은 가장 높은 유전다양성이 나타났지만, 잔존 가계수가 적고 개량효과가 극히 낮아 본 채종원에 적용할 간벌 방법으로는 부적절하였다. 가계+가계 내 개체간벌에서 높은 개량효과가 추정되면서, 안정된 유전다양성이 유지되었다. 간벌강도는 가계수와 유전다양성이 일정하게 유지되면서, 높은 개량효과를 얻을 수 있는 60%의 간벌강도가 적절한 것으로 생각되었다. 결론적으로 본 상수리나무 육종실생채종원 관리를 위하여 개량효과를 높이면서 유전다양성을 안정적으로 유지할 수 있는 가계+가계내 개체간벌 방안을 제시하는 바이다. 또한 상수리나무 채종원 관리자는 목적하는 개량효과 달성 및 유전다양성 유지에 필요한 유전간벌 강도를 설정할 수 있을 것이다.