Dynamically Alternating Power Saving Scheme for IEEE 802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems

Chang, Jau-Yang,Lin, Yu-Chen The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

Power saving is one of the most important features that extends the lifetime of portable devices in mobile wireless networks. The IEEE 802.16e mobile broadband wireless access system adopts a power saving mechanism with a binary truncated exponent algorithm for determining sleep intervals. When using this standard power saving scheme, there is often a delay before data packets are received at the mobile subscriber station (MSS). In order to extend the lifetime of a MSS, the battery energy must be used efficiently. This paper presents a dynamically alternating sleep interval scheduling algorithm as a solution to deal with the power consumption problem. We take into account different traffic classes and schedule a proper sequence of power saving classes. The window size of the sleep interval is calculated dynamically according to the packet arrival rate. We make a tradeoff between the power consumption and packet delay. The method achieves the goal of efficiently reducing the listening window size, which leads to increased power saving. The performance of our proposed scheme is compared to that of the standard power saving scheme. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our power saving scheme and its ability to strike the appropriate performance balance between power saving and packet delay for a MSS in an IEEE 802.16e mobile broadband wireless access system.

Dynamically Alternating Power Saving Scheme for IEEE 802.16e Mobile BroadbandWireless Access Systems

Jau-Yang Chang,Yu-Chen Lin 한국통신학회 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

Power saving is one of the most important features that extends the lifetime of portable devices in mobile wireless networks. The IEEE 802.16e mobile broadband wireless access system adopts a power saving mechanism with a binary truncated exponent algorithm for determining sleep intervals. When using this standard power saving scheme, there is often a delay before data packets are received at the mobile subscriber station (MSS). In order to extend the lifetime of aMSS, the battery energy must be used efficiently. This paper presents a dynamically alternating sleep interval scheduling algorithm as a solution to deal with the power consumption problem.We take into account different traffic classes and schedule a proper sequence of power saving classes. The window size of the sleep interval is calculated dynamically according to the packet arrival rate. We make a tradeoff between the power consumption and packet delay. The method achieves the goal of efficiently reducing the listening window size, which leads to increased power saving. The performance of our proposed scheme is compared to that of the standard power saving scheme. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our power saving scheme and its ability to strike the appropriate performance balance between power saving and packet delay for aMSS in an IEEE 802.16e mobile broadband wireless access system.

Delay 정보를 이용한 LTE 기지국의 Power Saving 메커니즘

이승환(Seunghwan Lee),이승형(Seunghyong Rhee),최용훈(Yonghoon Choi),박수원(Suwon Park) 한국정보과학회 2010 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.37 No.3

시스템에서 UE의 QoS를 보장하면서 효율적인 power saving을 위해 본 논문에서는 delay 정보를 이용하여 3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project) 규격에서 제시한 DRX/DTX(Discontinuous. Reception/Transmission)의 차등적 적용 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 MAC 프로토콜은 LTE 기지국에서 각 UE의 QoS를 고려하여 적응적으로 DRX/DTX 주기를 제어한다. UE의 패킷 delay가 적은 경우에 DRX/DTX 주기를 늘려 에너지를 절약하고 패킷 delay가 커지면 기지국의 DRX/DTX 주기를 줄여 delay를 줄이고 UE의 QoS를 보장한다. DRX/DTX의 차등적용에 따른 모의실험 결과 제안된 power saving 방식은 DRX/DTX를 상황에 따라 변화시키지 않는 방식에 비해 개선된 power saving 성능을 제공하며 특히 상황에 맞게 DRX/DTX를 설정하여 UE의 요구사항을 충족시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 LTE 기지국과 UE가 통신하는 환경에서 기지국의 에너지를 절약할 수 있는 MAC protocol을 제안하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 성능이 향상되었음을 확인한다. This thesis proposes a power saving MAC protocol for LTE base station which utilizes different graded DRX/DTX(Discontinuous. Reception/Transmission) that specified by 3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project). Considering QoS in UE, proposed MAC protocol controls adaptive DRX/DTX cycle. When Packet delay of UE is less than normal time, LTE base station economize power by increasing DRX/DTX. When Packet delay of UE is more than normal time, delay of UE is decreased by guaranteed QoS. It depends on the traffic which is sent by UE. The proposed method is more improve power saving performance than another method which is unchanged DRX/DTX by conditions. Especially when set DRX/DTX up in conditions, it will meet the requirements of UE. In this thesis, I propose an power saving MAC protocol in an environment where LTE base station are communicated with UE and prove improvement in performance through simulations.

데이터센터 서버의 전력사용량 패턴 기반 전력절감 관리시스템의 구현

이화정,정민영,김창근,김현주 한국지식정보기술학회 2020 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.1

Recently, the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution and the development of the internet environment have resulted in a rapid increase in internet users. According to IT consulting firms, the number of internet users in 2014 increased from 2.4 billion to 3.8 billion in 2017, an explosive increase of 42% in just three years. This rapid increase in internet users leads to increased data throughput on data center servers. This greatly affects the power consumption of the data center, which is one of the major causes of power consumption. In this paper, we implemented a power saving monitoring system based on the power usage pattern for individual servers in the data center. The proposed system implements a function to analyze the power consumption of individual servers in the form of hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly based on situational awareness technology. Through this, a power consumption pattern can be generated that reflects the usage characteristics of the server, and the generated power consumption pattern is reflected as the saving policy of the individual server, which can be registered in the system proposed in this paper and perform efficient power. Based on the proposed model, the virtual simulation result is expected to save about 5% of individual server power consumption.

IP 주소 제한을 이용한 PC 절전 시스템의 설계

김홍윤 (사)디지털산업정보학회 2013 디지털산업정보학회논문지 Vol.9 No.2

The green IT technology is being introduced in diverse sectors, especially in the data center and green computer sectors. Rack-type PCs, which have been developed by improving the computer hardware, are effective for data centers and large businesses, but they are not usually introduced in small organizations such as small and medium businesses and schools because they require high initial costs. Power-saving PC software enables the inexpensive power control, but the installation of the power-saving software in all computers in the organization is not an easy task. Computer users in the organization are usually not cooperative as they do not think the power-saving cost is directly related to themselves. In this paper, a technique wherein the server has a restriction in providing the IP address to the computers that has no power-saving software is proposed, so that users will cooperate in the PC power-saving system to avoid inconvenience. In order to provide restricted IP address periodically, the server makes a request of power-saving software installation check for user’s PC. Proposed technique is more effective ways to save computer energy, because it does not depend on specific systems or organizations.

Power-saving mechanisms for energy efficient IEEE 802.16e/m

Choi, J.,Kim, M.G.,Jeong, H.,Park, H.S. Academic Press 2012 JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - Vol.35 No.6

Efforts to reduce CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission regarded as a main reason of the green house effect are widely performed in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry. In particular, as fast growing mobile communications services consume more energy, there are wide efforts to increase energy efficiency in the area of Mobile Station (MS), radio Base Stations (BS), network controllers, and core networks. User's concern, however, is more focused on optimization of energy efficiency in MS with limited battery capacity, because MS consumes much energy for wide broadband data services in data-centric communications services with 4G technology rather than legacy voice-centric communications services. The key idea of power saving mechanism (PSM) in MS is to operate sleep-mode that the MS turns down main elements when there is no data to receive/transmit in order to save battery power. With legacy voice-centric communication services, traffic pattern is rather simple and well-known so that the sleep-mode of PSM is well operated. However, in 4G technology for various data-centric services power saving mechanism should be adaptive to changing traffic condition in order to achieve optimal energy efficiency. Thus, holistic perspective for power saving techniques is needed in consideration of characteristics of services and QoS constraints, multiple applications support, remained battery power, handover process, Multicast Broadcast Service (MBS) support, and so on. This paper surveys various power saving mechanisms proposed for IEEE 802.16e/m. We first present the basic operating mechanism of PSM and research issues for performance enhancement. Based on their limitations and potentials, we then review several proposals of PSM for IEEE 802.16m, an evolutional technology of IEEE 802.16e. It will be interesting for readers to observe that once PSM was standardized in IEEE 802.16e, many new ideas have been proposed to improve the performance of the original PSM, and some of them are survived and adopted to new standard technique in the advanced IEEE 802.16m.

GreenIoT Architecture for Internet of Things Applications

( Yi-wei Ma ),( Jiann-liang Chen ),( Yung-sheng Lee ),( Hsin-yi Chang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.2

A power-saving mechanism for smartphone devices is developed by analyzing the features of data that are received from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors devices to optimize the data processing policies. In the proposed GreenIoT architecture for power-saving in IoT, the power saving and feedback mechanism are implemented in the IoT middleware. When the GreenIoT application in the power-saving IoT architecture is launched, IoT devices collect the sensor data and send them to the middleware. After the scanning module in the IoT middleware has received the data, the data are analyzed by a feature evaluation module and a threshold analysis module. Based on the analytical results, the policy decision module processes the data in the device or in the cloud computing environment. The feedback mechanism then records the power consumed and, based on the history of these records, dynamically adjusts the threshold value to increase accuracy. Two smart living applications, a biomedical application and a smart building application, are proposed. Comparisons of data processed in the cloud computing environment show that the power-saving mechanism with IoT architecture reduces the power consumed by these applications by 24% and 9.2%.

대기전력차단으로 인한 에너지절약과 전기화재예방에 관한 연구

김만건,임성진,이창우,Kim, Man-Gun,Lim, Seong-Jin,Lee, Chang-Woo 한국화재조사학회 2008 한국화재조사학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구에서는 한국전기안전공사 서울지역본부 내 전기 전자 제품을 선정하여 각 기기의 전력사용량을 측정하고, 각 기기에 대해 대기전력 차단장치인 세이버 설치 전 후의 대기전력을 측정함으로서 평상시와 전원의 "OFF"시 대기전력을 비교함으로서 절전효과를 조사하였다. 연구결과 대기전력 차단장치인 세이버를 설치하였을 경우 전기 에너지 낭비요인을 원천적으로 제거함으로서 약 18%의 절전효과가 있었으며, 대기전력을 차단함으로서 전기화재를 근원적으로 예방하고 서지 등 이상전압에 의한 충격을 방지함으로서 전기 전자제품의 수명을 연장할 수 있었다. In this research, the electric power consumptions of the electrical machinery and appliances selected in the Seoul division of Korea Electrical Safety Corporation were measured. The power-saving efficiency was investigated by comparing the amounts of the reserved electric power when the Saver was on or off through measuring that of the reserved electric power before and after equipping the selected appliances with the Saver, a cutoff of the reserved electric power. As a result, the power-saving efficiency was around 18% when the Saver was installed. It can be ascribed to the removal of the source wasting electrical energy. Furthermore, by blocking the reserved electric power, the electric fire can be originally prevented and also the life time of the electrical machinery and appliances can be postponed.

에너지절감을 위한 태양광발전설비 연계형 경관조명 전력제어시스템의 개발

김동완(Dong-Wan Kim),박성원(Sung-Won Park) 대한전기학회 2010 전기학회논문지 P Vol.59 No.4

In this paper, we propose the landscape lighting power control system with solar sell generator equipment for energy saving, and also which is included the landscape lighting power transformation device. The power transformation device can check inverse current in the power of the solar cell module and control the power of the battery. And we present the design of landscape lighting power control system. The power control system uses microprocessor with charging system and power transformation device. And also it can control the power of loads under consideration intensity of illumination. The landscape lighting loads are composed of LED(Lighting Emitting Diode) and HID(High Intensity Discharge)lamps. To evaluate property, we installed the solar cell array which generate three kilo watt power. Experimental results show that the proposed system can have stability and energy saving on the mixed configuration of electric loads with DC and AC lamps.

802.11 practical improvements using low power technology

Vishal Bhargava,N.S. Raghava 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.5

The reliability and performance of WiFi need optimization because of the rising number of WiFi users day by day. A highlighted point is saving power while transmitting and receiving packets using WiFi devices. Wake-on–Wlan (WoW) is also implemented to improve energy consumption, but it also needs betterment. This paper will introduce universal ideas to transmit and receive packets using low-power technology like Bluetooth or BLE (Bluetooth low energy). While looking for power-saving ways in this research, WiFi connection and maintenance also take care using lesser power-consuming technology. Identifying different use-cases where low power technology can help save energy and maintain 802.11 connection is part of the research. In addition, the proposed method discuss energy saving with unicast and broadcast/multicast data. Calculation of power-saving and comparison with standalone WiFi usage clearly shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.