GIS 데이터에 기반한 건물인구 가중치 적용 ERAM 모델에 관한 연구

문성훈,PIAO GENSONG,최재필 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.35 No.1

This study proposes a new ERAM model with building population weighting. Previous studies of applying weightings on ERAM model onthe scale of urban space were focused on the relationship between the street and the human behavior. However, this study focuses on theinfluences that buildings give to human behavior and develops a building population weighted ERAM model. This research starts byanalyzing ERAM model to its basic compositions, which are adjacency matrix and row vector. It applies building population weighting to therow vector, while previous studies put weightings in the adjacency matrix. Building population weighted ERAM model calculates the buildingpopulation weighting based on GIS data, which provides objective and massive data of buildings in the urban scale. For the verification ofthe model, Insa-dong and Myeong-dong were analyzed with both ERAM model and building population weighted ERAM model. The resultswere analyzed through the correlation test with actual pedestrian population data of the two districts. As a result, the explanation ability ofbuilding population weighted ERAM model for the pedestrian population turned out to be higher than the ERAM model. Since buildingpopulation weighted ERAM model has the structure that can be combined with other weighted ERAM models, it is expected to develop amulti-weighted ERAM model with better explanation ability as a further study. 본 연구는 건물인구 가중치를 적용한 새로운 ERAM 모델을 제안한다. ERAM 모델에 가중치를 도입하는 선행연구들은 길의 관계에 따른 인간의 행태 변화에 주목하였다면, 이번 연구는 건물이 인간의 행태에 주는 영향에 초점을 맞추었다. 연구의 진행은 다음과 같다. ERAM 모델의 기본구조를 고찰하여 인접행렬과 행벡터의 성질을 연구하고 건물인구 가중치를 행벡터에 도입하는 아이디어를 얻는다. 건물인구 가중치는 GIS 데이터에 기반하여 산정하는 것으로, GIS 데이터를 사용하는 것은 도시에서 대량의 건물에 대한 객관적인 데이터를 얻는데 유용하다. 건물인구 가중치를 도입한 ERAM 모델을 제안하고 마지막으로 서울의 인사동과 명동에 건물인구 가중치 ERAM 모델을 도입하여 실제 유동인구 데이터와 상관분석을 통해 모델을 검증한다. 그 결과, 건물 가중치 ERAM 모델이 기본 ERAM 모델보다 해당 지역의 유동인구 데이터에 대한 설명력이 높았다. 건물인구 가중치와 선행연구들의 가중치를 통합 적용할 수 있는 ERAM 모델을 개발하는 것을 추후연구로 제안한다.

Relationship between body weight and postmenstrual age in a Korean pediatric population

국진주,채동우,박경수 대한임상약리학회 2017 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.25 No.2

Weight is a covariate representative of body size and is known to influence drug disposition. Recently,with increased use of allometric scaling, this variable has become more significant in accounting forvariability in pharmacokinetic parameters. In adults, weight can be considered as a time invariant covariatebecause physical development is complete. As a result, when weight is missing in data, the typicalor median value (say, 70 kg) could be imputed. On the contrary, weight continuously changes withage in the pediatric population. In this case, it is more appropriate to consider different median weightfor each age group. We constructed a prediction model for weight using postmenstrual age (PMA)with the data consisting of 83,014 Korean pediatric patients. Weight, PMA, and gender informationwere collected from electronic medical records. Sigmoid models multiplied by exponential or logisticfunction were tested for basic model structure. Covariate effects on model parameters were theninvestigated using selection criteria of p < 0.001. All analyses were performed using NONMEM 7.3.0and R3.2.0. The sigmoid model multiplied by logistic function best described the data and there wasa significant difference between boys and girls in model parameters. It is expected that the results obtainedin this work can be used for imputation of missing weights in pediatrics when PMA is available. In addition, the developed model can be used for clinical studies in children under 12 years old whoseweight change rapidly with age and for model building in dealing with time varying body weight as acovariate.

코덱스 영양소 기준치 설정시 영양섭취기준의 적용 방안

정효지(Joung Hyojee),윤진숙(Yoon Jin-Sook),최슬기(Choi Seul Ki),신상아(Shin Sangah),최영선(Choi Young-Sun),권오란(Kwon Oran),장남수(Chang Namsoo) 韓國營養學會 2009 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.42 No.4

현재 코덱스 NRVs 중에는 새로이 각국에서 제정된 영양섭취기준과 상당히 차이가 있는 영양소들이 있어서 개정을 위한 검토 작업이 시급히 필요하다. DRIs 중 EARs 혹은 RDAs를 코덱스 NRVs 기준으로 설정하는 것에는 각각이 장점과 단점이 있으므로, 각 기준에 대한 장점과 문제점을 충분히 고려하여 선정하여야 한다. 각 나라의 DRIs를 NRVs 기준으로 이용하거나 국제적으로 영양소별로 단일 값을 정한 후 각 나라의 인구 구조를 근거로 NRVs 기준을 설정하는 것은 국가마다 서로 다른 기준을 설정하는 결과를 초래하고 이로 인한 소비자의 혼란 및 국가 간 교역에 혼란을 초래할 가능성이 크므로, 각 나라의 인구 구조를 적용한 값을 NRVs기준으로 설정하는 것은 문제가 있다고 사료된다. 코덱스 NRVs 설정시 인구 구조에 근거한 RDA를 사용할 경우 연령 집단 간 편차가 크면 산출된 값이 lowest UL 보다 높을 수 있으므로, 성인 이외의 연령층 (어린이)에 대해서 바람직한 적용 방안을 후속 연구를 통해 별도로 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 따라서 기존의 Codex 기준과 같이 국제적으로 새로이 설정된 DRIs를 전면적으로 검토하고 이를 최대한 반영하여 영양소별로 단일 값을 제시하여 각 나라에서 이용하도록 하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다. Codex Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were based on the 1988 Helsinki report and a single set of NRVs was established for the general population over 3 years for the purpose of food labeling in 1993. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) with new concepts were developed in many countries recently. Hence there has been broad discussion regarding establishment of new NRVs using DRIs, which include estimated average requirement (EAR), recommended intake (RI or RDA), adequate intake (AI), and tolerable upper intake level (UL) in the world. This study was carried out to review various possible values for Codex NRVs such as population-weighted EAR, population-weighted RDA, and populationbased RDA. The values were simulated using DRIs and population distribution of Korea, USA, Japan, Philippines, Germany and England, and compared to the current Codex values and the highest RDA and the lowest UL among populations with different life-stage. Since population weighted/based values are necessary to be updated according to the population changes and are different across countries, inconsistency can be a serious barrier in international transactions. For some of nutrients such as vitamin A and zinc, values based on population-based RDA or the highest RDA were higher than the lowest UL. Therefore, careful considerations should be given before establishing Codex NRVs.

The robustness of population-weighted individual income distribution dynamics

( Deockhyun Ryu ),( Wonho Song ) 한양대학교 경제연구소 2019 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.24 No.3

The recent literature on ‘global income distribution’ has recently focused on ‘individual income inequality’ to account for the so-called China effect. We examine the robustness of various population weighting schemes that account for different country sizes in the study of income distribution dynamics. We apply our test of stochastic stability to within as well as between-country income distribution dynamics and find that the middle-income group’s role in income distribution dynamics vanishes when we allow for very high population weights for China and India. Following a more robust procedure that caps the weights of countries with excessively large populations, we recover the stable middle-income group during some sub-periods of our sample. We argue that giving China and India weights proportional to their populations allows these two high-leverage points to dominate all other sources of income distribution dynamics.

Detecting the differential genomic variants using cross-population phenotype-associated variant (XP-PAV) of the Landrace and Yorkshire pigs in Korea

이영섭,손승우,허재영,신동현 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.6

Although there have been many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and selective sweep analyses to understand pig genomic regions related to growth performance, these methods considered only the gene effect and selection signal, respectively. In this study, we suggest the cross-population phenotype associated variant (XP-PAV) analysis as a novel method to determine the genomic variants with different effects between the two populations. XP-PAV analysis could reveal the differential genetic variants between the two populations by considering the gene effect and selection signal simultaneously. In this study, we used daily weight gain (DWG) and back fat thickness (BF) as phenotypes and the Landrace and Yorkshire populations were used for XP-PAV analysis. The main aim was to reveal the differential selection by considering the gene effect between Landrace and Yorkshire pigs. In the gene ontology analysis of XP-PAV results, differential selective genes in DWG analysis were involved in the regulation of interleukin-2 production and cell cycle G2/M transition. The protein modification and glycerophospholipid biosynthetic processes were the most enriched terms in the BF analysis. Therefore, we could identify genetic differences for immune and several metabolic pathways between Landrace and Yorkshire breeds using the XP-PAV analysis. In this study, we expect that XP-PAV analysis will play a role in determining useful selective variants with gene effects and provide a new interpretation of the genetic differences between the two populations.

Efficiency of Index-Based Selection Methods for Stem Borer Resistance in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

Breeders need a simple and reliable index that could be used to make selection quickly in a breeding program. A study was conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria, to compare efficiency of four selection indices in selecting the best genotypes in a population improvement program involving a yellow-grained (DMR ESR-Y) and white-grained (DMR ESR-W) maize (Zea mays L.) population under artificial stem borer infestation. Rank summation index), Base index, Multiplicative index, and Optimum index that uses heritability as weight (OI) were compared using grain yield, plant aspect, ear aspect, stalk breakage, and tolerance to stem borer as selection criteria. The selection criteria had moderate to high narrow-sense heritability. Each of the traits had a significant correlation with all selection indices, except MI in DMR ESR-Y. The BSI had the highest selection differential (23.32%) followed by OI (21.45%) in the white maize population. It also had the highest (29.11%) followed by RSI (20.99%) in the yellow maize population. The BSI also had strongest correlation with RSI in the white and the yellow maize population. Percentage similarity was highest between BSI and RSI in the white (82.6%) and yellow maize populations (72.3%). This suggested that both BSI and RSI are good selection indices that could be used in improvement programs for stem borer resistance in maize.

Evaluation of Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density and Radiographic Hand and Knee Osteoarthritis in a Korean Elderly Population

배기정,공현식,김기웅,김태균,장종범,장학철,백구현 대한정형외과학회 2014 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.6 No.3

Background: Reports on the relationship between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA) have tended to disagree, especially in non-weight bearing joints such as the hand joints. We aimed to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and hand and knee OA in a general Korean elderly population. Methods: We evaluated femur neck BMD and the hand and knee radiographs of 143 men and 123 women over 65 years of age who participated in a population-based cohort study. The Kellgren-Lawrence criteria for grading OA were implemented, and grade 2 or higher were categorized as radiographic OA. BMD was compared according to the existence of radiographic OA in the hand and knee using analysis of covariance, and correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationship between BMD and radiographic OA grade. Results: After controlling for age and body mass index, there was no significant difference in BMD between participants with and without hand OA (p = 0.717 in male and p = 0.862 in female), between those with and without knee OA (p = 0.974 in male and p = 0.563 in female), and between those with only hand OA and those with only knee OA (p = 0.920 in male and p = 0.961 in female). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between BMD and the radiographic OA grade of the hands (p = 0.182 in male and p = 0.897 in female) and knees (p = 0.245 in male and p = 0.098 in female). Conclusions: In our cohort of the general Korean elderly population, no association was found between osteoporosis and OA, regardless of the weight bearing status of the joints

The effects of water-pipe smoking on birth weight: a population-based prospective cohort study in southern Iran

Shahrzad Nematollahi1,,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Abbas Rahimi Foroushani,Mahmood Mahmoodi,Azin Alavi,Mohammad Shekari,Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Consecutive community health assessments revealed that water-pipe smoking in women and impaired growth in children were among the main health concerns in suburban communities in southern Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of water-pipe smoking during pregnancy on birth weight. METHODS: Data from a population-based prospective cohort study of 714 singleton live pregnancies in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas in southern Iran in 2016-2018 were used in this study. Data about water-pipe smoking patterns and birth weight were collected by questionnaires during and after the pregnancy. Low birth weight (LBW) was defined as a birth weight below 2,500 g. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models, and the results were presented in terms of relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Fifty (8.2%) of the study subjects smoked water-pipe. The adjusted risk of LBW increased 2-fold in water-pipe smokers (adjusted RR [aRR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.71), and by 2.0% for each 1-year increase in the duration of water-pipe smoking (aRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that water-pipe smoking during pregnancy was an important risk factor for LBW in this population sample from southern Iran. The introduction of regulations onto prevent water-pipe smoking and the implementation of community health action plans aiming at empowering women and increasing women’s knowledge and awareness regarding the health consequences of water-pipe smoking are proposed.

초당옥수수의 파종기별 적정 재식밀도

이석순,양승규,홍승범 한국작물학회 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.3

초당옥수수의 수확기 분산을 위한 파종기에 따른 적정재식밀도를 규정하기 위하여 경북 경산에서 "Cambella 90"을 흑색 P E. film 피복하여 파종기 4월 1일, 5월 1일, 6월 1일, 재식밀도를 3,500, 4,500, 5,500, 6,500, 7,500주/10a 조건에서 파종하여 생육과 이삭특성 및 상품성 있는 이삭수를 조사한 결과를 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출아율과 입묘율은 4월 1일 파종기에서 낮았고, 재식밀도 간에는 차이가 없었다. 간장과 착수고는 5월 1일 파종에서 가장 높았으며, 재식밀도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 2. 분얼수는 파종기가 빠를수록, 재식밀도가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 출사기는 파종기가 한 달씩 늦어질수록 각각 15 및 22일 지연되었고, 재식밀도 간에는 차이가 없었다. 3. Brix 당도는 5월 1일 파종기에서 가장 높았고, 재식밀도가 낮을수록 당도가 높았다. 4. 파종기가 늦을수록, 재식 밀도가 증가할수록 이삭장, 착립장, 이삭경, 이삭중이 모두 감소하였다. 착립장과 이삭중과는 정의 상관이 있었으나 파종기가 다를 때는 같은 착립장에서도 이삭중의 변이가 커서 이삭의 품질은 이삭중으로 나타내는 것이 타당하였다. 5. 초당옥수수의 적정 재식밀도는 중품(200~300g) 과 상품 (300 g)의 상품성 있는 이삭수를 4,000개/10a를 목표로 하여 4월 1일 파종에서는 낮은 출아율을 고려한 6,500~7,500주/10a , 5월 1일 파종에서는 5,500~6,500 주, 6월 1일 이후의 파종에서는 6,500주이었다. A super sweet corn hybrid, "Cambella 90", was grown at 5 plant populations (35,000, 45,000, 55,000, 65,000, 75,000 plants/ha) on 1 April, 1 May, and 1 June in 2004 under black polyethylene (P. E.) film mulch to find out the optimum plant populations at different planting dates. Emergence rate and percent stand increased as planting dates delayed. Culm length and ear height were highest at the planting on 1 May and increased with increased plant population. Soluble solids content was highest at the planting on 1 May and decreased as plant population increased. Ear length, seed set ear length, ear diameter, and ear weight decreased as plant population increased. Seed set ear length could not substitute for ear weight to evaluate marketable ears. The optimum plant population of "Cambella 90" was 65,000~75,000 plants/ha at the planting on 1 April when emergence rate was low due to low temperature, 55,000~65,000 plants/ha at the planting on 1 May, and 65,000 plants/ ha after the planting on 1 June.

Spatially integrated estimator of finite population total by integrating data from two independent surveys using spatial information

Paul Nobin Chandra,Rai Anil,Ahmad Tauqueer,Biswas Ankur,Sahoo Prachi Misra 한국통계학회 2024 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.53 No.1

A major goal of survey sampling is finite population inference. In recent years, large-scale survey programs have encountered many practical challenges which include higher data collection cost, increasing non-response rate, increasing demand for disaggregated level statistics and desire for timely estimates. Data integration is a new field of research that provides a timely solution to these above-mentioned chal- lenges by integrating data from multiple surveys. Now, it is possible to develop a framework that can efficiently combine information from several surveys to obtain more precise estimates of population parameters. In many surveys, parameters of interest are often spatial in nature, which means, the relationship between the study variable and covariates varies across all locations in the study area and this situation is referred as spatial non-stationarity. Hence, there is a need of a sampling method- ology that can efficiently tackle this spatial non-stationarity problem and can be able to integrate this spatially referenced data to get more detailed information. In this study, a Geographically Weighted Spatially Integrated (GWSI) estimator of finite population total was developed by integrating data from two independent surveys using spatial information. The statistical properties of the proposed spatially inte- grated estimator were then evaluated empirically through a spatial simulation study. Three different spatial populations were generated having high spatial autocorrela- tion. The proposed spatially integrated estimator performed better than usual design- based estimator under all three populations. Furthermore, a Spatial Proportionate Bootstrap (SPB) method was developed for variance estimation of the proposed spa- tially integrated estimator.