DJ-1/park7 modulates vasorelaxation and blood pressure via epigenetic modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Won, Kyung Jong,Jung, Seung Hyo,Jung, Soo Hyun,Lee, Kang Pa,Lee, Hwan Myung,Lee, Dong-Youb,Park, Eun-Seok,Kim, Junghwan,Kim, Bokyung Oxford University Press 2014 Cardiovascular research Vol.101 No.3

<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>DJ-1/park7, a multifunctional protein, may play essential roles in the vascular system. However, the function of DJ-1/park7 in vascular contractility has remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether the DJ-1/park7 is involved in the regulation of vascular contractility and systolic blood pressure (SBP).</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>Norepinephrine (NE) elevated contraction in endothelium-intact vessels in a dose-dependent manner, to a greater extent in DJ-1/park7 knockout (DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice than in wild-type (DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP>) mice. Acetylcholine inhibited NE-evoked contraction in endothelium-intact vessels, and this was markedly impaired in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP>. Nitric oxide (NO) production (82.1 ± 2.8% of control) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression (61.7 ± 8.9%) were lower, but H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production (126.4 ± 8.6%) was higher, in endothelial cells from DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice than in those from DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls; these effects were reversed by DJ-1/park7-overexpressing endothelial cells from DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-1 recruitment and H3 histone acetylation at the eNOS promoter were elevated and diminished, respectively, in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls. Moreover, SBP was significantly elevated in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls, but this elevation was inhibited in mice treated with valproic acid, an inhibitor of Class I HDACs including HDAC-1.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These results demonstrate that DJ-1/park7 protein may be implicated in the regulation of vascular contractility and blood pressure, probably by the impairment of NO production through H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated epigenetic inhibition of eNOS expression.</P>

상용차 기반에 대한 주차보조시스템 사용자 감성 평가

전재석(Jaeseok Jeon),박현배(Hyunbae Park),문희석(Heeseok Moon),곽수진(Sujin Kwag) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

In this paper, we described about evaluation of human sensibility using park assist system of the commercial vehicle. The perpendicular parking and parallel parking have been carried out as a user test and subjects are classified as beginning drivers, drivers with less than 1 year experience and over 3 years experience. As a result, parking duration of beginning drivers and drivers with less than 1 year experience who use automatic parking assistance system is similar to drivers with over 3 years experience. However error occurred according to sensor position and distance between vehicle and parking space. And also it occurred that the vehicle leaves from parking line or does not recognize the parking space. Therefore, if we improve its completeness by compensating problems that came up from this evaluation and distribute the automatic parking assistance system, it is expected that the park assistance system is to help driver providing convenience of parking.

경산대임지구의 주차장용지 공급방법개선에 관한 연구- 실수요자 공급을 중심으로 -

박정준,박창률,손순금 한국지적정보학회 2023 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Parking lots within public development districts are land of public interest, so regulations on their use should be further strengthened. Of course, all land can be seen as having some kind of public nature in terms of use, but parking lots in particular have an even higher level of public nature. The reason why land with such a quasi-public nature was supplied to individual end-users rather than to local governments was the revision of the Parking Lot Act in 1996. The main content of the law amendment was to allow a certain percentage (20-40%) of the total floor area to be used as ancillary facilities for neighborhood living facilities when constructing a parking-only building. Construction of a new parking-only building on a parking lot within a public development district can be considered in two ways. There are two ways to build a new parking-only building with single ownership and a group building with separate ownership. Most parking-only buildings are developed by separate ownership of complex buildings and sale to general consumers. The problematic part must satisfy both the Parking Lot Act and the Collective Building Act. In the case where the main use parking lot and the accessory use neighborhood living facility are sold separately, the “Collective Building Act” is satisfied, but the “Parking Lot Act” is violated. In other words, a facility attached to a neighborhood living facility must have a parking lot. In order for parking lots in public development districts to meet the purpose of use, new changes are required in terms of the supply method and supply price of parking lots. The first supply notice for the parking lot in the Daeim district has already been announced for only one lot (parking lot 5), and the successful bidder abandoned the contract, although the reason is unknown. In the end, 11 lots of parking lots remain as announced in the supply notice, and it is expected that the remaining parking lots will be supplied after the district unit plan is changed (separate sales are prohibited). 공공개발지구 내의 주차장용지는 공공성을 가진 토지로 이용의 규제가 한층 더 강화되어야 한다. 물론 모든 토지는 이용측면에서 일종의 공공성을 가진다고 볼 수 있지만 특히 주차장용지는 한층 더 높은 공공성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 준 공공성의 성격을 가진 토지를 지방자치단체에 공급을 하지 않고 개인 실수요자에게 공급하게 된 경위는 1996년 주차장법의 개정이다. 법 개정의 주된 내용은 주차전용건축물을 건축할 경우 전체연면적의 일정비율(20~40%)을 근린생활시설의 부속시설을 허용한다는 내용으로 개정되었다. 공공개발지구의내의 주차장용지에 주차전용건축물 신축은 두 가지 경우를 생각할 수 있다. 단일소유 방식의 주차전용 건축물과 구분소유 방식의 집합 건물로 신축하는 방법이 있다. 대부분의 주차전용건축물은 집합건물의 구분 소유하도록 하고 일반 수요자에게 분양하는 방법으로 개발방향을 잡고 있다. 이 경우 문제가 되는 부분은 공법인 「주차장법」과 사법의 「집합건물법」 모두를 만족해야 한다. 주 용도의 주차장과 부속용도의 근린생활시설부분을 분리분양을 하였을 경우는 「집합건물법」은 만족할 수 있으나 「주차장법」으로는 위법(違法)한 것이다. 즉 근린생활시설의 부속시설은 주차장이 있어야만 성립되는 것이다. 공공개발지구내의 주차장용지가 이용목적에 부합하기 위해서는 주차장용지의 공급방법과 공급가격측면에서 새로운 변화가 요구된다. 경산 대임지구의 주차장용지는 이미 1차 공급공고를 1필지(주차5)만 하였고 낙찰이 된 실수요자는 원인은 알 수 없지만 계약을 포기하였다. 결국 11필지의 주차장용지는 공급 공고전과 같이 남아있으며 남은 주차장용지 공급은 지구단위계획조서가 변경(분리분양 금지)된 이후 공급될 수 있을 것을 기대한다.

저전력 주차 안내 시스템 설계

박주용(Ju-Yong Park),임형규(Hyeong-giu Lim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2011 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.5 No.1

주차안내 시스템은 주차장에서 주차정보를 제공하여 운전자에게 주차 편리성을 제공한다. 동시에 다수의 센서, 디스플레이와 제어모듈을 이용하여 아주 소량의 전기 에너지 만을 소모한다. 녹색 빌딩 설계의 요구가 점차 증가함에 따라 주차관리 시스템의 운용 전력 감축 문제가 이수화 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주차 관리 시스템의 감지기와 디스플레이 장치의 설계와 소비전력 감축의 결과를 제시한다. 이 시스템은 무선 Park Tile 과 Park Disk를 사용하여 전력소비를 감축 시키고, 여러 개의 주차공간 감지기와 자동차 카운터, 정보 디스플레이 장치, 안내 터미널과 제어장치로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 시스템 구조설계와 통신망 설계, 주차정보 서비스 시나리오 설계, .배터리 수명 제어, 운영 전력 평가 등이 수행되었다. 주차장당 운영전력은 0.4W로 평가 되었으며, 이는 기존 시스템의 17%정도 이고 매년 유지비는 기존 시스템에 비해 43%에 해당된다. The parking guidance system can increase driver’s convenience with detailed parking information service in the parking lot. At the same time, parking guidance system consumes non-negligible electrical energy with large amount of sensors, displays and control modules. With the increase in the demand for green and sustainable building design all over the world, it becomes a meaningful issue for parking guidance system to reduce operating power. This paper presents the preliminary design and estimated results of a parking guidance system which is optimized to reduce the power consumption mainly on detectors and displays. The system design is based on pre-developed wireless parking detectors, Park Tile and Park Disk. The system has a number of parking space detectors, vehicle count detectors, information displays, guidance terminals and other control units. We have performed system architecture design, communication network design, parking information service scenario planning, battery life regulation and at last operating power estimation. The estimated operating power was 0.4 watt per parking-slot, which is 17% of traditional systems. The estimated annual maintain cost was 43% of traditional systems.

역사 속의 박문수와 암행어사로의 형상화

심재우(Sim Jae-woo) 역사실학회 2010 역사와실학 Vol.41 No.-

Examined in this article is how Park Mun Su, a governmental official from the reign of king Yeongjo, became a legendary secret inspector and also a renowned figure, who is well remembered and honored even today. His service as a secret inspector was not that long, and in fact it was only for a few months. So, why did he, among all the countless secret inspectors who were dispatched to local areas by the Joseon government, became a representative model of such figures, is the main focus of attention in this article. In order to initiate the task, first the life of Park Mun Su and his service in the Joseon government are examined. Also, the government's evaluation of Park's service, the images of Park portrayed in various tales and stories, and the Koreans' perception of Park Mun Su in the modern period of Korea as portrayed in 『Park Mun Su-jeon(朴文秀傳)』, a novel authored during the Japanese occupation period, are all examined. As a result, it is determined that there were indeed some differences among people's evaluation and perception of Park Mun Su, according to their classes and their time periods. It seems that Park Mun Su was a person with a strong will and character, and always wanted to serve the public. In that regard he was a very attractive figure, and was very much trusted by king Yeongjo. Yet at the same time, he was not so much of an academician, and he also had a short temper. The image of Park, and the real Park, was indeed different in more than a few ways. In short, we can say that a somewhat exaggerated image of Park Mun Su was introduced to the general public in the 20th century. And the aforementioned novel『Park Mun Su-jeon』 which was published during the Japanese occupation period, and other biographies of him that were released in the 1970s and 1980s, only solidified such image. He became a staple figure in the history of the government's secret inspectors, and also an outstanding heroic figure who served the Korean country well. And such transformation in the public's perception of him, had very much to do with the social condition and atmosphere of the 20th century Korea as well.

우리나라 도시공원 관련 초기 법률 입안과 「공원법(1967~1980년)」 시행과정에서 나타난 유보지로서 도시공원에 관한 제도의 문제

오창송 한국조경학회 2018 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

The Park Act (1967~1980) was the first law to define urban parks in Korea. The urban parks of that time were similar to a reservation area used for other purposes after giving regulation. Because ‘the urban park as a reservation area’ in the past is a repeated park issue in the present, it is necessary to consider the issues of the original law system that created the cause. From this perspective, this study analyzed the legislation to reserve an urban park by collecting bills and information about the factual relationship between 1960·70s park issues and the Park Act. Analysis showed that the reason for the adoption of different kinds of urban parks in the law of a nature park is that a negative list separated from the Urban Planning Act is required to curb private usage. Inherent in the Park Act, however, was the problem of allowing the encroachment of urban parks by governmental power. ① The Park Act sets out a wide range of cases to abolish urban park. ② Unclear setting of governmental power could abuse the urban park. ③ Insufficient standards were able to erode the urban park with large for-profit facilities. ④ The inactivity of the Urban Public Park Committee had reduced democratic decision-making and professional judgement on park issues. Therefore, the Park Act was characterized as infringing on the environment and right to urban parks and took a passive attitude in creating parks and in citizen usage thereof. The Park Act had limitations as a progenitor for establishing the characteristics and concepts of urban parks. 「공원법」은 도시공원을 규정한 우리나라 최초의 법률이다. 그러나 당시의 도시공원은 규제만 가해진 후 다른 목적으로 사용하는 유보지와 유사하였다. 과거 ‘유보지로서 도시공원’은 지금의 공원문제로도 반복되고 있기에, 그 원인을 제공하는 초기 제도의 문제에 관한 고찰이 필요하다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 「공원법(안)」들을 수집하여 도시공원을 유보하게 된 제도화 과정과 1960․70년대 공원문제와 「공원법」과의 사실관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 자연공원의 법률에 이질적인 도시공원을 수용하게 된 이유는 민간의 무분별한 용지 사용을 억제하여 유보할 수 있도록 「도시계획법」 이외의 부수적 규제 장치가 필요하였기 때문이다. 그러나 제정된 「공원법」은 공권력으로 도시공원의 잠식을 용인할 수 있는 문제점을 담고 있었다. ① 「공원법」은 도시공원을 폐지할 수 있는 광범위한 경우를 설정하였다. ② 불명확한 공권력 범위의 설정은 도시공원을 남용할 수 있었다. ③ 미흡한 관련 기준은 대형 수익시설로 도시공원을 침식할 수 있었다. ④ (도시)공원위원회의 무기력은 공원문제에 대한 민주적 의사결정과 전문적인 판단력을 축소시켰다. 따라서, 「공원법」은 도시공원에 대한 환경과 권리에 관한 침해 속성이 내제 되었고 공원설치와 시민 이용에 소극적인 태도를 취하였다. 동시에 「공원법」은 도시공원의 특성과 개념을 정립하여 선도하기 위한 독립법으로 한계가 있었다.

서구 공원 녹지 배치 계획 이론의 초기 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2006 녹지환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

In America and Europe from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the planning ideologies of park system and greenbelts were made and these planning ideologies are called Green Network System. They are different in terms of the purpose, type and method, but they have common characteristics of encouraging order and amenity in cities based on the consecutive connection of green space, and of coping with the problems happening in cities. Just as the park system was made, centering around new America and greenbelts were developed to meet with the problems happening in large cities, the structural arrangement and the roles of greens should be different. However, this connection system of greens was oriented in the circumstances of America and Europe at that time so it has not been confirmed what sizes of cities it would be useful for. On the other hand, separately from the Green Network System, the theory of park arrangement is being developed. It intends to cope with deterioration of the living environment caused by overcrowded cities and with increase in the demands of public parks. It is based on the neighborhood unit and the science of human settlement. In addition, the theory of park arrangement is based on the effects of greens in use, rather than, in decoration so it encourages dispersion and hierarchical system of parks, having the human settlement as base. Consequently, the theory of park arrangement is influenced by the characteristics and the type of households, and it has a required area and planning unit. However, this theory has the right for walking and human scale as the basic unit so for the large parks that are beyond the human scale, the planning criteria are not clear. The theory of park arrangement, which is based on the neighborhood unit, may be useful for the cities with tens of thousands of residents, but it is partially applied for the cities with 500,000~1,000,000 residents. And further, in organizing the green system for the whole city, the theory of park arrangement can be ignored. As seen in the above, the existing arrangement theory has some problems: it is just for partial application; and it is not suitable for the size and the growing speed of cities. The greens in cities should be operated as the comprehensive system, but greenbelts and park arrangement have been studied separately so far. That`s why it is necessary to review again the existing arrangement theory.

공원학교 및 소공원 계획 방향에 관한 연구

김형돈,양현오 (사)한국교육녹색환경연구원 2009 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the school location and site planning direction for land use planning of public land development. And this research proposed the direction of small park in school. So this research present the implication on urban planning and design for architecture, park-school complex. This study perform the relationship analysis on location of school and park. The result follows as this : 1) land use planning : Location and space of park-school must be checked in advance. Schools and parks are placed together. The park is located south of the school. 2) school site planning : Small field for dynamic activity is needed in school. The character of small park in school is relationship of educational programs. 3) management : CCTV is installed at school. Bright lights are placed in school. This result will be used in decision-making-process of land use planning, public land development construction, urban design and city policy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the school location and site planning direction for land use planning of public land development. And this research proposed the direction of small park in school. So this research present the implication on urban planning and design for architecture, park-school complex. This study perform the relationship analysis on location of school and park. The result follows as this : 1) land use planning : Location and space of park-school must be checked in advance. Schools and parks are placed together. The park is located south of the school. 2) school site planning : Small field for dynamic activity is needed in school. The character of small park in school is relationship of educational programs. 3) management : CCTV is installed at school. Bright lights are placed in school. This result will be used in decision-making-process of land use planning, public land development construction, urban design and city policy.

주차원단위 분석을 통한 주택의 주차수요산정기법 연구

이영우 대한교통학회 2008 대한교통학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Rapid urbanization causes a variety of transportation problems, including parking. Then transportation engineers would get involved in trying to solve parking problem. Estimation of parking demand is essential for finding a solution to the parking problem. Estimation of parking demand generally uses the "parking basic unit"; however, the parking basic unit does not totally determine parking demand. This study analyzes the problems with using the parking basic unit with a field investigation and the establishment of a new parking demand calculation model. Parking basic units estimated from the mean parking basic unit method are higher than those resulting from a regression analysis. However, parking basic units resulting from these methods fail to satisfy parking demand in many buildings. Analysis results for a cumulative distribution of parking basic units are reasonable if they satisfy 88% of parking demand in buildings. However, parking basic units that satisfy 88% of parking demand in buildings is a problem in some areas with an oversupply of parking lots. Ultimately, this study establishes a parking demand calculation model. 급격한 도시화는 다양한 교통문제를 유발하였으며 그 중에서도 주차문제는 시급히 해결해야할 문제로 인식되고 있다. 주차문제 해결을 위해서는 주차수요 산정이 필수적으로 요구된다. 그러나 주차수요 산정을 위한 기준자료로 활용되고 있는 주차원단위는 현실을 충분히 반영하지 못하는 문제점이 있어 주차원단위의 새로운 기준에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장조사를 통해 기존 주차원단위 산정에 대한 문제점을 분석하고 많은 시설물들이 주차수요를 충분히 반영할 수 있는 주차원단위에 대해 검토하고 새로운 주차수요 산정 모형을 구축하였다. 주차원단위의 평균에 의한 방법과 회귀분석에 의해 산정하는 기존 두 가지 방법으로 주차원단위를 산정하여 적용하는 경우 조사대상 시설물 중 많은 시설물의 주차수요를 만족시키지 못하는 것으로 분석되어 주택가의 주차문제 발생의 원인이 되고 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 어느 정도의 시설물이 주차수요를 만족하도록 주차원단위를 적용하는 것이 효율적인지를 주차원단위 누적분포 분석을 통해 검토한 결과 88%의 시설물이 주차수요를 만족하도록 주차원단위를 적용하는 것이 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 조사대상 시설물 중 88%가 주차수요를 만족하도록 주차원단위를 적용한 결과 연면적이 커질수록 주차수요가 과대 추정되는 현상이 발생하는 문제점이 나타나 본 연구에서는 최종적으로 새로운 비선형 주차수요 산정 모형을 구축하였다.

도시공원 구조 및 식생 조건에 따른 조류 종다양성 분석 -천안시 26개 도시공원을 대상으로-

송원경 ( Wonkyong Song ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The urban park has important functions as a habitat for wildlife as well as open space of rest and community for people. This study was carried out to find what factors of structure and vegetation of urban parks could affect forest bird species diversity in Cheonan city. The study surveyed bird and vegetation species in 26 urban parks, Cheonan city. A correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed to test whether habitat structure and vegetation were the major correlate with species diversity. The results showed the Dujeong park was the most high bird species diversity (H’= 2.13), and the Dujeong-8 park (H’ = 2.02) and the Cheongsa park (H’ = 1.73) were considerably higher than the other urban parks. The variables that were strongly correlated with bird species diversity were park area, number of subtree species, canopy of shrub, number of shrub species, shape index, canopy of subtree, canopy of tree, and impervious surface ratio. The regression of bird species diversity against the environmental variables showed that 3 variables of park area, canopy of subtree, and canopy of tree were included in the best model. Model variable selection was broadly similar for the 5 optimal models. It means park area and multi-layer vegetation were the most consistent and significant predictor of bird species diversity, because urban parks were isolated by built-up areas. Especially the subtree coverage that provides shelter and food for forest birds was an important variable. Therefore, to make parks circular-shaped and abundant multi-layer vegetation, which could be a buffer to external disturbances and improve the quality of habitats, may be used to enhance species diversity in creation and management of urban parks.