기능성 배접지의 보존 특성 분석 -호분지-

최경화,박지희,서진호,Choi, Kyoung-Hwa,Park, Ji-Hee,Seo, Jin-Ho 국립문화재연구소 2010 保存科學硏究 Vol.31 No.-

Paper cultural heritages experience chemical and physical deterioration due to various factors including preservation environments and the property of paper materials1). Thus, it is important to develop optimal preservation and restoration methods for the damaged paper cultural heritages. Currently, lining is a popular treatment for the restoration of paper cultural heritages in Korea. Since lining paper is a layer of paper directly attached to the inside of cultural heritages for protection, understanding of the preservation properties of lining paper is primarily needed in order to devise the better preservation methods. The main material of lining paper is the paper mulberry, but additives such as chalk and white clay is sometimes used to enhance the preservation properties of lining paper. To date, the properties of the functional lining paper containing these additives have been not fully understood yet. In this study, dry heating aging at $105^{\circ}C$ and biological aging by the Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium polonicum for the lining paper, which is made from paper mulberry and the chalk, are carried out to evaluate changes in their preservation properties by these aging factors. As a result, it is found that the functional lining paper containing 25.1% of chalk can control the growth of fungi, while the paper containing 32.7% of chalk do not show any protection effect. However, the functional lining paper added by chalk is more aged than the lining paper made from paper mulberry by dry heating accelerated aging.

우리나라 종이접기 공예품에 대한 역사적 고찰

전철(Cheol Jeon) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.4

The history of paper folding had continued before that the paper manufacturing technique was spread in the 3rd century and it was used for witchcrafts and rituals. Fold means as was used with the word Cheop and Jeopji. In the Three Kingdoms period, the conical hat with fabric spread as customs, then it was made of the paper that led the popularization of paper folding form the early Joseon Dynasty. Paper crafts and living things with paper are mostly derived from fabrics except the paper written for saint’s name related God. In the period of the tribe nation, witchcrafts and rituals brought to Japan via the Korean Peninsula, as a result Kami which means God in Japanese that becomes the paper. The first folding fan was made to develop from the fan, Baekseopsun in the end of Goryeo Dynasty. It was an outstanding application of paper folding crafts. Since the early Joseon Dynasty, paper flower folding has considered as the virtue of savings and has developed one of the Korean traditional paper arts. Paper folding has also developed in the practical uses like the other Korean paper arts but paper folding that was developed as seasonal customs, playing or religious purpose showed a different trend from Korean paper arts.

고서 인출용 책지의 실험적 연구

조형진 한국서지학회 2004 서지학연구 Vol.27 No.-

This study investigated characteristics of paper for old book printing such as paper types and materials, chemical aspects of paper making process, and thickness and physical property of book paper, by combining literature analyses and scientific methods.Paper was made of materials such as plants with tough skin, bark of tree, gramineae grasses, seed grasses and silk yarm. Fibers with long and thin properties on average were treated as an ideal material for paper. In the process of boil treatment, pure fiberoid materials were elicited and elements harmful for cellulose were eliminated by adding limewater and caustic soda. The process of pounding treatment enhanced flexibility and plasticity of fiber, helping obtain solid paper. Surface treatment and internal treatment lowered absorptiveness, and increased evenness, smoothness, whiteness, uniformity and opacity, enhancing writing effect and printing adaptability. Paper mulberry paper, mulberry paper and rice straw paper were often used as materials for book paper, because they were easy to obtain and manufacture, and had good quality. Paper mulberry paper as book paper was solid, glossy, heavy, thick, and durable. Rice straw paper was even, adhesive, and absorptive, although not solid. Mulberry paper had long and thick fiber, enhancing adhesiveness and solidness, which is appropriate for making thick paper. Hemp paper was considered an ideal material for book paper, because its fiber was soft, solid, fine, and resistant to absorptiveness. Paper mulberry paper and mulberry paper had physical properties appropriate for printing and accordingly, were used for printing the most. The fiber of bamboo was not good for printing, and considered as poor material for book paper. The thickness of book paper enabled us to obtain good printing quality by improving solidness and printing efficiency. 고서 인출을 위한 책지에 관하여 종류와 재료조지과정 상의 화학작용후박과 물리적 특성 등을 문헌적 방법과 과학적 분석을 병용하여 구명하였다.종이의 재료로는 靭皮植物樹皮禾本科植物種子植物 및 蠶絲 등이 이용되었다. 단위 섬유의 평균치가 길고 가늘수록 이상적인 종이재료였다. 煮熟處理 과정에서 알칼리 성분인 석회수와 잿물을 넣음으로써 纖維素에 유해한 성분을 분해하고 순수한 섬유소를 얻었다. 叩解處理를 통하여 섬유의 유연성과 可塑性을 높여서 강도가 높은 종이를 얻을 수 있었다. 종이의 표면처리와 내부처리를 통하여 흡수성을 낮추고 平滑度白度均一度不透明度를 높여서 서사효과와 인쇄적성을 개선하였다. 책지로는 楮紙와 桑紙 藁精紙가 많이 사용되었다. 그 이유는 재료를 구하기 쉽고 가공하기 쉬우며 질도 우수하기 때문이었다. 책지로서의 楮紙는 堅靭하고 潤澤하며 무겁고 두꺼워서 질겼다. 藁精紙는 平滑하고 섬유질이 잘 결속된다. 취약하지만 흡수성은 좋다. 桑紙는 섬유가 길어서 결속력이 강하고 堅靭하며 섬유가 굵어서 두꺼운 종이를 제조하기에 적합하였다. 麻紙는 섬유가 부드러우면서 堅靭하고 세밀하면서도 不透水性이 강해서 이상적인 조지재료였다. 楮紙桑紙는 物理的 특성이 인쇄적성에 적합하여 가장 많이 사용되었다. 竹紙는 섬유의 조건이 좋은 종이 재료는 아니었다. 책지의 두께가 두꺼우면 堅靭하여 인쇄능률도 높고 서품도 우수한 인쇄물을 얻을 수 있었다.

중급 한국어 학습자의 발표문 쓰기 양상과 교수-학습 방안

조희영 ( Jo Hee Yeong ),김지현 ( Kim Ji Hyun ) 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2021 교사교육연구 Vol.60 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 중급 한국어 학습자의 실제 발표문을 분석하여 이에 따라 발표문 쓰기 교수-학습 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 발표 능력은 고급 수준의 한국어 학습자에게만 필요한 것이 아님에도 한국어 발표에 대한 연구는 대부분 고급 수준의 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 하고 있다. 하지만 격식과 비격식 표현을 구분하여 자신의 의견을 이야기할 수 있는 능력을 키워야하는 중급 수준의 한국어 학습자에게도 발표 교육은 필요하다. 이에 본고에서는 발표를 처음 접하는 중급 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 발표 전 단계인 발표문 쓰기 교수-학습 방안을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 발표문의 특징을 ‘구조’, ‘내용’, ‘표현’으로 나누어 정리하고, 실제 중급한국어 학습자의 발표문 쓰기 양상을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 학습자들은 발표문이 갖추어야 할 ‘구조’인 ‘도입-전개-결론’에 대한 이해가 부족하였으며, 발표문의 내용을 조직함에 있어서도 발표 ‘내용’의 ‘통일성’과 ‘타당성’, ‘풍부성’을 갖추는 것에 어려움을 겪고 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 학습자들은 무엇보다 발표 ‘표현’에서 가장 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 이러한 논의의 결과를 바탕으로 교수-학습의 주체에 따른 발표문 쓰기의 교수-학습방안을 제시하고, 교사의 발표문 쓰기 교수 방법과 학습자 주도의 자가 점검지를 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actual presentation papers of intermediate Korean learners and present a teaching-learning method for writing presentation papers. Although presentation skills are not only necessary for advanced Korean learners, most of Korean language education studies focused on for advanced Korean learners. However, presentation education is also necessary for intermediate Korean learners who need to develop their ability to express their opinions by distinguishing formal and informal expressions. Therefore, this paper attempted to propose an education-based approach to writing presentation papers, which included a pre-presentation stage, for intermediate learners who were new to presentations. To this end, first, the characteristics of presentation papers were divided into ‘structure’, ‘content’, and ‘expression’, and aspects of the intermediate Korean learner’s writing were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, learners lacked an understanding of ‘introduction-developmentconclusion’ in the ‘structure’ that the presentation papers should have. And it was difficult to have ‘unity’, ‘validity’ and ‘abundance’ in the ‘content’ that the presentation papers should have. Moreover, it was difficult to have ‘unity’, ‘validity’ and ‘abundance’ in the ‘content’ which presentation papers should have. In addition, it was confirmed that learners were having the most difficulty writing presentation papers in terms of ‘expression’. Based on the results of these discussions, a teaching-learning model for writing presentation papers according to the subject of teaching-learning was presented, and a teacher’s teaching method of writing presentation papers and a learner-led self-check paper was proposed.

Antimicrobial wrapping paper coated with a ternary blend of carbohydrates (alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan) and grapefruit seed extract

Shankar, Shiv,Rhim, Jong-Whan Elsevier 2018 Carbohydrate Polymers Vol.196 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A functional biopolymer-coated paper was prepared by coating a ternary blend of the alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carrageenan with grapefruit seed extract (GSE) for the substitute use of synthetic polymer-coated paper. The microstructure of the surface and cross-section of the coated paper analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) indicated that the biopolymer was compatible with the base paper and filled the pores of the porous fiber to make a smooth-surfaced coating paper. The properties of the biopolymer-coated paper, such as water and oil resistance, water vapor barrier, surface hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties, increased significantly compared with not only the base paper but also commercially used PE-coated paper. The blended biopolymer coating material exhibited strong antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria, <I>Listeria monocytogenes</I> and <I>Escherichia coli</I>, which were destroyed completely within 3 and 9 h, respectively. The packaging test for a minced fish cake packed with the biopolymer-coated paper showed the complete destruction of surface inoculated bacteria in 6–9 days. The biopolymer-coated paper showed a high potential for disposable food packaging applications to increase the shelf-life of packaged food.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A ternary blend of the alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carrageenan with grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was used for coating of paper. </LI> <LI> Water and oil resistance properties of paper increased after coating. </LI> <LI> Water vapor barrier, surface hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties, increased significantly after coating. </LI> <LI> Blended biopolymer coating material exhibited strong antibacterial activity. </LI> <LI> The biopolymer-coated paper showed a high potential for disposable food packaging applications. </LI> </UL> </P>

An Effective Academic Research Papers Recommendation for Non-profiled Users

보안공학연구지원센터(IJHIT) 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.3

With the tremendous amount of research publications online, finding relevant ones for a particular research topic can be an overwhelming task. As a solution, papers recommender systems have been proposed to help researchers find their interested papers or related papers to their fields. Most of existing papers recommendation approaches are based on paper collections, citations and user profile which is not always available (not all users are registered with their profiles). The existing approaches assume that users have already published papers and registered in their systems. Consequently, this neglects new researcher without published papers or profiles. In this paper, we propose an academic researcher papers recommendation approach that is based on the paper’s topics and paper’s main ideas. The approach requires as input only a single research paper and extracts its topics as short queries and main ideas’ sentences as long queries which are then submitted to existing online repositories that contains research papers to retrieve similar papers for recommendation. Four query extraction and one paper recommendation methods are proposed. Conducted experiments show that the proposed method presents good improvement.

재매개 이론을 기반으로 한 중국 무형문화유산 전지공예(剪紙工藝)의 활성화 연구

황위안,장주영 한국디자인문화학회 2022 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Chinese paper-cutting is an intangible cultural heritage of China, with strong regional cultural characteristics, both practical and decorative. Moreover, satisfying people’s spiritual needs while conveying good wishes, its decorative performance characteristics still have great significance, providing rich expressive themes and inspiration for modern design. However, The rapid development of global integration has brought about an impact on regional cultures, thus leading to the accelerated deteriorating intangible cultural heritage, increasing young-talent problems for the aging craft inheritors, and lowering the degree of innovation. Although relevant research has been conducted for the application of paper-cutting, there is a lack of systematic studies of the medium’s expressiveness and the revitalization of applied paper-cutting art. Therefore, this thesis studies how to revitalize and apply Chinese paper-cutting in the modern social context and discusses the problem of the inheritance of paper-cutting art. This study (1) takes the Chinese paper-cutting craft as the research object, (2) develops it from the perspective of remediation theory, and (3) explores the possibility of revitalizing and regenerating Chinese paper-cutting. The contribution is threefold. First, the literature study points out that remediation is a new dynamic force to promote the revitalization and application of Chinese paper-cutting. Based on this, the three core characteristics of paper-cutting were deduced: diversity of subject matter, decorativeness, and symbolism, which are confirmed by a case study framework that combines the dual logic of immediacy and hypermediacy of remediation. Secondly, an in-depth analysis of international brands’ use of paper-cutting elements is conducted to deduce the elements of paper-cutting expression in immediacy and hypermediacy. Finally, we conclude that through immediacy means, paper-cutting art can resonate with the audience and make them feel close to it, while through hypermediacy means, it can be presented in diversified media forms to meet the various needs of the current audience. The above results provide a strategic plan for the reactivation of the Chinese paper-cutting process and lay the foundation for its subsequent research on modernization and design. 전지공예는 중국 무형문화유산 중 하나이며, 지역 문화적 특색이 강할 뿐만 아니라 실용성과 장식성을 겸비하여 아름다운 소망을 전달하여 사람들의 정신적 욕구를충족시킨다. 이러한 장식적 표현의 특징은 오늘날의 디자인에도 풍부한 표현적 소재와 영감, 그리고 의미를 제공한다. 그러나 전 세계가 획일화된 급속한 발전은 지역문화에 충격을 안겨주었고, 이로 인해 무형문화유산 소실의 가속화, 공예 전승인의 고령화, 혁신성 결여 등의문제를 야기했다. 전지공예의 응용과 관련된 연구는 현재 진행 중이긴 하지만, 전지공예 예술을 응용한 매체의특성 표현 및 활성화에 대한 연구는 체계적으로 이뤄지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 (1) 중국 전지공예를 연구 대상으로 선정하여 (2) 재매개 이론의 측면에서 (3) 전지공예의 재생과 활성화의 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 먼저, 문헌연구를 통해 재매개가 중국의 전지공예 활용 촉진에새로운 동력으로 작용한다는 점을 제시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 선행연구를 통해 전지공예의 소재의 다양성, 장식성, 상징성의 세 가지 핵심적인 특징을 추론하고, 재매개의 비매개와 하이퍼매개의 이중 논리를 결합하여 사례분석의 프레임을 도출했다. 이후 글로벌 브랜드에서 전지공예의 요소를 적용한 사례를 심층 분석하여 비매개와하이퍼매개에서의 전지공예의 표현적 요소를 유도해냈다. 최종적으로 비매개를 통해 전지공예에 대한 관객들의 공감을 이끌어내고, 친근감을 줄 수 있으며, 하이퍼매개의 수단을 통해 다원화된 매개의 형식으로 전지공예를표현할 수 있다는 것을 제안 하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 중국 전지공예 활성화에 대한 전략적인 방안을 제시함으로써 중국 전지공예의 현대화 디자인의 후속 연구를 위한 기초를 마련한다고 사료된다.

조선 전기 紙料와 配合紙 생산

박준호 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2017 東洋學 Vol.66 No.-

This paper studies raw materials used for the production of paper and their relation to paper demand in the early Joseon dynasty. Paper demand in early Joseon dynasty increased dramatically due to several factors. Jinheon-ji, a paper tribute to Ming Dynasty, and Chaek-ji, paper used for book publishing, were two major causes. The demand for Jinheon-ji increased dramatically during the reigns of King Taejong (r.1400~1418) and King Sejong(r.1418~1450). The Joseon dynasty allocated the amount of paper each province needed to produce, however, this amount tended to exceed each province’s production ability. Also, the demand for Chaek-ji was much higher than for Jinheon-ji. Even though the relative low quality of Chaek-ji compared to Jinheon-ji was acceptable, the demand of it highly surpassed the demand of other papers. Increasing the quantity of paper inevitably caused the hardships for people in the Joseon dynasty. During this time, they tried to find a way to increase the supply of paper while reducing negative influence on people. The production of mixed papers through the diverse use of raw materials was one of the solutions. King Sejong considered several possibilities to expand the supply of paper through Jojiso (Office of paper manufacturing); he also paid close attention to the raw materials used for making Chaek-ji. During the 1420s, King Sejong took into account the possibility of diversifying raw materials used for paper production and made ordained several trials of books published using various materials such as bamboo leaves, pine tree leaves, and rice straws. The diversity of paper raw materials can be found in Jachitonggam hunui (an explanatory book on Jachitonggam), which was published in 1434. Mixed paper made from rice straws and mulberry trees in five to one ratios was used there. Joseon dynasty consistently investigated several ways to make different mixed papers in an effort to expand production power and ease the burden of the people. In the 1450s, the dynasty allowed each province to make their own mixed papers for Chaek-ji based on customs of the region to fulfill the demand. The production of Japcho-ji (a type of paper made of weeds) during King Sejo’s reign was the lowest quality paper produced until that time, and can be seen as the peak of their efforts to produce mixed paper. 본 논문은 조선 전기에 있어서 종이 원료와 배합지에 관한 내용을 종이 수요와 연계하여 연구한 것이다. 조선 전기에는 여러 가지 요인으로 종이 수요가 증가하게 되었는데, 명에 보내는 진헌지와 서적 간행을 위한 책지의 생산이 그 대표적인 사례라고 할 수 있다. 진헌지는 태종과 세종 연간에 가히 폭발적으로 그 수요가증가하였다. 대부분의 진헌지는 각 지방에 생산량을 나누어서 조달하였으나, 이때 지방에 할당된 종이 수량은감당할 수 있는 생산량의 한계를 초과할 만큼 과다하였다. 또한 책지는 진헌지보다 더욱 많은 수량의 수요가있었다. 비록 책지는 상대적으로 종이의 품질이 낮아도 큰 문제는 없었지만, 그 수요량은 다른 종이에 비할 바가 아니었다. 증가하는 종이 수요에 맞춰 그 생산을 늘리는 과정에서 종이를 만들었던 백성의 폐해가 수반될 수밖에 없었다. 따라서 조선 조정은 백성의 고충을 해결하면서 공급량을 늘리기 위해 노력하였고, 그 노력의 결과 중에 하나가 종이 원료의 다양화를 통한 배합지의 생산이었다. 세종은 진헌지를 생산했던 조지소를 통해 다양한 책지 생산량 확보 방안을 마련하고자 노력하였고, 특히 책지를 만드는 종이 원료에 주목하였다. 세종은 이미 1420년대부터 종이 원료의 다양화 방법에 대해 연구하여대나무 잎, 소나무 잎, 볏짚 등의 원료로 출판을 시험하였다. 세종시대 다양화된 종이 원료는 1434년 간행한 『자치통감훈의』를 통해 알 수 있는데, 이 책에는 볏짚 등의원료에 닥나무를 5:1의 비율로 섞어서 만든 배합지가 사용되었다. 이후에도 조선 조정은 종이 생산력 확대와백성의 폐해를 줄이기 위해 지속적인 종이 원료 다양화 방법을 고민하였다. 1450년대에는 수요가 많았던 책지에 대해서 각 지방의 특성에 맞는 배합지를 생산하여 수요를 충당하고자 하였다. 이와 같은 배합지 생산은 종이 품질을 극도로 낮춘 세조 연간의 잡초지로 가장 절정에 이르렀다고 할 수 있다.

3개 기독교교육 학술지 논문제목에 나타난 주제어 동향분석 연구

임창호 한국기독교교육학회 2019 기독교교육논총 Vol.0 No.60

This research paper is a comprehensive analysis of 1,025 academic papers that have been published over 13 years (Jan. 2006 – Dec. 2018) in the academic journals of the three main Christian education academic associations in Korea (Korean Society of Christian Religious Education, Korea Society for Christian Education & Information Technology, and the Korean Society of Evangelical Christian Education). Although there are existing research papers that have focused on the thematic trends of Christian education academic papers, this paper is the first to focus specifically on the papers published in the three main Korean Christian education academic associations. The reason why this paper focuses on these three academic associations is that the majority of Christian education scholars in Korea is affiliated with one or more of these associations. The reason for this research paper's focus on the last 13 years of Christian education academic literature in Korea is that prior periods have already been covered in a Christian education literature compendium, published by Professor Oh In-tak, that comprehensively analyzes and catalogues the Bibliography of Christian Education Academic Literature between 1945 and 2005 in Korea. The author of this research paper is the successor of Professor Oh's compendium and will be publishing a new edition of the compendium that further covers the Christian education academic literature of the past 13years (publication expected in January 2020). This research paper draws on the research conducted in connection with the new edition of the compendium and specifically focuses on the academic literature produced by the three main Korean Christian education academic associations. This paper has categorized the titles of the 1,025 academic papers into 52 sub-themes, which can be captured under the 3 major themes of (i) "church and faith"-related themes (13 sub-themes), (ii) "education"-related themes (24 sub-themes), and (iii) "situation"-related themes (15 sub-themes). The paper analyzes the frequency of appearance of the 3 major themes and the 52 sub-themes in the academic paper titles. The results of the analysis reveal that the sub-themes that appeared with the highest frequencies under (i) "church and faith" were faith, spirituality, Bible / Scripture, and community, (ii) "education" were Christian education, youth, parents, teachers, and character, and (iii) "situation" were Korean reunification (peace), culture and multi-culture, environment and ecosystem, and elderly (aging society). On the other hand, the sub-themes that appeared with the lowest frequencies under (i) "church and faith" were God's land, mission work, and doctrine, (ii) "education" were public education, entrance examination, and continuing education, and (iii) "situation" were violence and other themes related to the 4th industrial revolution. The three most common individuals to appear as sub-themes across all 3 major themes were Calvin, Comenius, and Jesus. Notably, the analysis shows that Korean individuals were rarely the thematic subjects of these academic papers, and references to Biblical characters were predominantly focused on Jesus and Paul. One conclusion of the paper is that Christian education scholars in Korea should focus their academic research more on the individuals that have played an important role in the 136 year-long history of the development of Christian education in Korea. 본 연구는, 한국을 대표하는 3개 기독교교육학회(한국기독교교육학회, 한국기독교교육정보학회, 한국복음주의기독교교육학회)의 학술지(기독교교육논총, 기독교교육정보, 복음과교육)에 지난 13년간(2006.01-2018.12) 게재된 1,025개의 논문을 분석한 연구이다. 지금까지 기독교교육 연구논문 분석에 대한 몇 번의 선행연구가 있었지만, 위 3개 학술지에 실린 논문만을 대상으로 비교 연구하는 것은 본 연구가 처음이다. 특별히 이 세 학술지를 선택한 이유는, 한국 기독교교육학자들 대부분이 이 3학회 중 어느 한 곳에 속해 있거나 또한 중복하여 활동하고 있기 때문이다. 연구대상 논문을 굳이 최근 13년간으로 한정하게 된 이유는 다음과 같다. 오인탁교수가 1945년부터 2005년까지 60년 동안의 한국기독교교육학문헌목록을 수집하고 분류하고 분석하는 연구를 수행하였는데, 이어진 후속연구는 자연스럽게 2006년 이후의 것이 되었다. 공교롭게도 필자가 후속연구자가 되어 2018년 12월까지 13년 동안의 기독교교육학 연구문헌들을 최종 편집하게 되었다(2020년 1월 발행 예정). 13년 동안 수집 된 한국기독교교육학문헌 목록내용 중, 3개 학술지에 실린 논문만을 별도로 선정하여 본 연구에서 분석한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 3개 학술지 1,025 논문 제목에 나타난 주요 52개 주제어를, 교회와 신앙영역(13항목), 교육영역(24항목), 상황적 영역(15항목) 등 세 영역으로 분류하여 연구빈도수를 분석하였다. 분석된 연구빈도수는 다시 전체별, 학술지별로 분석하였다. 이렇게 하여 살펴본 결과, 교회와 신앙 영역에서는 신앙, 영성, 성경(성서), 공동체 등이, 교육영역에서는 기독교교육, 청소년, 부모, 교사, 인성 등이, 상황적 영역에서는 통일(평화), 문화 및 다문화, 환경(생태), 노인(고령) 등의 항목이 높은 연구빈도수를 나타내 보였다. 반면, 교회와 신앙 영역에서는 하나님 나라, 선교, 교리 등이, 교육영역에서는 공교육, 입시, 평생교육 등이, 상황적 영역에서는 폭력, 4차산업혁명 관련 항목들에 대한 연구빈도수가 가장 적게 나타났다. 인물연구 영역에 있어서는 세 학술지가 공통적으로 칼빈, 코메니우스, 예수를 가장 많이 다루고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 모든 학술지가 공통적으로 한국인물에 대한 연구가 인색한 것과, 성경인물 연구는 예수와 바울 두 사람만 다루어진 것을 볼 수가 있었다. 선교 136년을 맞이하는 선교한국의 기독교교육자들에 대한 연구와 성경인물에 대한 연구가 적극적으로 이루어져야 한다고 보아진다.

The Improvement of the Opacity and Printing Strength of Fancy Paper Overlaid Plywood

LAN-SHENG KUO,YUAN-SHING PERNG,EUGENE I-CHEN WANG,CHEN-FA YEN,TSUEN-HAN KAO 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the opacity and printing strength of MG paper overlaid plywood. The printing strength of ink on MG paper can be evaluated effectively by a formula E<SUP>*2</SUP> = [(L<SUP>*</SUP>)<SUP>2</SUP> + (a<SUP>*</SUP>)<SUP>2</SUP> + (b<SUP>*</SUP>)<SUP>2</SUP>]<SUP>1/2</SUP> that we proposed. Higher E value indicates good printing strength of ink-on-paper. We also assess the real color of translucent printed MG paper with a formula CIE △E<SUP>*</SUP> (color difference between a pile of same paper to be opaque and fancy paper laminated board). In addition, the color difference on paper surface caused by the color of wood-based board (bottom) can be evaluated by a formula of Pc. No. Generally, an acceptable appearance quality of fancy boards is △E<SUP>*</SUP> < 2.0 and small Pc.No. value. The experimental results showed that Japan-made MG papers ?J1, J2 and J3 have better printing strength and gloss than that of Taiwan-made paper (T1). The reason for this was that Taiwan-made paper has poor printing strength and low gloss, which might be correlated to the fiber compositions in paper. Higher printing strength can be seen for short fiber containing handsheets when comparing to that of handsheets. Nonetheless, low-freeness sheets gives better printing strength than that of high-freeness sheets. High-opacity MG paper gives good opacifying effect to the fancy paper laminated wood-based boards. Comparing the surface color of 2 kinds of fancy paper laminated boards, paperboard T1 laminated with high-opacity fancy paper showed slight color difference. The same results can be seen for ?? g/㎡ handsheets. Higher-opacity Acacia and Eucalyptus bleached sulfate pulps (short fiber) gives higher opacifying effect on the plywood when comparing to Northan pine and Radiata pine sulfate pulps(long fiber). The former ones also showed small color differences when comparing the color differences between the color of fancy paper and laminated paper board. Additionally, the color of bottom plywood can’t be shown through for the highopacify surface paper adhered to. Besides, the PC No of the base paper laminated board is small as well. Apparently, we can add colorants to the binders for the manufacture of various handsheets (30 g/㎡) with various pulp mix ratios to increase the opacity of paperboards to certain extents. When we using yellow and brown binders in paper laminated board, the color difference between Acacia and Eucalyptus handsheets overlaid boards decreasing to 2.0 (acceptable △E<SUP>*</SUP>< 2.0, hard to discern), but not much improvement for Northern and Radiata pines. Definitely, show-through defects can be discernible for lower opacity papers. In general, admirable printing strength of fancy paper by which glued to plywood can be made with high-opacity paper and colored binders techniques.