신제도주의에 기반한 국내 교육정책연구의 동향과 과제

윤인재,나민주 한국교육정치학회 2013 敎育政治學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

이 연구에서는 신제도주의에 기반한 국내 교육정책연구의 동향, 성과, 한계를 정리하고, 향후 연구 방향과 과제를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해서 먼저 신제도주의의 이론적 동향을 개관하고, 교육정책 분야에서 신제도주의적 관점을 활용한 국내 연구의 특징과 한계를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 교육정책연구에서 신제도주의적 접근의 향후 전망과 과제를 제시하였다. 그동안의 국내 연구들은 대부분 경험연구로서 초기 신제도주의의 주요 개념을 원용하였고, 제도변화를 정권교체라는 외생요인에 의해 단절적으로 설명하고 있으며, 제도 및 정책 변화에서 행위자가 배제되어 엄밀한 논리적 메커니즘을 결여하고 있었다. 주로 문헌연구에만 의존하는 등 연구방법상의 취약점도 안고 있다. 앞으로 신제도주의적 교육정책연구에서는 분파별 이론적 강점 공유를 통한 현실 타당성 제고, 교육현장에 대한 경험연구의 확대, 사회현상의 인과기제를 설명할 엄밀한 연구방법, 그리고 구조와 행위의 통합에 대한 보다 전향적인 논의가 필요하다. This study examined trends, results and the limitations of studies of educational policies that are based on new institutionalism, and accordingly explored possible future directions and issues. To achieve this, this study first took a general view of the theoretical trend of three schools representative of new institutionalism; historical new institutionalism, rational choice institutionalism, and sociological new institutionalism. Afterwards, their features and the limitations of those domestic studies that had applied a view of new institutionalism in the educational policy field were analyzed. Based on these findings, directions for a new institutional approach in the educational policy field are presented. Previous studies were mostly empirical research that quoted the main notion of early new institutionalism, and explained a punctuated equilibrium model on institutional change through a change of political power, an exogenous factor that lacked a strict logical mechanism, since it excluded the agency in change of institution and policy. Moreover, previous studies have revealed flaws in their method of research in that they have greatly depended on documentary records. Henceforth, the study of new institutional education policy requires more prospective discussion on the increase of reality validity by sharing the theoretical strengths of each school and extending the empirical research of educational fields. And it also needs strict research method that will elucidate the cause-and-effect mechanism of social phenomena and meta-theoretical study and application research based on the integration of structure and agency.

신제도주의 관점을 적용한 교육정책연구 동향 분석

이영신 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.13

Objectives This study examined the educational policy research based on the theory of new institutionalism and analyzed the trend of educational policy research applying the new institutionalism perspective from 2013 to 2021 to provide the direction of future educational policy research. Methods For this purpose, 58 studies using the new institutionalism perspective were selected as the subjects of analysis through three stages of literature research method and the trends were analyzed by opening related research materials. In the first stage, the analysis criteria were selected by examining the preceding studies related to the trend of education policy research applying new institutionalism. In the second stage, the related papers were investigated with the keywords ‘new institutionalism’ and ‘education’, and then the educational policy research materials were classified according to the analysis criteria. In the third stage, each research was analyzed according to the analysis area and standards. Results As a result of the study, educational policy research applying the theory and concept of new institutionalism has been actively conducted so far, and there have been many studies using integrated analysis frameworks emphasizing interest in institutional change and the role of actors. In terms of research topics, 58 papers from 2013 to 2021 were conducted evenly in the whole of educational policy studies based on new institutionalism. In terms of research methods, educational policy research has been conducted mainly on literature research, and qualitative research has gradually increased since 2013, but the proportion of quantitative research and mixed research has been relatively low. Conclusions The new institutionalism theory can be a useful approach to analyze educational policy, and it can increase the explanation power of the theory if it is applied to the education policy research after highlighting the issues of the analysis theory by grasping the issues and limitations of the theory. 목적 본 연구는 신제도주의 이론을 기반으로 한 교육정책연구를 살펴보고 향후 교육정책연구의 방향성을 제공하기 위해 2013년부터 2021년까지 신제도주의 관점을 적용한 교육정책연구의 동향을 분석하였다. 방법 이를 위해 문헌연구 방법을 중심으로 3단계를 거쳐 국내의 교육정책연구에서 신제도주의 관점을 활용한 58편의 연구를 분석대상으로 선정하여 관련 연구물을 개관하여 동향을 분석하였다. 1단계에서는 신제도주의를 적용한 교육정책연구 동향 관련 선행연구를 살펴봄으로써 분석 기준을 선정하였고, 2단계에서는 ‘신제도주의’와 ‘교육’을 키워드로 관련 논문을 전수 조사 한 뒤 분석 기준에 따라 교육정책연구물을 분류하였다. 3단계에서는 각 연구물을 분석 영역과 기준에 따라 분석하였다. 결과 연구 결과, 신제도주의 이론 및 개념을 적용한 교육정책연구가 현재까지 활발히 이루어지고 있었으며 제도 변화에 대한 관심과행위자의 역할을 강조하면서 통합적 분석틀을 활용한 연구가 다수 존재하였다. 연구주제 측면에서 2013년 이후 2021년까지 58편의 논문들이 신제도주의를 기반으로 한 교육정책연구가 전반적으로 고르게 이루어졌다. 연구방법 측면에서 문헌연구를 중심으로교육정책연구가 상당히 이루어져 왔고, 질적연구도 2013년 이후 점차 증가하였지만 상대적으로 양적연구와 혼합연구의 비중이 낮게 나타났다. 결론 신제도주의 이론은 교육정책을 분석하는데 유용한 접근 방식이 될 수 있으며 이론이 갖고 있는 쟁점과 한계를 파악하여 분석이론의 쟁점을 부각시킨 뒤, 교육정책연구에 적용한다면 이론이 갖고 있는 설명력을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

담론적 제도주의란 무엇인가? 커뮤니케이션 이론 및 연구방법론의 함의

백영민,강현희 한국언론학회 2021 커뮤니케이션 이론 Vol.17 No.2

This study deals with ‘discursive institutionalism,’ a newly suggested and advocated institutionalism since mid-2000s in social scientific disciplines, and how discursive institutionalism can be utilized to enrich our understandings of communication theories and methods. In social sciences before 2000s, three theories of new institutionalism had been introduced and adopted to explain ‘what the institution is’ and ‘how the institution is formed and maintained’: (1) rational choice institutionalism arguing human institutions are the results of human behaviors to maximize private interests with bounded rationality, (2) historical institutionalism emphasizing the influence of the past structure or experience on the working of the present institution, usually termed ‘path dependency,’ and (3) sociological institutionalism highlighting the influence of culture, value, or norm shared and held by social members on the institution based on the logic of appropriateness. Discursive institutionalism is a newly suggested institutionalism emphasizing the role of ideas comprising discourse in the formation and change of the institution in modern societies. After describing the discursive institutionalism, this study introduces several communication studies utilizing discursive institutionalism, and discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages, in terms of theoretical cogency and methodological soundness. 본 논문에서는 2000년도 중반 이후 사회과학에 등장한 ‘담론적 제도주의(discursive institutionalism)’를 소개하고, 커뮤니케이션 이론 및 방법론 관점에서 어떤 의미와 위상을 가질 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 2000년도 이전까지 사회과학에서 소개된 다양한 신제도주의 이론들로서 (1) ‘제한된 합리성’ 개념을 기반으로 경제적 인간관을 근거로 제안된 ‘합리적 선택 신제도주의’, (2) ‘경로의존성’ 개념에 바탕을 둔 ‘역사적 신제도주의’, (3) 인간 활동영역에서 ‘규범·문화의 적절한 적용’을 강조하는 ‘사회학적 신제도주의’를 개략적으로 소개한 후, 새로이 등장한 담론적 제도주의가 기존 신제도주의 이론들과 어떻게 다른지 커뮤니케이션 연구 관점에서 간략하게 논의하였다. 이후 담론적 제도주의가 저널리즘 제도의 등장 및 변화, 미디어 정책담론의 형성·변화 과정, 여론변화, 커뮤니케이션 개입(intervention) 등과 같은 커뮤니케이션 연구분야에 어떤 의미를 가질 수 있을지 논의한 후, 담론적 제도주의를 핵심어로 정성적·정량적 연구방법의 통합가능성에 대해 논의하였다.

신제도주의 관점에서 본 택지개발 제도변화 분석: 공영택지개발 도입시기를 중심으로

유기현,서순탁 국토연구원 2015 국토연구 Vol.85 No.-

This study aims to analyze institutional change for land development from the perspective of New Institutionalism. In other words, it analyzes the mechanism starting 1980, which sustained existing institutions by then and brought about new institutional change thereafter. For the purpose, this study analyzes institutional contexts that sustained and changed systems of each regime by using institutional change processes and theoretical approaches, which are recent major issues of new institutionalism, and investigated if each regime maintained existing pattern or sought for new pattern. As a result, it was analyzed that according to different institutional contexts that are composed of environmental and behavioral variables at the time of each regime, different result was induced, that is maintaining existing pattern or seeking for a new pattern. Through the results, it was found that the core factors of institutional continuity and institutional change are environmental variable and behavioral variable, in terms of an institutional structure. These two variables bring about institutional change through operation and choice of two variables and interactions between the variables. Therefore, institution of the future will be restricted by environmental variables, which corresponds to the plan to abolish Housing Site Development Promotion Act in 2014. Land development system in the future as well will seek for institutional change in the mechanism of current institutional context. 본 논문은 신제도주의 관점에서 택지개발 제도변화 분석을 목적으로 한다. 즉 1980년을 기준으로 이전까지 제도가 지속되고, 이후 제도변화를 가져온 메커니즘을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 최근 신제도주의 주요 쟁점인 제도변화 과정 및 요인분석의 이론적 접근방법을 사용하여 제도가 지속되고 변화하게 되었던 제도적 맥락 분석을 통해 제도가 기존 패턴을 유지하는지 아니면 새로운 패턴을 모색하는지에 대한 정책 결과의 도출 과정을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 환경 및 행위변수로 구성된 제도적 맥락이 다름에 따라 기존 패턴의 유지와 새로운 패턴의 모색이라는 상이한 결과가 도출된 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 제도의 구조적 속성상 제도지속과 제도변화의 핵심적 요인은 환경적 변수와 행위변수이며, 이들 두 변수들이 각각의 작동과 선택, 그리고 변수 간 상호작용을 통해 제도변화가 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 미래의 제도는 현재의 환경변수에 의해 제약을 받을 수밖에 없으며 2014년 「택지개발촉진법」의 폐지안도 이와 일맥상통한다. 향후 택지개발제도 역시 현재의 제도적 맥락의 메커니즘 속에서 제도변화를 모색하고 있음을 시사한다.

A Critique of New Institutionalism

HONG Ki-joon(홍기준) 한국정치학회 2014 한국정치학회보 Vol.48 No.6

이 논문은 신제도주의가 사회적 창발성을 설명하지 못하는 이론적 한계를 지적하고 경로창발성이라는 대안이론을 제시하기 위하여 시도되었다. 신제도주의는 합리적 선택 제도주의, 역사적 제도주의, 사회학적 제도주의, 담론적 제도주의로 분화되어 제도의 발생과 변화를 설명하고 있으나 개인과 사회간의 상호작용을 통해 일어나는 창발성을 이론적으로 설명하지 못한다. 창발론자들은 행위자의 언어적 소통이 가장 중요한 요인이라고 주장하고 있으나 창발성을 일으키는 메커니즘을 규명하고 있지 못하고 있다. 이러한 이론적 한계에 착안하여 본 논문은 신제도주의의 대안이론을 모색하기 위하여 ‘형태발생의 장’, ‘사회적 공명’, ‘자기조직임계성’, ‘공진화’가 사회적 창발성을 일으키는 메커니즘이라고 주장한다. 경로창발성 이론은 제도의 창발과정에서 행위자간의 언어를 통한 소통행위가 가장 핵심적인 요인이라 설명한다. This article presents “path emergence” as an alternative theory posing theoretical challenge to new institutionalism. Perhaps the most common criticism of the new institutionalisms is that they do not adequately explain social emergence in the micro-macro link. Any account of social emergence in the micro-macro link needs to explain the “symbolic communication” as the most important missing link in social emergence. However, the new institutionalisms have proven only partially successful in this regard. The new institutionalisms need to be integrated by the further incorporation of social emergence theories. In this respect, path emergence theory can be an alternative to the new institutionalisms. Path emergence theory explains social emergence in the micro-macro link in terms of morphogenetic fields, social resonance, self-organized criticality, and co-evolution. This theory explains how the embodied habits and skills of symbolic communication generate social emergence by providing a linkage between institutional structure, relational structure, and individual agency on an ontological basis.

의약품 임상시험에서 피험자 보호

위계찬 대한의료법학회 2012 의료법학 Vol.13 No.2

This study focuses on the protection of trial subjects, who participate in clinical trials for new drug. It takes long time to develop new drugs and the clinical trials are required. Usually, pharmaceutical company, which develop new drug, request a research institution(usually, hospital) to investigate the examination of security and side effects of new drug. The institution recruit trial subject to participate in the trials. The contract for clinical research of investigational new drug is concluded between the pharmaceutical company and the institution. This thesis studies the legal regulations for protection of participants of clinical research for new drug. In this respect the first matter of this study is to seek which relation between pharmaceutical firm and participants of clinical trials. Especially, there is a question which the trial subject is entitled to demand the pharmaceutical company which requested clinical trials the institution to supply the investigational new drug, after the contract for clinical trials had terminated or cancelled. This study take into account the liability of the pharmaceutical company to trial subject. Secondly, it is researched the roles and authority of Institutional Review Board(IRB). IRB is Research Ethics Committee of the institution, in which clinical trials for new drug are conducted. According to the rule of Korea good clinical practice(KGCP), IRB is the mandatory organization which is authorized to approve, secure approval or disapprove the clinical trials for investigational new drug in the institution. The important roles are the review of ethical perspective of trial research and the protection of trial subject. Thirdly, this paper focuses if the participants are to be paid for the participation for clinical research. This is ethical aspect of clinical trials. It is resonable that the participant is reimbursed for expenditure such as travels, and other expenses incurred in participation in trials. It is not allowed that the benefit of clinical trials is paid to trial subject. The payment should not function as financial inducements for participations of trials. Finally, the voluntary consent of the trial subject is required. The institution ought to inform the subject, who would like to participate in trials, and it ought to received informed consent in writing for subject. In this regard, it is matter that trial subject has ability of consent. It is principle that the subject as severely psychogeriatric patient has not ability of consent. However, it is required that not only healthy people but also patients are allowed to take part in clinical trials of new drug, in order to confirm which the investigation new drug is secure. Therefore there are cases, in which the legal representative of subject consent the participation of the trials. In addition, it is very important that the regulations concerning clinical trials of new drug is to be systematically well-modified. The approach of legal and political approach is needed to achieve this purpose.

신제도주의 관점에서 본 : 카투사제도의 지속성에 관한 연구

이일수 ( Lee Ill-sue ) 한국군사학회 2017 군사논단 Vol.92 No.-

The following thesis conducted a case study of the KATUSA program through a new-institutionalist lens. The KATUSA program, established as a temporary emergency agreement during war, has been firmly maintained throughout the last 70 years. The author conducted a case study on the reason behind the program still being maintained while being true to its roots by researching and analyzing the various factors that impacted this program from a new-institutionalist perspective. The academic purpose of this thesis is to replenish institutionalism, while providing the policy implications for a way ahead into the future of the KATUSA program. The critical question for this thesis is the following: which factors have contributed to strengthening and sustaining the KATUSA program over the last 70 years, and which factors impact the program for its institutional changes. By reviewing existing research on new-institutionalism, the factors that contribute to institutional persistence are structural factors in the institutional context, the actors who participate in decision making, and the external environment. Therefore, the focus of this thesis was mainly investigating the aforementioned three factors-structure, actors, and the external environment. So the main cause of changes related to policy changes and institutional sustainment consist of first, the interaction between actors based on their intentional actions and selections; second, the institutional structure restraining actors; third, the macro-external environment which could change the structural context, which were the basis of this thesis to study how each factor have influenced the KATUSA program reviewing the historical transition. The KATUSA program within its framework that it was established as a norm over a long period of time due to the unique circumstances within the Republic of Korea along with the ROK-US interests, was able to form its unique institution that went beyond a military organization. Through mutual interaction of the actors involved in the decision making process, it has become the program that we know today. The external factor of each generations, which are comprised of environmental and internal actor’s actions, along with the structural factor, which limited the institutional transition or changes of the KATUSA program showed it to be path dependent projecting micro changes to the program, this leading to maintaining the current institution. Particularly, the Persistence of KATUSA program continues under the unique environment of the Korean Peninsula, which includes political, economic, social, military, and security factors, and along with the mutual interests of the actors within the two governments and their military leaders, has proven itself to be a specific yet practical institution through the strong ROK-US Alliance. And the KATUSA program over time, within the structural institution’s decision making structure and command system, has become a common practice by sustaining its initial momentum when the program was first founded, and has continuously been strengthened. Due to these reasons, the principles of the KATUSA program has been continuously persisted by applying small modifications and improvements to its issues, and the fact that it has become customary as an existing factor gives beneficial implications in regards to the study of persistent factors in institutionalism.

인권의 제도화에 관한 신제도주의적 접근: 제도의 결합, 경로의존성, 경로창조

이선엽 ( Sun Yeop Lee ) 한국행정사학회 2013 韓國行政史學誌 Vol.32 No.-

‘인권’(human rights)의 문제는 인류의 보편적 지향이고 가치라고 할 것이다. 이 연구는 신제도주의 이론의 각 분파가 갖고 있는 장점을 수렴하여, ``인권 아이디어’의 제도화와 경로(path)를 연구하는 것이다. 또한, 오늘날 인권현실의 문제는 철학적 담론이 부족한 것이 아니라, 이를 보장하는 장치가 중요하다는 제도론적 입장에서 진단하고 있다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국은‘지배아이디어(dominant idea)’와‘저항아이디어’(resistant idea)인‘인권 아이디어’간의 투쟁이었다. 즉, 성장과 분배, 차별과 평등, 순혈주의와 다문화주의, 응보와 교화, 독재와 반독재 아이디어와의 끝없는 경쟁속에 있었다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 인권의 아이디어는 일제의 경찰국가적 아이디어가‘강압에 의한 동형화’(coercive isomorphism)로 인해, 조선에서의 인권은 말살되었다. 그리고, 이승만 정권’과 ‘군사권위주의 정권’에서도 인권 아이디어의 제도화는 이루지 못했다. 단, 인권운동가(human rights activist)들의 활동이 ‘저항 아이디어’의 지속적 확산으로 이어져, 한국사회 내에 ‘인권제도’를 배태(embeddedness)시키는 동력이 되었다. 셋째, 민주화 정권이 수립되고, 2001년에 이르러 ‘인권제도’는 경로창조(path creation)의 길을 열었다. 이를 승계한 노무현 정권은 김대중 정권의 인권제도를 계승하면서, 행위자의 전략적 ``자기강화``(self-reinforcement)의 과정으로 이행했다. 넷째, ‘중대한 전환점’(critical juncture)에서 보수정권으로 교체되고, 인권의식이 결여된 기업인 출신의 지도자를 맞이함으로써, ‘경로퇴각(path retreat)’을 하게 되고, 결국 ‘인권제도’는 다시 과거의‘표현형’(phenotype)인 제도로 복원된다. 다섯째, 창조된 새로운 제도라고 할지라도, 구 제도의‘잠재적 유전자(potential genes)’가 남아 있으며, 언제든지 표현형이 될 수 있다. 특히, 이질적 제도’(heterogeneous institutions)의 결합이 그러하다. The issue of ``human rights`` involves the value of pursuing the universalism of mankind. This study set out to explore the institutionalization and paths of human rights ideas through the convergence of the advantages of each New institutionalism branch. The issue of human rights lies in the institutionalism perspective that advocates the importance of a mechanism to ensure philosophical discourses rather than the lack of philosophical discourses. The research findings are as follows: First, South Korea is in a struggle between “dominant ideas” and ``resistant ideas`` or ``human rights ideas``. That is, it is in constant ``competitions of growth`` vs. ``distribution``, ``discrimination`` vs. ``equality``, ``cultural racism`` vs. ``multiculturalism``, ``retribution`` vs. ``rehabilitation``, and ``dictatorship`` vs. ``antidictatorship``. Second, ``human right`s were obliterated in Chosun due to the ``coercive isomorphism`` of “Polizeitstaat idea” of Japanese imperialism. There was no institutionalization of ``human rights ideas`` under the ‘Syngman Rhee regime`` and ``Military authoritarian regime``. However, the activities of human rights activists led to the steady diffusion of ``resistant ideas`` and became the driving force behind the “human rights institutions” embedded in South Korean society. Third, following the establishment of a democratic regime, ``human rights institutions`` opened up ``path creation`` in 2001. Succeeding path creation, ``the Roh Moo-hyun regime`` inherited ``the Kim Dae-joong regime`` and moved toward strategically manipulated ``self-reinforcement process`` by actors Fourth, there was a change to a ``conservative regime`` at a major ``critical juncture`` with a businessman with no consciousness of human rights elected as the leader. As a result, the nation witnessed “path retreat” with the ``human rights institutions`` eventually restored to the old institution, the ``phenotype`` of the past. Finally, Even a ``new`` institution created retains potential genes of the past institutions and can become phenotype any time, especially in the case of the hybrid of heterogeneous institutions.

일반대학 유지충원율에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

설가인,선소정,박나경,정제영 한국교육행정학회 2022 敎育行政學硏究 Vol.40 No.3

This study considers the ratio of new entrants and enrolled students to the institutional entrance quota as an important indicator of the subsistence of universities. Furthermore, it examines the patterns of the academic and research environment and performances at high- to low-ranking universities for this ratio by analyzing trends in 2017-2020. Universities were classified into three categories of A (high), B (middle), and C (low) ranks according to their ratio of new entrants and enrolled students to the institutional entrance quota for 2021. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted using the mean value of rankings for each university in 2017-2019 to investigate the factors that affect the ratio of new entrants and enrolled students to the institutional entrance quota. According to university trends by ranking, while all variables did not show consistent patterns, there were more national/public universities and capital area universities in the A rank than in the B or C ranks, and the size of these universities tended to be larger than in the other two ranks. The analysis results for the factors affecting the ratio of new entrants and enrolled students to the institutional entrance quota show that national/public universities, universities in the capital area, and larger universities tend to have a positive effect on the ratio, and the impact of the variables of university characteristics was quite large. Conversely, the distinct influence of the variables of the academic and research environment was relatively small, but that of the variables of performance was relatively strong. This study verified that due to the great impacts of the variables of university characteristics that are determined since the institutions’ establishment and the variables of academic and research performance among universities with fixed rankings, the ratio of new entrants and enrolled students to the institutional entrance quota could act as another factor that solidifies the standing of universities. Therefore, this study suggests that policy efforts should be made to close the gap between these higher education institutions. 본 연구에서는 유지충원율을 대학 존속 여부를 가늠할 주요 지표로 간주하고, 유지충원율 상위~하위 대학이 교육·연구 여건 및 성과에서 어떤 양상을 보였는지 2017~2020년의 추이를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 2021년 기준 유지충원율에 따라 일반대학을 A(상), B(중), C(하)등급으로 구분하였고, 유지충원율에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히기 위해 2017~2019년 대학별 평균치를 활용하여 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 등급에 따른 대학의 추이를 살펴본 결과, 모든 변수가 동일한 패턴을 보이지 않았지만 A등급은 B, C등급에 비해 국·공립대학과 수도권 대학의 비중이 높았고, 대학의 규모가 큰 편이었다. 그리고 교사시설 확보율, 전임교원 확보율, 학생 1인당 교육비, 전임교원 1인당 연구비, 취업률, 전임교원 1인당 연구실적, 학생 1인당 재정지원사업 수혜액이 가장 높았고, 특히 전임교원 1인당 연구비 및 학생 1인당 재정지원사업 수혜액의 등급 간 격차가 매우 컸다. 한편, 유지충원율에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과, 국·공립대학일수록, 수도권 대학일수록, 대학의 규모가 클수록 유지충원율에 정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 대학 특성 변수의 영향력이 상당하였다. 반면 교육·연구 여건 변수의 고유한 영향력은 상대적으로 작았고, 전임교원 확보율이 높을수록, 학생 1인당 교육비가 낮을수록 유지충원율에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 교육·연구 성과 변수의 경우, 취업률과 전임교원 1인당 연구실적이 높을수록, 학생 1인당 재정지원사업 수혜액이 많을수록 유지충원율에 정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 성과 변수의 고유한 영향력은 비교적 컸다. 본 연구를 통해 비수도권 소규모 사립대학일수록 학생 충원에 어려움을 겪고 있음이 실증되었다. 그리고 대학 설립 당시부터 고정된 대학 특성 변수와 이미 상·하위 대학 간 격차가 고착화 된 교육·연구 성과 변수의 영향력이 커 유지충원율 또한 대학 서열화를 더욱 공고히 하는 요소로 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이에 대학 간 격차를 완화하고, 고등교육 전반의 경쟁력을 강화해 나가려는 정책적 노력이 필요함을 강조하였다.

신제도주의 관점에서 분석한 대학구조조정 과정

김병모 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2005 교육과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 동형화(isomorphism)라는 신제도주의의 틀을 사용하여 대학구조조정의 발생?확산되는 과정을 분석하는데 있다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 문서자료 분석과 인터뷰를 병행하였다. 인터뷰는 대학의 담당실무자를 중심으로 2005년 1월 26일에서 12월 2일 중에 각 3회씩 비공식적 형식을 통해서 전화인터뷰를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 강압적 동형화, 모방적 과정, 그리고 규범적 압력이라는 사회학적 신제도주의 각각의 틀이 구조조정 과정에서 획일적으로 적용되었다기보다 복합적인 과정으로 이루어졌다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 각 대학들이 통합과정에서 행?재정적으로 효율성을 고려했다는 점에서 효율성을 기반 한 행위를 무시하는 등 사회학적 신제도주의가 갖는 한계를 엿볼 수 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 제도적 동형화를 통하여 대학 구조조정 과정을 기술?분석한 것은 사회학적 신제도주의의 외연을 확장시키고 이론의 적합성 여부를 확인?시도했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process about happening and spreading of university restructuring through framework called isomorphism of new institutionalism. For this purpose, I run parallel with written data analysis and phone interview. The interview was carried out informal phone interview three times with university staffs in charge of restructuring process from January 26, 2005 to December 2, 2005. The results of this research are as follows: Firstly, I found that frameworks of sociologic new institutionalism consisting of coercive isomorphism, mimetic process, normative pressures would rather be usually fulfilled by synthetic course than uniformly applied by each course - coercive isomorphism, mimetic process, normative pressures- in university restructuring process. Secondly, I found that limitation - error disregarding behaviors based on self profit and efficiency - pointed about sociologic new institutionalism was universally applicable in this study in that it really is “to consider efficiency administratively and financially in combining.” Nevertheless, to describe and analyze university restructuring process is to have a important significance in that it is to enlarge extension of sociologic new institutionalism and to confirm propriety of theory.