마가목 선발집단의 엽의 형태적 특성

김세현 ( Kim Se Hyeon ),장용석 ( Jang Yong Seog ),정헌관 ( Jeong Heon Gwan ),박형순 ( Park Hyeong Sun ),조계중 ( Jo Gye Jung ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.5

The objectives of this study, an analysis of the leaf morphological characteristics among the selected ten populations of Sorbus commixta Hedl., could be used fir the conservation of gene resources and could provide information on superior trees selection. The following results were obtained; Approximately, Mt. Sungin population at Ulleung island showed largrr values in overall characteristics and populations. On the other hand, Mt. Halla population at Jeju Island showed the smaller values of the overall characteristics and populations. ANOVA tests showed that there were statistically significant differences in all leaf morphological characteristics among the populations as well as individual trees within populations. Correlation analysis revealed that Length of Pinnate(LP) characteristics have highly positive relationship with the Length of Rachis(LR), and the Length of Terminal Leaflet(LTL) characteristics had highly negative relationship when related to the Terminal Leaflet Morphological Index(TLMI : WTL/LTL) characteristics. The results of principal component analysis(PCA) for leaf morphological characteristics showed that the first for principal componentx(PC`s) explained about 66% of the total variation. The first PC was correlated with those characteristics that were mainly related to the Width of Pinnate(WP), LTL, LP, and Width of Terminal Leaflet(WTL). The second PC was correlated with the TLMI, and Length of upper Rachis(LUR), WTL. Therefore, these characteristics were important to analysis of the variation for leaf morphological characteristics among selected popultions of S. commixta. Cluster analysis using single linkage method based on leaf morphological characteristics showed that ten selected populations of S. commixta could be clustered into five groups. Group I is Mt. Halla at Jeju island, Group Ⅱ is Mt. Sungin ar Ulleung island, Group Ⅲ is Mt. O-dae, Group Ⅳ is Mt. Balwang, and Group Ⅴ comprises Osan, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Duckyou, Mt. Sobaek, Mt. Jiri, and Mt. Taebaek. These results corresponded well with that o principal component analysis.

국내 주요 자생 벚나무류의 꽃 형질 및 화분형태 특성 비교

진언주,윤준혁,성창현,배은지,현화자,정수영,서연옥 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.54 No.5

This study was conducted to provide the basic data for the close relationship status among species and species breeding through a phylogenetic analysis of morphological traits of flower and pollenological characteristics with a focus on Prunus sargentii, Prunus yedoensis, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Prunus serrulata var. pubescens and Prunus pendula, the family of cherry trees valued as landscaping trees. The results of multivariate analysis of the 5 species for 12 morphological characteristics of flowers showed that there was a significant difference in all quantitative trait characteristics. The results of the principal component analysis showed 65.2% explanatory power for up to the third main component. In analyzing morphological characteristics between clones and in identifying the close relationship among species from flower characteristics, morphological characteristics such as the length of the digestive system, flower width, petal width, total flower length, and petal length were revealed to be important traits with a high level of contribution. Additionally, the results of cluster analysis showed that the cherry trees can be primarily divided into three groups according to the morphological characteristics. The results of the analysis of external morphological characteristics of the pollen among the species of cherry trees revealed that the species only showed a difference in the form of germination, and they were otherwise identical form among species. 조경수로 널리 쓰이고 있는 벚나무속 중 산벚나무(Prunus sargentii), 왕벚나무(Prunus yedoensis), 벚나무(Prunus serrulata var. spontanea), 잔털벚나무(Prunus serrulata var. pubescens), 올벚나무(Prunus pendula)을 중심으로 꽃 형질 및 화분학적 특성을 비교분석하여 수종 간 근연관계및 품종육성을 위한 유용한 자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 5 수종에 대한 꽃의 형태적 특성 12형질을 조사하여 다변량분석을 한 결과, 모든 정량적형질특성에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 주성분 분석 결과 제 3주성분까지 65.2%의 설명력을 나타냈으며, 꽃 형질 특성으로부터 종간 유연관계를파악하는데 있어서는 소화경 길이, 꽃 폭, 꽃잎 폭, 총화경 길이, 꽃잎 길이 등이 중요한 형질로서 높은 기여도를 나타내고 있었으며, 군집분석 결과 벚나무류꽃의 형태적 특성에 의해 크게 3개의 group으로 구분되어짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 벚나무류 종간 화분의 외부형태적 특징을 분석한 결과 발아구의형태에서만 차이가 있을 뿐 수종 간 동일한 모두 유사한 형태인 것으로 조사되었다.

갈조류 감태(Ecklonia cava Kjellman) 양식 개체군 형태 형질의 월 변화에 대한 고찰

김승오,유현일,허진석,전시현,이상래,옥정현 한국환경생물학회 2024 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.42 No.1

본 연구는 다년생 갈조류인 감태(Ecklonia cava Kjellman)의 생장에 따른 형태 변화를 비교하여 주요 형질의 특성과 변이 폭을 규명하고자 하였다. 양식 개체군 관찰을 위한 조사는 전라남도 진도군 진도읍 수유리 양식장에서 2018년 4월부터 2019년 11월까지 수행하였다. 감태의 형태 형질은 1차엽, 2차엽, 줄기, 부착기의 형태와 특징에 관한 14개 측정 형질과 4개 비율값의 18개를 선별 조사하였다. 본 양성이 시작되는 유엽 단계는 피침상 또는 장타원형의 단순한 형태를 보였고, 3~4개월에는 짧은 줄기와 부착기 발달, 2차엽으로 발달하는 소엽 형성을 시작하였다. 5~7개월에는 1차엽 양쪽에서 2차엽이 불규칙적으로 발달하고, 8~10개월에는 1차엽 너비의 확대와 2차엽의 신장이 진행되었고, 11~12개월에는 2차엽이 장타원형을 이루며, 13~14개월에는 전체 엽면적이 확대되었다. 15~16개월에는 3차엽 열편이 형성되고, 엽체 모양이 훨씬 복잡해지고, 줄기와 부착기 너비도 증가하였다. 17~18개월에는 2차엽의 발달이 뚜렷해지면서, 열편이 발달한다. 19~20개월에는 3차엽이 다수 발달하고, 자연 개체군의 성숙한 개체와 유사한 형태를 이루었다. 주성분분석에서 양식 개체군의 1차년도(Q1)와 2차년도(Q2) 월별 개체군은 주성분 1(PC1)을 따라 나뉘는데, 2차엽 길이와 너비, 길이/너비, 2차엽 수, 2차엽 거치와 엽면 주름 무늬, 부착기 너비와 관련된다. 성체 모양을 갖는 2차년도 양식 개체군과 자연 개체군은 주성분 2를 따라 제주(J), 동해안(E), 남해안(S)의 순서로 분포하는데, 1차엽 길이와 너비, 줄기의 길이와 직경, 줄기 길이/1차엽 길이와 관련된다. 본 연구에서 조사한 양식 개체군의 형태 형성에 따른 월 변화와 성체의 특정 형질값은 감태의 품종 개발에 중요한 기준이 될 것으로 판단되었다. This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and variation in main traits by comparing the growth of individuals of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under an aquaculture environment. This survey was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 at the aquafarm in Jindo-gun, Jeollanam-do (South coast of Korea). To classify the morphology of individuals in the aquaculture farm of E. cava, we investigated fourteen morphological characteristics and calculated four ratios between the measured values. Juvenile individuals showed a simple or oblong lanceolate, and at 3-4 months, a short stipe and holdfast developed, along with a bladelet that developed into the secondary blade form. At 5-7 months, secondary blades were found to develop irregularly on the primary blade. At 8-10 months, the primary blade expanded and secondary blades elongated. At 11-12 months, the secondary blades became oblong. At 13-14 months, the thallus area expanded. At 15-16 months, tertiary blades were formed, the thallus became more complex, the stipe thickened, and the holdfast widened. At 17-18 months, secondary blades clearly developed along with lobes. At 19-20 months, tertiary blades developed and became similar to mature natural blades. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the monthly population of the first year (Q1) and that of the second year (Q2) of the cultured population were divided along PC1, which is related to secondary blade morphological characteristics and the holdfast width. Q2 and natural populations are distributed in descending order of volume in Jeju (J), East Coast (E), and South Coast (S) along PC2, which is related to primary blade and stipe morphological characteristics. The results of this study were judged to offer important criteria for the development of different varieties of E. cava.

아트메이크업에 응용된 팝아트의 특성 연구

김의형(Eui Hyoung Kim),정숙영(Sook Young Jeong) 한국인체미용예술학회 2014 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Within the field of modern make-up, pop-art make-up has as yet been only partially researched, with few studies on the topic. This study attempted to analyze pop-art factors applied to art make-up through the personal creation of art make-up using pop-art characteristics under the assumption that pop art-based art make-up is closely related to the shapes and colors of the trends in fine arts. As a result, pop-art factors used in art make-up were analyzed by morphological, color and expression-technique characteristics. Morphological characteristics were expressed through repetition and duplication, reproduction of objects and modification of original forms. The color characteristics were presented through clear visual effects, film color and color contrast while the expression-technique characteristics were expressed through happening, combine painting and object. The relationship between art makeup and trends in the fine arts was confirmed. This study is meaningful in that it helps to broaden the field of art makeup and to enhance its artistic values.

한국 산딸기 집단에서 잎 형태 특성에 나타난 표현형 변이

조철민(Min Cheol Cho),허만규(Man Kyu Huh),김세현(Sea-Hyun Kim),조계중(Kye Joong Cho),강창완(Changwan Kang) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.10

Rubus crataegifolius is a shrub species and is primarily distributed throughout Asia and Europe. We collected 550 representative samples of the eleven populations in Korea to estimate leaf variation within species. The 35 morphological characteristics allowed us to resolve well-supported fixed characteristics and variable characteristics. Sixteen of twenty-three quantitative characteristics and five of twelve qualitative characteristics showed significant differences among populations. We argued that the population differentiation can accounted for the variation in phenetic characteristics such as spine in this species, but were less successful in accounting for variation in other traits. Within a polystatistic leaf structure, their morphological differences could be modulated by ecological pressure such as temperature, altitude, duration of sunshine, and solar radiation. The phenogram showed two distinct clades. One was a group in central Korea and the other was a group in the southern regions of Korea. If morphological characteristics in R. crataegifolius populations reflect their ecological niche, morphology should be regarded with caution as the main criterion for population studies in R. crataegifolius.

국내 잔디 주 생산지역에서 수집된 한국잔디류의 형태적 특성 및 생육속도

최준수,양근모,오찬진,배은지 한국잔디학회 2012 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.26 No.1

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the morphological characteristics and growth rates of 101 medium-leaf type zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) collected at the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in South Korea. Collected lines with distinctive morphology and visual growth rate were planted in plastic pots and measured morphological characteristics under the plastic house conditions. Variation of leaf width, plant height, leaf angle, length of leaf sheath, trichome, stolon length, and color were measured. Six lines were selected by evaluating growth rates from one hundred one collected lines. Eight standard cultivars and three other superior lines previously collected were compared to 7 selected lines form Jang seong area by checking growth rates and morphological characteristics. Average leaf blade width was 3.4 mm, leaf angle was 45.8 degree, plant height was 21.6 cm, height of lowest leaf was 5.0 cm, and length of leaf blade was 14.1 cm. Ground cover rates of selected lines ‘CY6097’ and ‘CY6069’ were 70% and 68.3%, respectively. These are believed to be faster than 60% ground cover rate of zoysiagrass ‘Anyang’, and also, twice as faster than the 31.7% ground cover rate of Z. matrella. Selected line ‘CY6069’ showed fast growth rate with shorter internode length (5.1 cm) compared to zoysiagrass ‘Anyang’. Based on the results of this study, we could select useful fast growing zoysiagrass breeding lines from the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in Korea. 본 연구는 국내 잔디 주 생산 단지인 전라남도 장성군지역에 재배되고 있는 한국잔디의 형태적 다양성 평가 및상기 지역에서 수집된 잔디의 생육속도 등 이용성을 평가해 보고자 수행되었다. 총 101개 개체를 수집하였다. 수집개체를 온실에 포트 상태로 생육시킨 후 형태적 특성을조사하였다. 형태적 특성으로는 엽폭, 초장, 잎각도, 잎집길이, 털 유무, 포복경 길이, 엽색 등의 변이를 비교하였으며, 특이성 개체 7개를 선발하였다. 생육속도를 조사하기위해 한국잔디 기존 대조품종 8개와 국내 주 생산단지에서수집된 계통 7개 그리고 육종계통 3개를 비교하였다. 장성징역 수집 잔디 101개체의 평균 엽폭은 3.4 mm로 나타났으며, 잎각도는 45.8도, 초장은 21.6 cm, 최하위 엽의 높이는 5.0 cm 그리고 엽장은 14.1 cm의 특성을 보였다. 피복속도 조사결과 CY6097, CY6069 등이 스프리그 식재 5개월 후 각각 70%, 68.3%의 피복률을 나타내었다. 가장 느린 생육속도를 보인 금잔디의 31.7% 대비 약 2배 빠른 피복속도였다. CY6069의 경우는 피복속도가 안양중지 60.0%보다 빠르면서도 마디간 길이가 5.1 cm로 짧게 나타나 고품질 계통으로 가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 상기 특성평가를 통해 잔디재배 주 생산단지인 장성 지역에서 생육속도가 빠르며, 고품질의 계통의 대표종을 선발할 수 있었다.

Morphological Variation of Cultivated and Weedy Types in Perilla Crop Collected from South Korea

Zhen Yu Fu,사규진,이수경,이주경 한국약용작물학회 2023 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Background: Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) has been widely cultivated and used for medicinal use, aromatic, functional food, and ornamental plant in South Korea. To understand the morphological variation in the cultivated and weedy types of Perilla (CWTP) collected from South Korea, 52 accessions collected from different areas were evlauated using one quantitative and 10 qualitative characteristics. Methods and Results: Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the NTSYS-pc V2.1 program to detect the differences among the accessions of the CWTP. Multivariate analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel Statistical Analysis System. The cultivated P. frutescens var. frutescens and two weedy types of Perilla crop were accurately distinguished based on he 11 morphological characteristics, paricularly seed related traits, used in the study. PCA results showed that, most morphological characteristics such as weight per 100 seeds (QN1), color of leaf adaxial side (QL1), color of leaf abaxial side (QL2), stem color (QL4), flower color (QL5), seed size (QL9), and seed hardness (QL10) provided a significant contribution in the positive or negative direction on the first axis. These characteristics are considered useful for distinguishing between accessions of the CWTP collected from South Korea. Conclusions: The accessions of weedy P. frutescens var. frutescens are located between the accessions of cultivated P. frutescens var. frutescens and the those of weedy P. frutescens var. crispa on the first axis. Although the cultivated and weedy types of P. frutescens var. frutescens and the two weedy types of P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa cannot be completely distinguished, the results provide useful information for future studies on the identification and classification of CWTP germplasm accessions collected from different areas in South Korea

도라지 수집종의 형태적 특성과 SSR마커에 의한 유연관계 분석

엄유리,이이,Mei Lan Jin,이대영,이재원,김금숙,김창국,홍창표,김옥태 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Background : Plant breeding requires the collection of genetically diverse genetic resources. Studies on the characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum resources have not been carried out so far. The present study was carried out to discriminate P. grandiflorum based on morphological characteristics and genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Methods and Results :We collected 11 P. grandiflorum cultivars: Maries II, Hakone double white, Hakone double blue, Fuji white, Fuji pink, Fuji blue, Astra white, Astra pink, Astra blue, Astra semi-double blue and Jangbaek. Analyses of the morphological characteristics of the collection were conducted for aerial parts (flower, stem and leaf) and underground parts (root). Next, the genetic diversity of all P. grandiflorum resources was analyzed using SSR markers employing the DNA fragment analysis method. We determined that the 11 P. grandiflorum cultivars analyzed could be classified by plant length, leaf number and root characteristic. Based on the genetic diversity analysis, these cultivars were classified into four distinct groups. Conclusions : These findings could be used for further research on cultivar development using molecular breeding techniques and for conservation of the genetic diversity of P. grandiflorum. Moreover, the markers could be used for genetic mapping of the plant and marker-assisted selection for crop breeding.

Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Calanthe species native to Korea

조동훈,최영환,강점순,이용재,최인수,이영근,지선옥,김경민,손병구,Cho, Dong-Hoon,Choi, Young-Whan,Kang, Jum-Soon,Lee, Yong-Jae,Choi, In-Soo,Lee, Young-Geun,Jee, Sun-Ok,Kim, Kyung-Min,Son, Beung-Gu Korean Society of Life Science 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 자생 새우난초의 형태적 특성을 조사하고, RAPD법을 이용하여 유전적 다양성을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 자생지에서 화색을 포함한 19가지의 형태적 특성 분류 기준에 따라 새우난초, 금새우난초, 변이종을 각각 3종류씩 9종류를 선발하였다. 잎의 길이와 넓이, 주판(dorsal sepal), 부판(lateral sepal), 꽃잎(petal), 중심 설(central lip),측면 설(lateral lip)은 길이와 넓이에 있어서 새우난초가 가장 짧고 좁았으며, 금새우난초가 가장 길고 넓었다. 화경(flower stalk)의 길이는 새우난초가 가장 짧았고, 금새우난초가 가장 길었으며, 변이종은 위의 각기관의 길이와 넓이에 있어서 새우난초와 금새우난초의 중간정도였다 그러나 거(spur)의 길이는 새우난초가 가장 길었으며, 변이종, 금새우난초의 순이었다. 자방(ovary)의 길이는 새우난초가 가장 짧았고, 금새우난초와 변이종은 비슷하였다. 새우난초의 화색은 CIE Lab 값이 40에서 50사이의 갈색계통이었으며, 금새우난초는 CIE Lab값이 110에서 130사이의 밝은 황색계통이었다. 변이종은 CIE tab 값이 50에서 70사이의 다양한 색을 나타내었다. 유전적 유연관계를 조사하기 위하여 multiple band의 양상을 분석한 결과, 총 305개의 band 중 154개의 polymorphic band를 선발하였다. 이들의 유연관계는 새우난초와 금새우난초가 가장 멀어 새우난초와 금새우난초는 다른 종에 속해있음을 알 수 있었고, 변이종은 유전적으로 새우난초와 금새우난초의 중간에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to research the morphological characteristics and analyze the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species native to Korea. Nine samples were selected by flower color and 19 morphological characteristics. In the length and width of leaf, dorsal sepal, the lateral sepal, the petal, the central lip, and the lateral lip, C. discolor was the shortest and narrowest, respectively, but C. sieboldii was the longest and the widest, respectively. The flower stalk length was the shortest in C. discolor, and the longest in C. sieboldii. Three variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. sieboldii in the above morphological characteristics, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. The ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower color of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. sieboldii was yellowish, the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 to 70 in the value of CIE Lab. By analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of genetic similarity of Calanther species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and these results demonstrated that genetic position of variants located between C. discolor and C. sieboldii.

유기체론적 디자인 조형 특징 요소 연구

송상민(Song, Sang Min),김후성(Kim, Hoo Sung) 한국디자인문화학회 2015 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.21 No.3

현대 과학의 급진적 발전은 자연현상들에서 규명되지 않았던 여러 영역에서 새로운 질서의 발견과 개념의 확립이 이루어지며, 우주의 생성과 시공간의 새로운 인식, 힉스입자의 증명, 물질 구성의 질서 체계 등 유기체론의 통합적 개념을 구축하며 그 영향으로 새로운 조형 체계를 확립해 나가고 있다. 이에 조형예술, 건축, 디자인 등 여러 영역에서도 유기체적 조형에 대한 다양한 형식과 개념으로 그 표현 방법에 관한 연구가 진행되며 발전되고 있다. 유기체적 디자인 조형언어 개념과 표현 맥락은 시간과 공간이 연결되거나 비물질적 요소와 물질적 요소가 결합되어 새로운 구조를 이루는 등 서로 다른 이질적 요소의 결합이 전체성을 이루는 다차원적이며 혼성성의 표현 형태로 나타나기도 한다. 본 연구에서는, 이러한 유기체적 조형언어에서 나타나는 요소를 체계화하여 조형 표현의 특징적 언어 및 표현 특성의 맥락 구조를 찾아봄으로써 유기체적 디자인 조형의 표현 트렌드를 알아보고자 목적 하였다. 다차원적이며 시간과 공간, 물질과 비물질 등 여러요인들의 관계적 요인들로 나타나는 유기체론의 특성 중 ‘Heterogeneous"의 개념의 이해와 표현 요소 사례분석을 통하여 특징적 조형언어를 발견하고 분석 하는 연구 방법으로, 유기체적 조형 표현의 ‘Heterogenous’적 특징은 다차원적(Multi-Dimensional), 위상적 혼성성(Topological Hybrid), 비등질성(Non Uniformity)의 성격을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 다차원적 면구성(Multi-Dimensional Surface), 이종적 분절면의 구성(Hybrid-Divied Surface), 비등질적 면의 중첩구성(Non-Uniformity Layered Surface)등이 그 주요 표현요소로서 나타남을 연구결과로 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 디자인 조형 표현의 선행 트렌드 분석의 한 방법화 과정을 예시하고, 또한 유기체적 개념이 디자인 조형 형상성으로 표현화 되어가는 과정에서 구조적 해석을 통한 표현맥락의 체계화와 그 특징적 조형 언어 분석 방법을 예시함에 연구의 의의를 둔다. The rapid development of modern science & technology have discovered new order and concept in unknown areas of natural phenomena such as the creation of universe, time and space, the existence of higgs boson. And the integrated concept of organism theory including the new order system of consisting material has been established. Researches on the expressional methods of organic design morphology are being progressed as various methodological ways and concepts of organic morphology in formative arts, architecture, design, and related fields. The morphological language and expressional context of organic design presents as the means of continuity between time & space, and of the new structure combining between immaterial & material elements. New visual characteristic of expressional methodology identifies the emerging concept of wholeness which are composed of different elements, multi dimensions, and hybridization. This research aims to examine the trend of expressional organic design morphology while categorizing organic form languages and finding out contextual structure which express organic characteristics of changing concept. The research methodology which intends to find out characteristics of organic form language and analyze case studies of expressional elements based on understanding the concept of heterogeneous context, which is one of the main characteristics of organic morphology appearing with the relative factors of multi dimension, time & space and immateriality & materiality. Through the process of this research, we identifies the characteristics of heterogeneous context as a way of expression of Multi-Dimension, Topological Hybrid, Non -Uniformity. Also we observe the composition of Multi-Dimensional Surface, Hybrid-Divied Surface, Non-Uniformity Layered Surface as the dominant visual expressional characteristics. This research will mean to provide a methodological process which examines an advanced trend study of form expression, and it also demonstrates a way of categorize expressional context and analytical methodology of characteristics of form language through structural analysis in the stage of visualization while transforming from the organic concept to be morphological context in design.