Microencapsulation of Caramel Flavor and Properties of Ready-to-drink Milk Beverages Supplemented with Coffee Containing These Microcapsules

Gur-Yoo Kim,Jaehak Lee,Seungtae Lim,Hyojin Kang,Sung-Il Ahn,Jin-Woo Jhoo,Chang-Six Ra 한국축산식품학회 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.5

This study aimed to extend the retention of flavor in coffee-containing milk beverage by microencapsulation. The core material was caramel flavor, and the primary and secondary coating materials were medium-chain triglyceride and maltodextrin, respectively. Polyglycerol polyricinoleate was used as the primary emulsifier, and the secondary emulsifier was polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate. Response surface methodology was employed to determine optimum microencapsulation conditions, and headspace solid-phase microextraction was used to detect the caramel flavor during storage. The microencapsulation yield of the caramel flavor increased as the ratio of primary to secondary coating material increased. The optimum ratio of core to primary coating material for the water-in-oil (W/O) phase was 1:9, and that of the W/O phase to the secondary coating material was also 1:9. Microencapsulation yield was observed to be approximately 93.43%. In case of in vitro release behavior, the release rate of the capsules in the simulated gastric environment was feeble; however, the release rate in the simulated intestinal environment rapidly increased within 30 min, and nearly 70% of the core material was released within 120 min. The caramel flavor-supplemented beverage sample exhibited an exponential degradation in its flavor components. However, microcapsules containing flavor samples showed sustained flavor release compared to caramel flavor-filled samples under higher storage temperatures. In conclusion, the addition of coffee flavor microcapsules to coffee-containing milk beverages effectively extended the retention of the coffee flavor during the storage period.

Microencapsulation에 의한 미세조류의 고밀도 배양

한영호,이정석,곽중기,이응호,조만기,HAN Young-Ho,LEE Jung-Suck,KWAK Jung-Ki,LEE Eung-Ho,CHO Man-Gi 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구에서는 미세조류의 고밀도 배양을 위한 경제적인 공정을 개발하는 차원에서 3종의 미세조류 즉, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina 및 Porphyridium purpureum를 Ca-alginate 로 microencapsulation 한 후 air-bubble column형 배양조에서 고밀도 배양을 시도하였다. $2\%\;CaCl_2$ 농도로 capsule을 제조할 때 capsule의 안정성이 가장 좋았으며, capsule 막의 두께 및 $CO_2$ 공급유무에 따른 미세조류 (Chlorella vulgaris)의 생산성은 거의 차이가 없었다. 한편, 3종의 미세조류 모두 capsule로 고정화시킨 것이 bead로 고정화한 미세조류나 free cell 보다 농도가 높았으며, 특히Dunaliella salina가 microencapsulation에 의한 고밀도 배양 효과가 가장 뛰어나 free cell 보다 약 5배 정도의 생산성을 나타내었다. The three speices of miroalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina and Porphyridium purpureum) were immobilized in Ca-alginate capsules as a basic study for development of economic cultivation process, and then were cultivated in an air-bubble column bioreactor. Under the batch culture of aerobic conditions, the thickness of the capsule membrane and $CO_2$ supply did not affect the growth of the immobilized microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. Cell concentration of immobilized microalgae in the capsule was higher than those of imobilized microalgae in beads and free cells. The cell concentration of microencapsulated Dunaliella salina was greater about 5 times than that of free cells. Based on these results, it is concluded that the application of microencapsulation technology to the culture of microalgae was an effective method for high-density cultivation.

Microencapsulation of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> ATCC 43121 with prebiotic substrates using a hybridisation system

Ann, Eun Y.,Kim, Younghoon,Oh, Sejong,Imm, Jee-Young,Park, Dong-Jun,Han, Kyoung S.,Kim, Sae H. Institute of Food Science and Technology 2007 International journal of food science & technology Vol.42 No.4

<P>Summary</P><P>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic substrates on the growth of <I>Lactobacillus acidophilus</I> ATCC 43121 and to investigate the utilisation of these prebiotic substrates as coating materials for microencapsulation. The cell growth of <I>L. acidophilus</I> ATCC 43121 was significantly increased in the presence of fructooligosaccharide, lactulose and raffinose. The microencapsulation of <I>L. acidophilus</I> ATCC 43121 cells was carried out by dry surface reforming process (hybridisation) using the selected prebiotic substrates and the enteric coating material, Sureteric<SUP>TM</SUP><I>sans</I>. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the double-microencapsulated bacteria exhibited smooth, rounded external surfaces, with a thick external coating composed of the prebiotic substrates and the Sureteric. The acid (artificial gastric juice) or heat tolerance (55 °C) of the double-microencapsulated preparations (prebiotic and enteric coating) was significantly higher than that of the uncoated and single-coated (enteric coating) preparation at prolonged acid (5 h) or heat exposure (3 h). On the contrary, no significant differences were found in salt tolerance. During the storage up to 20 days at 25 and 37 °C, the stability of <I>L. acidophilus</I> ATCC 43121 was significantly improved by double-microencapsulation.</P>

Ammonolysis-based microencapsulation technique using isopropyl formate as dispersed solvent

Hye Yeum, Im,Hong Kee, Sah 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2010 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.20

The objectives of this study were to develop an ammonolysis-based microencapsulation technique using a nonhalogenated isopropyl formate and to evaluate its feasibility in preparing poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres. The choice of isopropyl formate was based on its great reactivity toward ammonolysis and acceptance as a flavoring agent for human food by regulatory agencies. Progesterone was used as a model drug for microencapsulation. In the practice of this microencapsulation process, a dispersed phase consisting of isopropyl formate, the polymer and progesterone was emulsified in an aqueous phase. Solvent removal from emulsion droplets was rapidly achieved by ammonolysis at ambient conditions, not by typical solvent evaporation and/or extraction. Depending upon microsphere formulations, its encapsulation efficiency ranged from 88.0+/-3.6 to 97.0+/-3.6%. Analysis of FTIR spectra suggested that there were no significant chemical interactions between prednisolone and the polymer. Both DSC and XRD data substantiated that the magnitude of an actual progesterone loading influenced its physical status in the microspheres. Interestingly, the microspheres prepared in this study contained noticeably lower levels of solvent residues: a gas chromatographic analysis demonstrated that the levels of residual isopropyl formate found in different microspheres were not more than 0.34+/-0.07%. It was seen to be feasible from these results that the ammonolysis-based approach using isopropyl formate might have a potential as an alternative microencapsulation technique.

Review : Microencapsulation of Live Probiotic Bacteria

( Chong Su Cho ),( Yun Jaie Choi ),( Cheol Heui Yun ),( Islam Mohammad Ariful ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.10

Scientific research regarding the use of live bacterial cells for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly growing over the years and has generated considerable interest to scientists and health professionals. Probiotics are defined as essential live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Owing to their considerable beneficial health effects, these microorganisms are increasingly incorporated into dairy products; however, many reports have demonstrated their poor survival and stability. Their survival in the gastrointestinal tract is also questionable. To overcome these problems, microencapsulation techniques are currently receiving considerable attention. This review describes the importance of live probiotic bacterial microencapsulation using an alginate microparticulate system and presents the potentiality of various coating polymers such as chitosan and polylysine for improving the stability of this microencapsulation.

간장박 가수분해물로부터 Savory Microencapsulation 분말 제조 시의 반응온도조건

차용준(Yong-Jun Cha),김진현(Jin Hyeon Kim),유대웅(Daeung Yu) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.6

간장박 가수분해물로부터 microencapsulation 분말 제조시 반응향 생성 최적 온도조건을 규명하기 위해 가수분해물에 5종의 반응 전구물질(glutamic acid 0.33%(w/v), proline 0.99%(w/v), methionine 0.42%(w/v), glycine 0.41%(w/v) 및 fructose 0.5%(w/v))을 첨가하여 3가지 온도조건(95, 110 및 125°C)에서 2시간 반응시킨 후 분무 건조하여 savory microencapsulation 분말을 제조하였다. 각각의 온도조건에서 2시간 반응시켰다. 휘발성 향기성분을 분석한 결과, 총 42종의 휘발성 성분이 95°C에서 34종, 110°C에서 34종, 125°C에서 35종이 동정되었다. 이 중에서 알데히드 및 케톤류(10종)가 가장 많았고, 산류(8종), 알코올류(6종), 퓨란류(6종), 함황화합물류(6종), 방향족 화합물류(5종) 및 기타화합물(1종)로 구성되었다. 반응향 유도에는 odor value(OV)로 환산한 결과 2-methylpropanal(엿기름 향), 3-methylbutanal(엿기름, 코코아 향), phenylacetaldehyde(꿀, 꽃 향), 2-methoxyphenol(탄/연기 향), 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol(나무, 탄 향), 2-methylpropanoic acid(치즈, 상한 버터 향), dimethyl disulfide(구운 양파 향), dimethyl trisulfide(양파 향), methional(구운 감자 향) 등의 화합물이 지배적이었다. 관능검사(QDA법) 결과 positive한 향과 맛(soy sauce-like, meaty, nutty)은 95°C에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 반응향 유도 온도조건은 미세캡슐의 가공특성에 영향을 미치지 않았으며 QDA 및 OV 결과 95°C에서 2시간 반응조건이 가장 우수한 것으로 사료된다. To determine the optimum temperature of reaction flavor for preparing savory microencapsulation powder, five reaction precursors, viz., glutamic acid 0.33% (w/v), proline 0.99% (w/v), methionine 0.42% (w/v), glycine 0.41% (w/v), and fructose 0.5% (w/v), were added to the hydrolysate of soy sauce residue and reacted for 2 hours at 3 conditions (95, 110, and 125°C). A total of 42 volatile flavor compounds were identified at 95°C (34), 110°C (34), and 125°C (35), respectively. Aldehydes and ketones (10) were the most common, followed by acids (8), alcohols (6), furans (6), sulfur-containing compounds (6), aromatic hydrocarbons (5), and a miscellaneous compound (1). However, based on the odor value (OV), the dominant compounds identified were 2-methylpropanal (malty), 3-methylbutanal (malty, cocoa-like), phenylacetaldehyde (honey, flowery), 2-methoxyphenol (burnt/smoky), 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol (woody, burnt), 2-methylpropanoic acid (rancid), dimethyl disulfide (cooked onion-like), dimethyl trisulfide (onion-like), and methional (cooked potato-like). Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) revealed that the positive odor and taste (soy sauce-like, meaty, and nutty) were higher at 95°C. Based on the QDA and OV values obtained, the optimal condition for reaction flavor was determined to be 2 hours at 95°C. Furthermore, it was observed that temperature conditions had no effect on the processing characteristics of microencapsulation.

Application of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of dispersed organic solvent in developing new microencapsulation process technology

Lee, Honghwa,Lee, Sunhwa,Bhattacharjee, Himanshu,Sah, Hongkee Informa UK, Ltd. 2012 Journal of microencapsulation Vol.29 No.4

<P>The aim of this study was to evaluate a new microencapsulation technology employing an acid-catalyzed solvent extraction method in conjunction to an emulsion-based microencapsulation process. Its process consisted of emulsifying a dispersed phase of poly(<SMALL>D,L</SMALL>-lactide-<I>co</I>-glycolide) and isopropyl formate in an aqueous phase. This step was followed by adding hydrochloric acid to the resulting oil-in-water emulsion, in order to initiate the hydrolysis of isopropyl formate dissolved in the aqueous phase. Its hydrolysis caused the liberation of water-soluble species, that is, isopropanol and formic acid. This event triggered continual solvent leaching out of emulsion droplets, thereby initiating microsphere solidification. This new processing worked well for encapsulation of progesterone and ketoprofen that were chosen as a nonionizable model drug and a weakly acidic one, respectively. Furthermore, the structural integrity of poly(<SMALL>D,L</SMALL>-lactide-<I>co</I>-glycolide) was retained during microencapsulation. The new microencapsulation technology, being conceptually different from previous approaches, might be useful in preparing various polymeric particles.</P>

Nalidixic Acid의 Eudragit RL Microencapsulation에 관한 연구

구영순,최경주 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1991 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.1

Microencapsulation of nalidixic acid using Eudragit RI, a methacrylic acid copolymer was investigated. Microcapsules were prepared by dispersing the drug solution in liquid paraffing using aluminium tristearate as dispersing agent. The preparation of the microcapsules showed high reprodulibility in particle size, shape and the drug content. The dissolution rates of Nalidixic acid from the these microcapsules considerably decreased as compared with that from Nalidixic acid powder and Nalidixic acid-Eudragit RL solid dispersions. The release of Nalidixic acid increased with increased with increasing percentage of aluminium tristearate added to the microcapsules.

Microencapsulation Effects of Allyl Isothiocyanate with Modified Starch Using Fluidized Bed Processing

Gyu-Hee Lee,Hyun-Ah Kang,Kee-Hyuck Kim,Myung-Gon Shin 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.5

Allyl isothiocyanate (AI), a volatile compound of mustard, has excellent antimicrobial effects, but its volatility hinders its wide usage as an ingredient of food products. Microencapsulation technique, therefore, was applied for delaying the release time of AI. For delaying the release time of AI, the mustard powder, which contained AI, was microencapsulated with 5% modified starch by using fluidized bed processing. The efficiency of the controlled release of AI at various pH was analyzed by the head space (HS) analysis and solid phase microextraction (SPME) method using gas chromatography (GC). Also, modified starch encapsulated powder was added into kimchi for applying in food industry. As the result, the release time of AI was delayed by microencapsulation with modified starch and the higher pH could be the faster release of AI. Also, the period until the pH values and total acidity of kimchi reached up to 4.5 and 0.6%, which give its malsour taste, was extended by microencapsulation. These results showed that modified starch encapsulated powder could prolong the preservation in food system.

Microencapsulation of microbial antioxidants from Mucor circinelloides, their physico-chemical characterization, in vitro digestion and releasing behaviors in food

Hameed Ahsan,Hussain Syed Ammar,Nosheen Shaista,Muhammad Zafarullah,Wu Yang,Ullah Samee,Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul,Song Yuanda 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.3

This study aimed at increasing the stability of heat-labile and pH-sensitive microbial antioxidants by the microencapsulation. Microbial antioxidants from Mucor circinelloides were microencapsulated. The physico-chemical and powder flowing properties of resulting microcapsules were evaluated. The initial safety studies were evaluated by in vivo acute oral toxicity tests. The bio-accessibility of powders vs. extracts was analyzed in in vitro digestion models with further application of microcapsules to model food system. Physico-chemical properties were significantly different (p < 0.0001) for all microcapsules regardless of their non-substantial variations (p > 0.05) in powder flowing properties. The microencapsulation of extract with 5% whey protein hydrogels (WPHG) + 5% pectin ( TA) showed higher retain-ability of polyphenols accompanying low degradation in gastric and intestinal digestion and with no major toxicity signs. The addition of TA microcapsule did not produce any nutritional, physico-chemical, compositional, and nutritional distinctions in cheese. Microencapsulation proved to be appropriate approach for not only protecting the thermo-labile and pH-sensitive microbial antioxidants but also for enhanced bioavailability, and targeted release of bioactive extracts.