Acetylcholine에 유발된 관동맥연축에서 L-Arginine의 효과

박창규,오동주,서홍석,이은미,안정천,송우혁,임도선,김영훈,심완주,노영무 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.2

토끼에서 NO합성억제제 투여에 의한 자간전증의 유발과 고용량의 L-arginine투여에 의한 역전실험

이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),이종건(Jong Kun Lee),유영옥(Young Ok Lew),정대영(Dae Young Chung),박동춘(Dong Choon Park),김재훈(Jae Hoon Kim),신종철(Jong Chul Shin),김대훈(Dae Hoon Kim),김수평(Soo Pyung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.12

연구배경: 자궁태반 허혈증이 임신성 고혈압의 발병기전이라는 가설하에 실험동물에서 대동맥 또는 자궁동맥을 부분결찰 하는 방법으로 태반허혈증을 일으켜 임신성고혈압을 유발하는 실험이 과거에 널리 행해졌으나, 최근에는 혈관내피 기능장애설을 근거로 하여 혈관 내피세포 에서 Nitric Oxide(NO)합성을 저해하는 NO합성억제제를 이용하여 동물에서 임신성고혈압을 발병시켜 실험모델로 만들려는 시도가 있다. 연구목적: 토끼에서 arginine유사체인 L-nitro-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)을 이용하여 NO합성을 억제함으로써 자간전증 증후군의 실험동물 모델을 만들 수 있는지를 알아보고 다시 고용량의 arginine투여가 이 증후군을 역전시킬수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 실험에 착수하였다. 방법 및 재료: 재태기간 22 일부터 임신중인 토끼 10마리에 L-NAME 400mg을 7일동안 매일 피하주사하였다(실험 제 1군). 다른군 10마리 에서는 L-NAME 투여 30분 후에 체중 kg당 100mg의 L-arginine은 정맥주사 하였다(실험 제2군). 동일한 재태일의 토끼에 같은 용적의 생리식염수를 피하주사하여 대조군으로 하였다. 혈압측정은 대퇴동맥을 혈관절개하여 22 번 혈관침을 삽입 한 후 눈금혈압계에 도관을 연결하여 식염수로 0점을 맟춘후 동맥혈압을 측정하였다. 혈액 채취는 토끼의 귀정맥에서 하였고 뇨 채취는 넬라톤카테터를 이용하였다. 약물투여 7일후에 새끼를 분만 시켰고 분만 즉시 어미토끼의 폐, 간, 신장, 태반을 적출하여 포르말린액에 고정하였고 신장은 전자현미경고정액으로 고정하였다. 결과: 평균동맥압은 실험제1군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의있게 높았으나(P<0.05), 실험 제2군에서는 대조군에 비해서 의의있는 차이는 없었다. 단백뇨, BUN, 크레아티닌, 간효소치, LDH값, 혈소판수치는 실험제1군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의있게 높았으며(P<0.05), 실험 제2군에서는 대조군에 비해서 의의있는 차이를 보이지않았다. 반면, 뇨산값은 실험제1군과 실험제2군에서 모두 대조군에비하여 의의있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조직검사 소견에서는 광학현미경소견상, 실험군의 폐, 간, 신장, 태반에서는 특이한 소견을 보였으며, 신장의 전자현미경소견에서는 실험제1군에서도 사구체의 미세구조가 비교적 잘 보존되었다. 신장의 간질은 간질기질의 증식으로 넓어져 있었다. 그리고 경증의 족양돌기소실이 보였으며 근위뇨세관 세포질내 전자밀도수초모양의 구조물을 포함하고 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 결론: 장기간의 L-arginine유사체(L-NAME)의 투여는 임신토끼에서 자간전증과 유사한 임상양상과 장기의 조직병리소견을 유발하였으며 고용량의 L-arginine의 동시 투여는 이와 같은 변화를 역전시켰다. Objectives: To learn which inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with L-nitro arginine methylester(L-NAME) induces a preeclampsia-like syndrome in pregnant rabbits and high dose of L-arginine reverse the adverse changes induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in pregnant rabbits. Material and Method: Twenty Newzealand rabbits with 22-days of gestation were injected subcutaneously with 400mg of L-NAME for 7days and 100mg/kg L-arginine was also given intravenously 10 of 20 L-NAME injected pregnant rabbits. They are compared with the control group in which same volume of saline was subcutaneously injected to 5 rabbits with same condition. They were anesthesized by ketamine 50 mg/kg and roupum 2 mg/kg intramuscularly. Cutdown of femoral artery was performed and 22 gauge angioneedle was inserted. On manometer,three way catheter was connected, zeroed with saline, and blood pressure was read. Blood samples were taken from the vein of ear and checked for count of blood cells and bood chemistry (BUN/Cr, GOT/GPT, LDH, Uric acid). Urine protein was measured with nelaton catheterized urine. We injected drugs for 7 days begining on 22 days after mating and performed cesarian section to deliver fetus. To observe their effects on organs, lung, liver, placenta and kidney were taken and fixed with formalin. The sliced kidney tissue in thickness of 1 mm, was fixed with glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy and stored at 4℃. Special staining was done for closed observation of pattern changes. For statistical analysis, mean±SEM was used. The control and experimental groups were compared by unpaired t-test and the differences were significant if probability level is less than 0.05(<0.05). Result: Mean blood pressure(MAP) in the experimental group I was significantly high compared to the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant differences in MAP between experimental group II and control group. Urine Protein, BUN, Cr, GOT/GPT, LDH, platelet count in the experimental group I was significantly high(P<0.05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between experimental group II and control group. In light microscopic examination, lung, liver, kidney, placenta showed specific finding in experimental group I. Misconstructive of glomerulus in the experimental kidney was well preserved under EM examination. Interstitium of kidney was widened by increase of mesangial matrix. Mild effacement of foot process and cytoplasm of proximal tubule containing electron dense myelin figure like structure were observed. Conclusion: Long term injection of L-arginine analogue produced preeclampsia like syndrome and pathologic changes of organ system in pregnant rabbits. Concurrent high dose of L-arginine reversed such chages.

L-arginine 투여가 골격근의 산화질소 합성 효소 발현과 글리코겐 농도 및 운동지속시간에 미치는 영향

최성근(SungKeunChoi),박석(SokPark),이천호(CheonHoLee) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.5

본 연구는 L-arginine을 장기간 투여했을때 운동지속시간에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. 수컷 흰쥐 36마리를 세 그룹으로 나누어 통제집단(control group: 12마리), L-arginine 투여집단(L-arginine treated group: 12마리), L-NMMA투여집단(N-monomethyl-L-arginine treated group: 12마리)으로 구분하였다. 6주 동안 매일 오전 9시에 L-arginine투여집단과 L-NMMA투여집단에게 각각 단위체중(kg)당 L-arginine은 10 mg/kg/day, L-NMMA은 5 mg/kg/day을 구강 내 투여하였다. 본 연구결과에서 혈중 인슐린 및 글루코스 농도는 L-arginine 투여집단이 유의하게 높았고 L-NMMA투여집단이 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 비복근과 가자미근에서 Glycogen, Glycogen Synthase, NO 그리고 nNOS발현도 L-arginine 투여집단이 유의하게 가장 높았으며, L-NMMA투여집단은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 운동지속시간도 L-arginine 투여집단, 통제집단, L-NMMA투여집단 순이었다. 이러한 결과로 장기간의 L-arginine 투여가 nNOS 발현을 활성화시켜 NO 생성의 증가를 가져와 지구성운동시 골격근에 글루코스 섭취를 조절하는 요인으로 작용함으로써 운동지속시간 증가에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of L-arginine’s prolonged administration on the exhaustion time. We divided 36 Sprague-Dawley rats equally into three groups containing the control group, L-arginine treated group and L-NMMA treated group. Every day on 9 am during the six weeks period, we performed oral administration on L-arginine treated group and L-NMMA treated group by giving 10 mg/kg/day of L-aragine and 5 mg/kg/day of L-NMMA. After the research, we found that L-arginine treated group showed significant increase on concentrationof insulin and glucose, whereas L-NMMA treated group showed significant decrease on concentration of insulin and glucose. In addition, L-arginine treated group showed significant increase on glycogen, glycogen synthase, NO, and nitric oxide synthase expression in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle; whereas L-NMMA treated group showed significant decrease on glycogen, glycogen synthase, NO, and nitric oxide synthase expression. The amount of exhaustion time was ordered as follows: L-arginine treated group, Control group, and L-NMMA treated group. Our results suggested that prolonged administration of L-arginnine increased the nitric oxide synthase expression. This also increased the NO production, which work as a mediator of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. As a result of increase in nitric oxide, we were able to prove a significant increase in exhaustion time.

L-Arginine의 흰쥐 적출심근보호 효과에 관한 연구

이인성,이헌재 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1996 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.29 No.10

허혈후 재관류시 일산화질소의 전구체인 L-arginin에 심근기능에 미치는 영향은 각 연구의 조건에 따라 일정하지 않다. 저자들은 L-arginine의 농도에 의한 심근보호효과의 차이를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 란겐돌프 관류장치하의 흰쥐 적출심장에 37.5$^{\circ}C$에서 30분의 허혈과 30분의 재관류를 실시하면서 재관류시 관류액에 L-arginine을 첨가하여 농도를 1, 2, 3, 4 mm/L로 하였고 대 조군에는 L-arginine을 첨가하지 않았다. 허혈기 직전과 재관류 30분에 좌심실 수축기능(좌심실 발생압, 좌심실압 최대 순간 증가율), 이완기능(좌심실압 최대 순간 감소율)과 관상관류량을 측정하였다. L-arginine 농도가 1mm/L, 2 mm/L인 실험군은 좌심실 발생압, 좌심실압 최대 순간증가율, 좌심실압 최대 순간감소율 및 관상관류량의 회복률이 대조군에 비해 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 우수한 경향을 보였다. 그러나 L-arginine의 농도가 증가함에 따라 회복률은 감소하여 4 mM/L농도의 실험군은 대조군보다 유의하게 낮은 회복률을 보였다(p(0.05). 이러한 연구결과를 통해 심근허혈후 재관류시 심근기능 및 관상관류량 회복을 향상시키기 위해서는 L-arginine을 2mM/ 이하의 농도로 투여 해야 하며 향후 그 이상의 높은 농도에서 나타난 회복 저하에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The results about the myocardial protection of recta of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine upon reperrusion injury after ischemia are diverse. These diversities may be model dependent. Experiments were designed and performed to investigate myocardial protection effects according to the concentration of L-arginine. The Isolated rat hearts were subjected in a 30 minutes oi normothermic ischemia and reperfused for 30 minutes with reperfusate containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 moil L-arginine. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, group with 1 and 2 mM/L L-arginine showed a trend of better recovery in left ventricular systolic function(left ventricular developed pressure, positive maximum dpfdt), diastolic function(negative maximum dpfdt) and coronary flow compared to control group(reperfusate no L-arginine). Recovery was impaired with a higher concentration, and at 4 moil L-arginine r covery was worse than control(p (0, 05). These results suggest that optimal concentration of L-arginine Is Important or the recovery of myocardial and endothelial function after ischemia and reperfusion.

L-arginine와 GPLC의 투여가 고교 축구선수의 혈중 산화질소, 에너지기질 및 피로 물질 변화에 미치는 영향

양승훈 ( Seung Hoon Yang ),권훈겸 ( Hun Kyeom Kwon ),곽이섭 ( Yi Sub Kwak ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.3

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of L-arginine and GPLC supplementation on plasma nitric oxide, energy substrates and fatigue factors to football players. 16 football players were recruited from the high school and they were divided into two groups (L-arginine group, n=8; GPLC group, n=8). It is also aimed to evaluate the effect of ergogenic aids (L-arginine, GPLC) administration on the football players performance using Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Level 2), which is aerobic-anaerobic mixed exercise similar to actual football game. METHODS: Height, weight and body fat were measured before the test in 16 high school football players. At the experiment of pre-administration and post-administration of ergogenic aids (L-arginine, GPLC), blood was collected 3 times (before exercise, after exercise and 30 minutes at recovery stage) to measure and analyze nitric oxide in the blood, fatigue substances (lactate, ammonia and phosphorus) and energy substrate (Glucose and FFA) respectively. During aerobic-anaerobic mixed exercise, when ergogenic aids (L-arginine and GPLC) was administered to the football players, NO concentration is increased in two groups after administration compared to pre-administration at each stage. RESULTS: There was significant difference at the recovery stage to L-arginine administration group (p=.003). As for change of energy substrate, human serum glucose concentration decreased significantly in statistics at each stage to L-arginine group (pre, p=.014, post, p=.026, recovery p=.025), and decreased significantly right after exercise and at the recovery stage to GPLC group (p=.047, p=.000). The serum FFA (free fatty acids) concentration by the administration of ergogenic aids (L-arginine, GPLC) had no statistically significant difference in every stage. Among the fatigue substances, serum phosphorus concentration decreased significantly at each stage of L-arginine (p=.031, p=.002, p=.001), and decreased significantly at the recovery stage of GPLC group (p=.014). Ammonia concentration decreased significantly to L-arginine group more than GPLC group at each stage after administration compared to pre-administration (L-arginine: p=.005, p=.005, p=.003, GPLC: p=.002, p=.079, p=.003). And there were significant differences before exercise and at the recovery stage to GPLC group. Lactate decreased significantly at each stage after administration to L-arginine and it significantly decreased before exercise and right after exercise to GPLC like in ammonia (L-arginine: p=.012, p=.022, p=.017, GPLC: p=.006, p=.015). CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this research, it was found that NO expression significantly increased from L-arginine dosage group in time of recovery. The generated NO increased the supply and absorption of energy substrates in skeletal muscle metabolism through vasodilation, and decreased accumulation of fatigue substance and delayed the depletion of glucose by having an influence on the increase in blood flow by exercise. n addition, in order to use the method for increasing practical motion performance capability through this research result, it``s necessary to take into account a lot more diverse forms of exercise events, exercise intensity, time and frequency, etc. It is thought that there will be the need to do continuous research on this field later

L-arginine 섭취가 고강도 훈련 프로그램에 따른 카누선수의근 손상 지표, 피로 물질 및 경기력 향상에 미치는 영향

정종환,강은범,김창환 한국응용과학기술학회 2019 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.36 No.3

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-arginine supplementation on muscle damage and fatigue indices and athletic performance improvement of canoe athletes after conducting a high-intensity training program. To achieve the objective, this study applied a high-intensity training program to seven high school canoe athletes. The high-intensity training program is composed of aerobic exercise sessions (twice per week; Tuesday and Thursday), anaerobic exercise sessions (three times per week; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), and flexibility exercise sessions (five times per week). During the 6 week high-intensity training program, drug ingestion (L-arginine or placebo) was conducted in the first two weeks, wash out (two weeks) followed it, and drug ingestion (L-arginine or placebo) was carried out again in the last two weeks. The crossover design was used for the experiment so all study subjects were assigned to either the L-arginine intake group (the treatment group) or the placebo group (the control group). Each subject ingested 3g per day. This study confirmed the significant effects of L-arginine supplementation on muscle damage indices, fatigue indices, and antioxidants using blood samples. Additionally, FMD was analyzed to evaluate vascular endothelial cell functions and canoe performance was examined using the canoe ergometer. The results of this study showed that L-arginine intake did not have direct effects on the levels of ammonia, IP, and CK. The level of LDH decreased significantly more in the ARG group than in the PLA group due to L-arginine supplementation. Moreover, L-arginine supplementation did not change total NO, d-ROMs, BAP, and FMD significantly. Lastly, the results of the 500m canoe ergometer, which was conducted to evaluate the canoe performance, revealed that L-arginine did not have direct effects on total time, stroke distance, and mean velocity. However, L-arginine supplementation significantly improved muscle damage indices, fatigue indices, antioxidants, FMD, and canoe performance. Therefore, it is believed that additional studies are needed for examining the potential effects of L-arginine supplementation athletic performance enhancement. 본 연구는 L-arginine 섭취가 고강도 훈련 프로그램에 따른 카누선수의 근 손상 지표, 피로 물질 및 경기력 향상에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 고등학교 카누 선수 7명을 대상으로 고강도 훈련 프로그램을 적용하였으며, 고강도 훈련 프로그램은 주 2회의 유산소 운동(화, 목), 주 3회의 무산소 운동(월, 수, 금) 그리고 주 5회의 유연성 운동을 실시하였다. 고강도 훈련 프로그램을 진행하는 6주 과정 중에 처음 2주는 약물섭취(L-arginine or 위약)를 실시하고 다음 2주는 wash out, 그리고 마지막 2주도 약물섭취(L-arginine or 위약)를 실시하였다. 모든 연구대상자들이 L-arginine 섭취(시험군)와 위약 그룹(대조군)으로 배정되는 교차설계로 디자인하였다. L-arginine은 하루 총 3g으로 섭취하였다. 채혈을 통해 L-arginine 섭취에 따른 근 손상 지표, 피로 지표, 항산화력을 확인하였으며, 혈관내피세포기능 분석을 위해 FMD, 그리고 카누 에르고미터를 활용하여 카누 경기력을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 L-arginine 섭취에 따른 Ammonia, IP, CK의 수준의 직접적인 효과는 나타나지 않았으며, LDH의 수준은 L-arginine 섭취로 인해 PLA 그룹보다 ARG 그룹에서 더 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. L-arginine 섭취에 따른 Total NO, d-ROMs, BAP, 그리고 FMD의 수준도 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 카누 경기력 향상을 확인하기 위해 실시한 500M 카누 에르고미터 결과에서 총시간, 스트록 거리, 평균 속도 분석에서 L-arginine의 운동수행능력 향상의 직접적인 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 L-arginine 섭취로 인해 근 손상 지표, 피로 지표, 항산화력, FMD, 그리고 카누 경기력 수준이 개선되는 경향은 나타 났다. 따라서 L-arginine 섭취의 잠재적인 운동능력 향상 보조제 효과에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

L-arginine과 L-aspartate 투여가 운동 중 에너지 기질 이용 및 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향

정승삼(Joung, Seung-Sam),최성근(Choi, Sung-Keun) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of L-arginine single and L-arginine plus L-aspartate complex administration on the utilization of energy substrate and exercise performance. The subjects were female students at K university majoring in physical education. Each subject went through three cross-over designs: water, arginine, and arginine plus aspartate administration trials. The levels of lactate, ammonia, Rating of Perceived Exertion during exercise was significantly decreased in L-arginine single and L-arginine plus L-aspartate complex administration compared to the water administration, while the exhaustion time was significantly increased. The L-arginine plus L-aspartate complex administration was improved more effectively in lactate concentration, ammonia concentration, Rating of Perceived Exertion, exhaustion time than in water and L-arginine single administration. All the three treatments did not show any difference in insulin concentration. But the glucagon concentration during exercise was significantly increased in L-arginine single and L-arginine plus L-aspartate complex administration compared with the water administration. The L-arginine plus L-aspartate complex administration was increased more effectively in glucagon concentration. These results suggested that combined L-arginine and L-aspartate administration prior to exercise may improve exhaustion time, by reducing the muscle fatigue factors like lactate and ammonia effectively.

호흡곤란 증후군 미숙아에서 혈중 L-arginine 농도와 Oxygenation Index 및 폐동맥압과의 관계

정경아,이순주,성인경,전정식,Jeong, Kyong Ah,Lee, Soon Ju,Sung, In Kyung,Chun, Chung Sik 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.12

Purpose : This study was performed to observe the relationship of plasma L-arginine level and the severity of disease and pulmonary artery pressure in respiratory distress syndrome of premature infants. Methods : Peripheral blood samples were obtained at 1st, 3rd and 7th day from 21 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome to analyze the L-arginine concentration. Oxygenation index (OI), an indicator of the severity of the disease, was calculated at the same time of the blood sampling. And pulmonary artery pressure was measured by Doppler echocardiography at each period. Plasma L-arginine level, OI and right ventricular systolic time interval(RVSTI) were analyzed. Results : Plasma L-arginine concentration of the 1st day was lower than 3rd and 7th day. OI and RVSTI were significantly correlated with each other(r=0.772, P<0.01). Plasma L- arginine level was correlated with oxygenation index(r=-0.346, P<0.01) and RVSTI(r=-0.416, P<0.01). Conclusion : Plasma L-arginine level was lowest in the 1st day during the study period. Plasma L-arginine concentration correlated significantly with the severity of respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary artery pressure in premature infants. 목 적 : RDS가 있는 미숙아에서 질병의 심한 정도와 폐동맥압 및 혈중 L-arginine 농도와는 어떤 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : RDS로 인공 환기요법을 시행 받은 재태기간 37주 미만 미숙아 21명을 대상으로 하여 제 1병일, 제 3병일, 제 7병일에 혈액을 채취하여 혈중 L-arginine 농도를 측정하였다. 혈액채취와 동일한 시기에 호흡곤란 증후군의 중등도를 나타내는 지수로서 OI를 산출하였고, 도플러 심초음파를 이용하여 RVSTI를 측정하여 폐동맥압의 지표로 삼았다. OI와 혈중 L-arginine 농도 및 RVSTI 간의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1) OI가 클수록 RDS 미숙아의 혈중 L-arginine 농도는 낮았다(r=-0.346, P<0.01). 2) OI가 클수록 RVSTI도 증가되었다(r=0.772, P<0.01). 3) RVSTI가 커지면 RDS 증후군 미숙아의 혈중 L-arginine 농도는 낮았다(r=-0.416, P<0.01). 결 론 : RDS가 있는 미숙아에서 질병이 심할수록 혈중 L-arginine 농도는 낮고, 폐동맥압은 높았으며, 폐동맥압이 높을수록 혈중 L-arginine 농도는 낮은 관계를 보였다.

The effects of endurance training and L-arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, muscle glycogen concentration, and endurance performance

최성근,박석,이천호 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of endurance training and prolonged L-arginine supplementation on blood glucose, blood insulin, muscle glycogen, muscle glycogen synthase (GS), muscle nitric oxide (NO), muscle nitric oxide synthase (NOS), endurance performance. We equally divided 36 Sprague-Dawley mice to be distributed into control group, L-NMMA treated group and L-arginine treated group. The L-arginine treated group and L-NMMA treated group consumed 10 mg/kg/day of L-arginine and 5 mg/kg/day of L-NMMA for 6 weeks period. Mice of control group, L-arginine treated group, and L-NMMA treated groups performed swimming exercise training for 60 min once a day, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Blood glucose had tendency to increase in L-arginine treated group than the control group, and insulin significantly increased in L-arginine treated group than the control group. L-arginine treated group showed significant increase in glycogen, GS, NO and NOS in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle compared to the control group. Whereas L-NMMA treated group showed the lowest glycogen, GS, NO and NOS in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle compared to control group and L-arginine treated group. Exhaustive swimming time had tendency to increase in L-arginine treated group compared to the value for control group. These reults indicate that endurance training and prolonged L-arginine supplementation appear to be effective in exhancing nitric oxide production, glycogen concentration and endurance performance.

Orignal Paper : The effects of endurance training and L-arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, muscle glycogen concentration, and endurance performance

( Sung Keun Choi ),( Sok Park ),( Cheon Ho Lee ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of endurance training and prolonged L-arginine supplementation on blood glucose, blood insulin, muscle glycogen, muscle glycogen synthase (GS), muscle nitric oxide (NO), muscle nitric oxide synthase (NOS), endurance performance. We equally divided 36 Sprague-Dawley mice to be distributed into control group, L-NMMA treated group and L-arginine treated group. The L-arginine treated group and L-NMMA treated group consumed 10 mg/kg/day of L-arginine and 5 mg/kg/day of L-NMMA for 6 weeks period. Mice of control group, L-arginine treated group, and L-NMMA treated groups performed swimming exercise training for 60 min once a day, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Blood glucose had tendency to increase in L-arginine treated group than the control group, and insulin significantly increased in L-arginine treated group than the control group. L-arginine treated group showed significant increase in glycogen, GS, NO and NOS in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle compared to the control group. Whereas L-NMMA treated group showed the lowest glycogen, GS, NO and NOS in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle compared to control group and L-arginine treated group. Exhaustive swimming time had tendency to increase in L-arginine treated group compared to the value for control group. These reults indicate that endurance training and prolonged L-arginine supplementation appear to be effective in exhancing nitric oxide production, glycogen concentration and endurance performance.