Clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment performed by endodontic postgraduate students: a retrospective study

Alfahadi Hadi Rajeh,Al-Nazhan Saad,Alkazman Fawaz Hamad,Al-Maflehi Nassr,Al-Nazhan Nada 대한치과보존학회 2022 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.47 No.2

Objectives Regenerative endodontic treatment is a clinical procedure aimed at biologically regenerating damaged root canal tissue of immature permanent teeth. This study aimed to report the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment performed by endodontic postgraduate students. Materials and Methods Clinical and radiographic data of 27 patients, aged 10–22 years, who underwent regenerative treatment of immature permanent teeth from 2015 to 2019 were followed up, wherein clinical and radiographic examinations were performed for each patient. Postoperative success rate and tooth survival were analyzed, and the postoperative radiographic root area changes were quantified. Results A total of 23 patients attended the dental appointments, showing that all teeth survived and were asymptomatic. Specifically, 7 periapical pathosis cases were completely healed, 12 were incompletely healed, and 4 cases failed. Moreover, significant differences were found between discolored and non-discolored teeth, and between the presence or absence of periapical radiolucency. Additionally, 3 anterior teeth showed complete closure of the apical foramen, while the apical foramen width was reduced in 17 teeth and failed in 3 teeth. Root length was also found to have been increased in 7 anterior and 4 posterior teeth, and the average length ranged from 4.00–0.63 mm in the anterior teeth, 2.85–1.48 mm of the mesial root, and 2.73–2.16 mm of the molar teeth distal root. Furthermore, calcified tissue deposition was observed in 7 teeth. Conclusions A favorable outcome of regenerative endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp was achieved with a high survival rate.

Conservative approach of a symptomatic carious immature permanent tooth using a tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine): a case report

Villat, Cyril,Grosgogeat, Brigitte,Seux, Dominique,Farge, Pierre The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

The restorative management of deep carious lesions and the preservation of pulp vitality of immature teeth present real challenges for dental practitioners. New tricalcium silicate cements are of interest in the treatment of such cases. This case describes the immediate management and the follow-up of an extensive carious lesion on an immature second right mandibular premolar. Following anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, the carious lesion was removed and a partial pulpotomy was performed. After obtaining hemostasis, the exposed pulp was covered with a tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine, Septodont) and a glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX extra, GC Corp.) restoration was placed over the tricalcium silicate cement. A review appointment was arranged after seven days, where the tooth was asymptomatic with the patient reporting no pain during the intervening period. At both 3 and 6 mon follow up, it was noted that the tooth was vital, with normal responses to thermal tests. Radiographic examination of the tooth indicated dentin-bridge formation in the pulp chamber and the continuous root formation. This case report demonstrates a fast tissue response both at the pulpal and root dentin level. The use of tricalcium silicate cement should be considered as a conservative intervention in the treatment of symptomatic immature teeth.

Conservative approach of a symptomatic carious immature permanent tooth using a tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine): a case report

Cyril Villat,Brigitte Grosgogeat,Dominique Seux,Pierre Farge 대한치과보존학회 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

The restorative management of deep carious lesions and the preservation of pulp vitality of immature teeth present real challenges for dental practitioners. New tricalcium silicate cements are of interest in the treatment of such cases. This case describes the immediate management and the follow-up of an extensive carious lesion on an immature second right mandibular premolar. Following anesthesia and rubber dam isolation, the carious lesion was removed and a partial pulpotomy was performed. After obtaining hemostasis, the exposed pulp was covered with a tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine, Septodont) and a glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX extra, GC Corp.) restoration was placed over the tricalcium silicate cement. A review appointment was arranged after seven days, where the tooth was asymptomatic with the patient reporting no pain during the intervening period. At both 3 and 6 mon follow up, it was noted that the tooth was vital, with normal responses to thermal tests. Radiographic examination of the tooth indicated dentin-bridge formation in the pulp chamber and the continuous root formation. This case report demonstrates a fast tissue response both at the pulpal and root dentin level. The use of tricalcium silicate cement should be considered as a conservative intervention in the treatment of symptomatic immature teeth.

미성숙 영구치의 재생 근관 치료 증례보고

정화경 ( Hwa Kyong Jeong ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),이난영 ( Nan Young Lee ),윤영미 ( Young Mi Yoon ),임성옥 ( Sung Ok Im ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2015 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.39 No.2

Caries or trauma related to pulp necrosis in an immature tooth can arrest root development, leading to thin root canal walls and blunderbuss apices. Conventional endodontic methods of treating necrotic immature permanent teeth are limited, owing to the tooth’s incomplete root anatomy. The ideal treatment for an immature necrosed tooth is to generate a healthy pulp-dentin complex, thereby allowing continued root maturation. Root elongation, thickening of lateral canal walls, and deposition of new dentine make regenerative endodontic procedures a better treatment option than traditional apexification. In this report, we present two cases of regenerative endodontic procedures in immature premolars that became necrotic due to dens evaginatus.

외상 받은 치아의 치수생활력 검사 : Laser Doppler flowmetry를 이용한 증례보고

김영진,송윤주,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

외상받은 치아에서 치수강폐쇄, 치수괴사, 치근흡수, 인접치조골소실, 치근단염증성변화 및 치아상실 등의 부작용이 나타날 수 있으며, 이는 치근형성정도, 탈구의 종류, 고정의 기간에 따라 예후가 달라진다. 외상 후 부작용의 빈도를 줄이기 위해서는 조기에 치수생활력 유무를 판단하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 미성숙치근을 가진 치아는 치수내 신경발달 분포가 불완전하고, 환자의 연령이 어려 술식에 대한 이해력이 부족하고 치과에 대한 공포감 때문에 전기치수검사등의 전통적인 치수생활력 방법의 신뢰도가 떨어진다. 반면 laser Doppler flowmetry는 치수 혈류량을 측정하여 치수생활력을 검사하는 방법으로서 보존적이며 객관적이고, 외상후 비교적 조기에 치수생활력을 측정할 수 있는 신뢰도가 높은 치수생활력 검사방법이다. 이에 저자는 외상받은 미성숙치아를 대상으로 냉검사, 전기치수검사, laser Doppler flowmetry를 이용하여 치수생활력을 검사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 외상받은 치아의 치수생활력은 초기에는 음성으로 나타날 수 있으나 시간의 경과에 따라 양성으로 회복할 수 있어 장기간의 관찰이 필요하다. 2. 치수생활력은 냉검사, 전기치수검사 보다 laser Doppler flowmetry에서 더 빨리 나타났다. 3. 냉검사와 전기치수검사의 두가지 치수생활력 검사방법 중 전기치수검사 보다 냉검사가 신뢰도가 더 높았다. In the traumatized teeth, the major complications are pulp necrosis, and root resorption. The factors influencing to prognosis are the state of root development, type of injuries, quality of fixation. There are good prognosis in the case of immature teeth, minor luxation injuries. To minimize of occurrence of these complication, it is very important to determine the pulp vitality. This can help us decide whether or not to treat the teeth endodontically. But, it is difficult to determine of pulp vitality in immature teeth or traumatized teeth. In this case, pulp vitality test was done periodically on the traumatized upper central incisors, and the results were different among cold test, electric pulp test, and laser Doppler flowmetry. The conclusions were obtained from this case can be summarized as follows ; 1. Pulp vitality of traumatized teeth should be negative early, but with time going pulp vitality could be recovered. 2. The positive reaponse of pulp vitality test was detected earlier in laser Doppler flowmetry. 3. Between cold teat and electric pulp test, cold test was more reliable in determining pulp vitality.

Management of Infected Immature Permanent Tooth with Pre-eruptive Intracoronal Resorption : Two Case Reports

양선미,김재환,최남기,김선미 대한소아치과학회 2017 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.44 No.2

Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PEIR) is a rare radiolucent lesion often located within the dentin and adjacent to the dentin-enamel junction, underneath the occlusal aspect of the crowns of unerupted teeth. The treatment approaches for these lesions involved with unerupted teeth have been known as to be relatively simple; depending on the extent of resorption, follow-up or restoration can be performed after surgical exposure. However, once the tooth is exposed to the oral cavity after eruption, it becomes highly vulnerable to the development of carious lesions. Thus, immediate intervention is required in such cases; failure to address it may result in the need for more complex treatments including endodontic therapy. The aim of this case report was to describe the characteristics of PEIR and the clinical management of the impacted immature permanent teeth diagnosed with PEIR.

Outcome of Regenerative Endodontic Treatment for an Avulsed Immature Permanent Tooth: A Case Report

박나경,송지현,Park, Nakyoung,Song, Jihyun Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 2018 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

치아의 완전 탈구는 치조골에서 치아가 완전히 이탈된 것으로 정의되며, 결과적으로 신경혈관 공급의 중단을 야기하는 가장 심각한 치과적 손상 중 하나로 알려져 있다. 완전 탈구는 조직 허혈(tissue ischemia)을 야기하며, 이는 치수 괴사를 초래할 수 있다. 치근단형성술(apexification)은 치수 괴사로 진단된 미성숙 영구치에서 치근단 장벽을 유도하는 전통적인 치료 방법이다. 하지만 치근단형성술로는 치근 길이 및 두께의 증가를 포함하는 치근 발육을 얻을 수 없다. 본 증례는 완전 탈구되어 재식된 이후 치수 괴사로 진단된 치아를 가진 5세 환자에서 ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, cefaclor 및 CollaTape과 Biodentine을 이용하여 시행된 치수재생치료(regenerative endodontic treatment)의 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 다루고 있다. Dental avulsion, defined as the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone with consequent loss of the blood and nerve supply, was reported as one of the most severe dental injuries. Avulsion can cause tissue ischemia, which leads to pulp necrosis. Apexification is a conventional treatment method that induces an apical calcified barrier in immature roots with pulp necrosis. However, root development characterized by an increase in the root thickness and length cannot be achieved by apexification. The purpose of this case report was to describe the radiographic and clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment for the avulsed and necrosed permanent tooth with an immature root after replantation in a 5-year-old girl; the treatment was performed using a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor, CollaTape and Biodentine.

외상으로 실활된 미성숙 영구치에서의 계속된 치근 형성

강유진,김혜영,김영진,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

치아에 외상을 받은 경우 치수 생활력의 상실은 흔한 일이다. 치수 생활력을 검사하는 방법으로는 임상적, 방사선학적으로 여러 가지가 있지만, 미성숙 외상치의 경우 일시적 현상과 가성 반응이 나타날 수 있으므로 치수 괴사에 대한 정확한 진단은 매우 어렵다. 생활력을 상실한 치아는 염증성 치근흡수, 치근단 낭종 등의 발생을 방지하기 위하여 치수 치료를 시행한다. 그러나 미성숙 영구치의 경우, 치수 치료를 시행 후 치근 성장이 정지될 수 있어 결과적으로 얇고 짧은 치근이 형성되어 장기적인 예후는 좋지 않다. 본 임상 증례에서는 외상으로 인하여 실활된 초기 영구치에서 치근단부의 최소한의 침습적 치근단 형성술로 계속된 치근 형성을 보여 이에 보고하는 바이다. In case of luxation injuries, loss of tooth vitality is common. And in case of trauma in the immature permanent teeth, precise diagnosis of pulp necrosis is very difficult. That is because limitation in distinguishing between normal dental papilla in immature permanent teeth, transient apical breakdown(TAB), which is part of normal healing process, and apical radiolucency in pulp necrosis. Especially in non-vital immature permanent tooth, the treatment is complex and requires long time. This clinical case report shows that severely infected immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis can undergo healing and apexogenesis or maturogenesis with no definative treatment or after conservative treatment. In the cases reported, we emphasize the considerable power of regeneration of the tooth, probably due to its large number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the dental papilla, pulp tissue, periodontal ligament tissues. Thus, when endodontic treatment in immature permanent teeth, over instrumentation is not recommend for preserve the apical vital stem cells.

항생제를 이용한 미성숙 영구치의 치험례

김소정,조해성,정윤주,최성철,박재홍 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.1

미성숙 영구치의 치수가 괴사되면, 치근 형성이 더 이상 이루어지지 않아 치근벽이 매우 얇고, 치근단공이 열려 있어 근관 치료를 시행하기가 매우 어렵다. 치수가 괴사되고, 치근단 병소가 있는 치아의 근관치료를 시행할 때 가장 중요한 것은 감염 된 근관계를 소독하는 것이다. 이러한 소독은 근관 내 기계적인 기구 조작, 근관 세척, 근관 내 약제를 통해서 이루어질 수 있 는데, 최근 ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, minocycline의 세 가지 항생제 조합을 이용하여 근관 내 병원균을 제거하고, 치 수의 재혈관화를 도모하여, 치근의 지속적인 성장을 유도한 연구와 증례가 많이 보고되고 있다. 이러한 재생적인 근관 치료는 미성숙 영구치를 치료함에 있어서 통법적인 치근단형성술보다 보존적인 치료법으로서 널리 이용될 것이라 사료된다. 본 증례는 치외치의 교두파절로 인하여 치수가 괴사되고, 치근단 병소가 생긴 미성숙 영구치를 주소로 내원한 두 환아에 대 하여 세 가지 항생제 조합을 근관 내 약제로 이용하여 치료한 바, 성공적인 치료결과를 보여 이를 보고하는 바이다. An immature tooth with infected pulp has numerous potential complications. Conventional apexification with calcium hydroxide has several disadvantages, including susceptibility to tooth fracture. This method does not promote continual root development. Pulp revascularization of a necrotic, immature permanent tooth will allow further development of the root and dentinal structure. Disinfection of the root canal system is a prerequisite for pulp revascularization and tissue regeneration. A combination of antibiotic drugs (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline) is effective for disinfection of necrotic pulp, and has been used successfully in regenerative endodontic treatment. These case reports involve the treatment of 3 immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp using a 3-Mix paste and mineral trioxide aggregate. All cases showed the notable apical maturation with closure of the apex and increased thickness of dentinal walls. This approach suggests a paradigm shift in treating endodontically involved immature permanent teeth from the traditional apexification with calcium hydroxide to the conservative approach by providing a favorable environment for tissue regeneration.

Treatment of non-vital immature teeth with amoxicillin-containing triple antibiotic paste resulting in apexification

Park, Hyon-Beom,Lee, Bin-Na,Hwang, Yun-Chan,Hwang, In-Nam,Oh, Won-Mann,Chang, Hoon-Sang The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.4

A recent treatment option for non-vital immature teeth in young patients is revascularization with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). However, tooth discoloration was reported with the use of conventional minocycline-containing TAP. In this case report, amoxicillin-containing TAP was used for revascularization of non-vital immature teeth to prevent tooth discoloration. At the 1 yr follow up, the teeth were asymptomatic on clinical examination and showed slight discoloration of the crown due to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) filling rather than amoxicillin-containing TAP. Radiographic examination revealed complete resolution of the periapical radiolucency, and closed apex with obvious periodontal ligament space. However, the root growth was limited, and the treatment outcome was more like apexification rather than revascularization. These results may be due to unstable blood clot formation which could not resist the condensation force of MTA filling, whether or not a collagen matrix was in place. These cases showed that although revascularization was not successful, apexification could be expected, resulting in the resolution of the periapical radiolucency and the closure of the apex. Therefore, it is worthwhile attempting revascularization of non-vital immature teeth in young patients.