1960년대라는 현재의 기원에 대한 문학적 탐구 - 이호철의 역사소설 연구 시론

구재진 세명대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2024 人文 社會科學硏究 Vol.32 No.3

· 연구 주제: 이 논문은 이호철의 역사소설에 대한 시론적 인구로서 1960년대의 초기 역사소설들이 지니는 양식적 특성을 고찰하고 역사소설로서의 의미와 한계를 구명한 연구이다. · 연구 배경: 분단문학의 대표 작가인 이호철은 다수의 역사소설을 발표하였으나 그에 대한 연구는 일천한 상황이다. 이호철의 역사소설은 한국 사회의 역사에 대한 작가의 관점과 해석을 구명할 수 있는 중요한 자료로서 초기 역사소설로부터 단계적으로 연구될 필요가 있다. · 선행연구와의 차이점: 작품에 나타난 역사 재현 양상에 대한 고찰이나 발굴 작품 소개에 중심을 두었던 선행연구들과 달리 이제까지 연구되지 않은 작품을 연구대상에 포함하여 이호철 초기 역사소설의 양식적 특성과 그 의미를 밝혔다. · 연구방법: 게오르그 루카치의 역사소설론과 이와 관련된 문헌들을 원용하여 작품의 서사와 담론, 역사소설로서의 양식적 특성을 분석하였다. · 연구결과: 연구를 통해서 이호철의 초기 역사소설이 1964년의 위기에 대한 문학적 대응의 일환으로서 당시의 현재인 1960년대를 만든 역사적 기원에 대한 탐구라는 의미를 지니고 있다는 점을 밝혔다. 그리고 두 가지 양식의 역사소설의 특징과 의미를 밝혔다. 하나는 「타인의 땅」을 통해서 나타나는 연대기적 양식으로, 역사의 통시적 구조에 대한 통찰과 역사철학적 인식이 충분히 드러나지 못하고 있다는 한계를 드러내고 있다. 그러나 구한말 ‘개화와 척사’의 문제를 현재의 역사적 기원으로서 상정하고 역사적 방향성을 상실한 ‘타인의 땅’의 문제점을 적시했다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 다른 하나는 「1기 졸업생(1)」과 이후 연작에서 나타나는 회고적 대담의 양식인데, 역사적 인물들의 대담을 통해서 현재와 과거가 마주하도록 하여, 현재에 대한 비판적 성찰과 역사로부터 일종의 ‘오래된 미래’를 발견하고자 하는 모색을 보여주고 있다. 마지막으로 1960년대의 초기 역사소설에 위기의식으로부터 비롯된 ‘불안’과 ‘두려움’의 정치적 무의식이 내포되어 있음을 밝혔다. 결론적으로 역사소설의 창작이 이호철 작가에게는 그의 삶과 문학을 지배했던 한국 현대사의 기원에 대한 탐구이자 한국의 새로운 미래 역사를 향한 기투였음을 구명하였다. · 공헌점 및 기대효과: 이 연구의 의의는 이호철의 역사소설에 대한 본격적인 연구의 시발점으로서 이호철의 문학에서 역사소설이 지닌 의미와 한계를 밝혔다는 점에 있다. 이후 연구는 이호철 역사소설에 대한 단계적이고 발전적인 후속 연구와 1960년대 역사소설 전반에 대한 연구로 이어질 것으로 기대된다. · Research topics: This paper is an exploratory study on Lee Ho-Cheol's historical novels, and it is a study that reveals the stylistic characteristics of his early historical novels and their meaning and limitations as historical novels, and elucidates the meaning of historical novels in Lee Ho-cheol's literature. · Research background: Lee Ho-Cheol, a representative writer of division literature, has published many historical novels, but there is little research on them. Lee Ho-cheol's historical novels are important materials that can elucidate the author's perspective and interpretation of the history of Korean society, and thus need to be studied step by step, starting from his early historical novels. · Differences from prior research: Unlike prior studies that focused on examining the historical representation aspects shown in the works or introducing excavated works, this study focused on the stylistic characteristics of Lee Ho-cheol's early historical novels as historical novels and revealed their meaning and limitations as historical novels. · Research method: By citing Georg Lukács' theory of historical novels and related literature, the work's narrative, discourse, and stylistic characteristics as a historical novel were analyzed. · Research results: Through the study, it was revealed that Lee Ho-cheol's early historical novels had the meaning of exploring the historical origins that created the present year of 1964 as part of a literary response to the crisis of 1964. In addition, the characteristics and meanings of two styles of historical novels were revealed. One is the chronological style shown in "The Land of Others," which has the limitation that it does not sufficiently reveal insight into the diachronic structure of history and historical-philosophical awareness, but it is significant in that it points out the problems of "The Land of Others," which has lost its historical direction, through the aspect of "enlightenment" at the end of the Joseon Dynasty as the historical origin of the present. The other is the retrospective dialogue style shown in "The First Graduates (1)" and subsequent series, which allows the present and the past to face each other through the dialogues of historical figures, thereby demonstrating critical reflection on the present and a search for a kind of old future from history. Lastly, it was revealed that the early historical novels of the 1960s contained the political unconsciousness of ‘a sense of crisis’ and ‘fear’, and it was clarified that for Lee Ho-Cheol, the creation of historical novels was an exploration of the origins of modern Korean history that dominated his life and literature, as well as a struggle toward a new future history for Korea. · Contribution points and expected effects: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it is the starting point for a full-scale study of Lee Ho-Cheol's historical novels and that it has revealed the meaning and limitations of historical novels in Lee Ho-Cheol's literature. From now on, future studies will lead to progressive follow-up study of Lee Ho-Cheol's historical novels and a study of historical novels in the 1960s in general.

조선시대 한글장편소설에 구현된 가상세계로서의 역사

이지영 ( Yi¸ Jiyoung ) 한국고소설학회 2020 古小說 硏究 Vol.50 No.-

The full-length novels in Hangeul of Joseon set in Chinese historical past. The way of fictionalizing history varies depending on the work. There are some novels in which historical events are closely related to the narrative of the novel, while in many novels historical events have nothing to do with the narrative of the novels. But in common these novels focus on conflicts among family members and the meaning of history is different from that of a history book. Readers of the full-length novels in Hangeul who learned history through historical novels, had a different understanding on history from the intellectuals. They did not distinguish historical facts from fictional narrative and more were interested in the conflict of characters than in historical events. To readers of full-length novels in Hangeul, history was a fictional world in which interesting stories unfolded. In this regard, full-length novels in Hangeul of Joseon correspond to the fictional historical dramas of today. The historical fictional world of Joseon's full-length novels in Hangeul was a space in which new story like derivative novels and series novels is created.

북한 역사소설의 역사적 변모

임옥규 ( Ok Kyu Lim ) 북한연구학회 2006 북한연구학회보 Vol.10 No.1

Since the 1945 Liberation of Korea, South Korea and North Korea have proceeded on distinctive ways in the structure of a society and ideology. Their different society systems have caused each of them to create their own unique literature history. These days, South Korea`s interest in North Korea has been increasing and the studies of North Korea literature are making a steady progress. However, most of the studies have dealt mainly with the literature history, particular literary works, certain writers, specific periods, and theory of literary art, which makes the literary difference between South and North Korea greater. This thesis focuses on the historical novels of North Korea. What is called the historical novel is the documentation of a people`s life and constitutes the past events, popular morals, and various people`s lives, and views of the world, with a speculative and artistic method. This thesis intends to propose the possibility to recover national homogeneity which South Korea and North Korea can share in literature. Since the Liberation, the literary world of North Korea has proceeded to the transformation of 1930` social realism. North Korea`s historical novel has created standardization of a type of historical truth and dealt with human and society on the whole in the points of party, class, and people. The novel has consistently maintained the trend of pursuit of realism and nationalism. The establishment of a sole idea system in 1967 caused the creation method of the historical novel in North Korea to be divided into the previous social realism and the subsequent transformed social realism. The Social realism is a revolutionary and militant creation method that reflects the working classes` requests. The social realism prior to 1967 in North Korea was based on the dialectical material view of the world from Marx`s and Lenin`s ideas. In the North Korea`s historical novel based on such creation method, the detailed description of classes` ideas, feelings, and social conditions plays a significant role. The North Korea`s historical novel after 1967 shows the nature of the social realism and sovereign realism which the North Korea claims as its own social realism. The sovereign realism places a great emphasis on the fact that the pressed and exploited class is the primary character in history. Since a type of an autonomous human is requested in the society, that of an independent communist is emphasized in this period`s historical novel. The previous emphasis on party, people and class is transformed into the stress on unity of chief, party, and public. The national form of literature and art is emphasized and the form technique, which meets North Korean`s esthetic sense and demand, is also stressed. The historical novel uses modern Chosun culture language and stresses that its vocabulary and manner of speech agree with the actual language usage of the contemporary period. The significant historical periods in North Korea literature are that of nation formation based on anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, that of the armed antiJapan struggle in 1930s, that of the democratic reform after the liberation, and that of nation liberation war, the Korean War. Based on such historical background, this thesis intends to deal with the subjects of North Korea historical novel by discovering a typical type of communism and discord factors. From the above studies it proves that North Korea`s historical novel doesn`t simply imitate its own history. In the novel, its history becomes the subject and fictitiously transformed. The transformation is based on the present view and plays significant roles in the historical novel. The national form and feature are also stressed in the way the social factors are applied in the novel on its own initiative. The historical novel is written based on the historical principle. The artistic formation unites with the pursuit of national feature revelation and the ideological formation realizes

한국 역사소설 연구의 한 경향 : 이광수 역사소설에 대한 논의를 중심으로

황정현(Hwang Jung-hyun) 韓國批評文學會 2010 批評文學 Vol.- No.35

The historial novels of Kwang-Soo Lee were subject of much discussion, as they were subject of studies on Korean modern historical novels. The historical discussions about Lee's historical novels show us what kind of subjects have been more paid attention. Looking the history of discussions about lee's historical novels could show the tendency of study on the korean modern historical novels. In late 1960∼1980, critics defined the modern historical novels as 'the history of the preceding age'. They insisted that the author's historical consciousness be the most essential condition as the historical novels. On one hand, critics who accepted Lukacs's theory, argued that Lee's works couldn't reach the standards as modern historical novels because of the lack of the historical consciousness. On the other hand, critics appreciated the enlightening value of lee's works. These two conflicting opinions have a common point that the literature is a mirror of the society and the author's consciousness is important. This idea nevertheless ignores the following two important points. First, the deductive definition of 'modern historical novels', following the occidental models, misses the characterisitcs of 'korean historical novel'. Second, the overemphasizing of the author's consciousness ignores the artistic form of novels. The tendency which emphasizes the historical consciousness and the connection between the novel and the society is the countermeasure to the politically chaotic state. The critics tried to find the way to overcome this kind of politically unstable situation with literature and this attitude was reflected on the study on the historical novels.

歷史小說, 歷史드라마에 나타난 古代史像 고찰 : 최인호, 이문열 소설을 중심으로

홍성화(Hong, Sung-hwa) 건국대학교 스토리앤이미지텔링연구소 2013 스토리&이미지텔링 Vol.5 No.-

本考에서는 古代史와 관련된 최인호와 이문열의 저작들을 중심으로 하여 이들 작품에 나타나고 있는 歷史像을 기존 역사학계의 인식과 비교, 고찰해보았다. 또한 이들 역사소설을 바탕으로 한 역사드라마의 흐름도 함께 살펴보았다. 최인호의 저작인『잃어버린 왕국』은 고대 한일관계를 배경으로 하고 있는데, 문제의 초점이 되고 있는 것은 고대 한일관계의 歷史像이다. 즉, 廣開土王碑文과 七支刀의 銘文을 일본인에 의해 훼손되었던 것으로 그리고 있으며, 백제와 왜의 왕실이 혈연적으로 동일하다고 서술하고 있는 등 고대 한일관계 설정에 있어서 국수주의적인 편견이 자리하고 있다. 고대 한반도와 왜 왕실이 혈연적으로 동일하다고 하는 인식은 최인호의 『제4의 제국』에서 다시 재현되고 있다. 반면 최인호의『해신』의 경우는 최근의 역사 연구성과를 문학적 상상력과 결부시켜 소설로 승화시켰다고 평가하고 있다. 하지만, 2004 년 KBS에서 드라마화된 ‘해신’은 소설 『해신』과 달리 내용을 대폭 改變하여 흥미위주의 스토리에 치중하여 역사성을 결여한 작품으로 평가받고 있다. 이문열의『대륙의 한』은 그동안 역사학계에서 끊임없이 논란이 되었던 ‘백제의 요서 진출설’을 긍정적인 입장에서 서술한 것이 특징이다. 일단 이문열은 가공의 인물이 요서를 진출했다고 그림으로써 역사성에 있어서 문제점을 보이고 있다. 그러나 1980년대의 국수주의적인 사회적 분위기를 감안한다면 상대적으로 절제된 인식으로 바라보았던 것으로 보인다. 한편 이문열의『대륙의 한』을 토대로 하여 2011년 KBS에서 제작된 드라마 ‘근초고왕’은 원작과 다르게 많은 면에 있어서 古代史像에 대한 심각한 인식의 오류를 보이고 있다. 역사소설, 역사드라마의 허구적 요소는 어디까지 허용되어야 할 것인가? 일단 역사소설에서 총체적인 歷史像을 제대로 묘사하고 있다면 추가적인 문학적 상상력이나 허구적 요소는 풍부하면 풍부할수록 좋다고 생각된다. 하지만 전체적인 歷史像이 역사적 사실과 어긋날 때는 일반대중의 그릇된 歷史認識 등 여러 가지 부작용을 낳게 된다. 따라서 문학적 허구는 그 시대의 역사상을 더욱 풍부하게 그려내기 위해 동원되어야지 역사상 자체를 왜곡해서는 안될 것이다. The objective of this article is to analyze the ancient historical novels of Choi, In-ho and Lee, Mun-yul, compare historical images expressed in the historical novels with perspectives of current history circles, and investigate historical dramas based on the historical novels. The background of a Choi, In-ho’s novel, ‘The lost Kingdom’, is set in ancient Korea and Japan, but it has problems in historical images of the relationship between the ancient Korea and Japan. This novel claimed that Japanese damaged an epitaph on King Kwanggaeto and an inscription on chiljido on purpose and that royal families of Baekje and Wa are related by blood. This came from nationalistic prejudice. The recognition of the latter is also shown in his other historical novel, ‘the Fourth Empire’. On the other hand, ‘the god of the sea’, one of his historical novels, is being evaluated highly in a perspective of the historical truth while a historical drama aired on KBS TV, which was based on the novel and same titled with the ‘the god of the sea’, receives a low evaluation because of its lack of historical truth. Meanwhile, one of Lee, Mun-yul’s novels, ‘Regret of the continent’, features positive description about a theory of Baekje’s advancement into the west area of Liaohe. This novel has the fallacy of historical truth that a fictional character advanced into the west area of Liaohe, but considering nationalistic atmosphere in the 1980s, it is evaluated that it was described in a relatively abstained historical perspective. On the other hand, ‘King Geunchogo’, a historical drama aired on KBS TV in 2011, which was based on the same novel, showed severe mistakes in recognition of ancient historical images. Now, we have an important question; to what degree should the fictional factors of historical novels and dramas be allowed? My opinion is that if historical novels describe comprehensive historical images well, many literary imaginations and fictional factors are allowed. However, different holistic historical images from historical truth in historical novels would cause side effects such as giving a wrong historical cognition to the public. Therefore, fictional factors should be used to describe comprehensive historical images abundantly without distortion of history.

‘傳’계 소설과 ‘역사소설’의 분절성에 관한 연구 -金華山人의 <李大將傳> 분석을 중심으로-

김병길 동국대학교 한국문학연구소 2011 한국문학연구 Vol.0 No.40

Some researchers have argued that historical biography novel during the period of modern enlightenment was the original basis of 1920's historical novel through continuous variation. This study's purpose is to verify the validity of such that hypothesis. Before this research I have ever argued over the Articulation between historical biography novel and modern historical novel. My conclusion was that those writings are systematically connected in terms of idea on history, but two different things from the point of view of discourse. In other words their common point is historical material, and the core factor is the point of view documenting history. The antagonism between idea on history and composition sense had been a driving force making both historical biography novel and modern historical novel prosperous consequently. These two writing attitudes' mass on history were different and the texts each have also shown varying degrees. Which is a reason not to understand their relation in the continuous respective. This study will verify such assertion through analysis on related texts. The texts of the analysis are “KIMTAEJAJEON”, “LEEDAEJANGJEON”, “YIMGEOJUNGJEON”, “YIMKYUNGUPJEON”, and research subjects are creative motifs, background published serially in a newspaper, and discourse properties etc. Especially this study will take notice of “LEEDAEJANGJEON” which has various facets as an ancient novel, a historical biography novel and a modern historical novel because it can be a useful source to disprove some researchers' argument assuming continuity among them. 근대 계몽기 ‘傳’이 근대적 변이의 과정을 통하여 1920년대 근대역사소설의 원류적 기반이 되었다는 주장이 학계 일각에서 꾸준히 제기되어 온 바 있다. 이 글은 이러한 학설의 타당성을 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에 앞서 필자는 역사전기소설로서 ‘傳’ 계열의 소설과 근대 역사소설 간의 분절적 국면에 대해 논의한 바 있다. ‘記’ 의식의 공유라는 측면에서는 두 글쓰기가 계통적으로 연관되나 담화적 측면에서는 별개의 글쓰기 영역을 구축해갔다는 것이 그 결론이었다. 전계 소설을 포함한 근대 역사전기소설이 역사소설과 동일한 계보를 형성하는 지점은 ‘역사’라는 소재의 공통점에서였고, 그 핵심 인자는 ‘記’ 의식에 있었다. 특히 ‘記’의 상대 개념으로서 ‘作’ 의식과의 긴장을 동력으로 두 글쓰기는 번성을 구가할 수 있었다. 이 두 의식의 상대적 질량은 역사전기소설과 역사소설인가에 따라 달랐고, 또한 그 각각의 텍스트에 따라 현격한 차이를 보인다. 연속성의 관점에서 이 시기 역사문학의 전개를 이해해서는 곤란하다는 근거가 여기에 있다. 이 글은 그와 같은 결론을 텍스트 분석을 통한 실증적 차원에서 검증하고자 기획되었다. 1910년대에서 1930년대까지 ‘傳’의 표제를 달고 신문에 연재된 주요 텍스트들, 예컨대 『金太子傳』, 『李大將傳』, 『林巨正傳』, 『林慶業傳』의 창작동기 및 연재 배경, 그리고 담화적 특질 등에 관한 비교 고찰이 그 주요한 연구 방법이다. 근대 계몽기 ‘傳’이 1910년대 이후 신문연재소설로서 어떠한 변전을 겪었는가를 확인해볼 수 있는 지표로서 이들 텍스트는 충분한 의미를 갖는다. 그 가운데서도 『李大將傳』은 ‘傳’과 고소설, 그리고 근대적인 역사소설로서의 담화적 다층성을 동시에 지닌 텍스트로 주목된다. 이러한 사실은 역사전기소설과 근대 역사소설 간의 연속성을 보여주는 하나의 근거로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 『李大將傳』은 한국 근대문학사에서 대단히 이례적인 텍스트로서 이에 관한 면밀한 분석은 앞서의 가정이 지엽적인 사실에 근거한 것임을 반증하는 데 더없이 유용한 증거가 될 것이다.

한국 역사추리소설에 투사된 대중의 서사적 욕망

김영성 ( Kim Young-sung ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2008 국제어문 Vol.43 No.-

이 논문에서는 역사추리소설에 투사된 대중의 욕망을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 역사추리소설의 유행을 비판할 것인가 아니면 향유할 것인가를 논의하고자 한다. 역사추리소설의 유행은 포스트모던 역사학에 의해 시도된 역사적 상상력의 복원과 맞닿아 있다. 포스트모던 역사학에서는 실증적 과학으로서의 역사를 거부하고 허구로서의 역사를 강조함으로써 역사와 허구의 경계를 해체한다. 이러한 입장을 문학적으로 수용한 역사추리소설은 추론에 의지해 `가능성의 역사`를 재현하고자 한다. 여기서 한 가지 주목해야 할 사실은 추론이 역사소설과 추리소설의 장르적 혼합을 가능하게 한 핵심적인 연결고리라는 점이다. 고전적 추리소설은 `서술되지 않은 공백`을 탐정의 추론을 통해 해결하는 것으로 서사가 완결된다. 역사추리소설에 존재하는 역사와 추리, 사실과 허구라는 이질적 요소들은 바로 이 공백의 서사학을 통해 결합된다. 역사적 공백과 서술되지 않은 공백을 일치시킴으로써 독자인 대중이 사실과 허구의 경계를 인식하지 못하도록 하는 것이다. 역사추리소설에서 역사적 사실에 대한 인지가 사건을 해결하는 중요한 해석적 코드로 작용하는 것도 이 때문이다. 그런데 이렇게 역사추리소설이 쓰여질 경우, 필연적으로 하드보일드형 추리소설의 서사적 특성이 강화될 수밖에 없다. 이러한 서사적 특성으로 인해 탐정의 지위 또한 변하게 된다. 사건과 실존적으로 연루되어 있지 않은 고전적 추리소설의 탐정들과는 달리, 역사추리소설에 등장하는 탐정들은 사건에 직간접으로 연루되어 있는 것이다. 문제는 이렇게 탐정의 지위가 변화되면 그것을 읽는 대중들의 독서 체험 양상도 달라진다는 데 있다. 역사추리소설에서 탐정은 더 이상 대중들로 하여금 죄의식으로부터 벗어나게 하는 `알고 있다고 추정되는 주체`가 아니다. 대중들은 자신들과 유사한 탐정의 모험에 참여함으로써 감정적 동일시와 감동을 체험하게 되고, 이러한 체험을 통해 소설 속에서 재현된 가능성의 역사를 현재의 역사로 인식하게 된다. 그런데 이렇게 현재를 투사하는 거울로서 역사가 기능하게 될 경우 역사추리소설은 개혁에 대한 편향적 시각과 민족주의 담론의 옹호로부터 벗어나야만 한다. 그 벗어남을 위해서 역사추리소설은 대중의 서사적 욕망을 적극적으로 수렴할 필요가 있다. 그렇게 되면, 역사추리소설에서 재현된 가능성의 역사는 비판의 대상이 아니라 향유의 대상으로 대중들에게 인지될 수 있기 때문이다. 최근 들어 한국 역사추리소설에서 등장하기 시작한 보수와 개혁에 대한 객관적 평가, 민족주의 담론에 대한 비판 등과 같은 현상들은 그러한 맥락에서 의미하는 바가 있다. This research analyzes narrative desire of the mass projected on historical detective novel and objected to judge whether to criticize or enjoy trend of historical detective novel. Trend of historical detective novel meets restoration of historical imagination by attempt of post-modern historical science. In post-modern historical science, it refuses history with scientific prove but emphasize fabricated history and dismantle the border of history and imagination. In this aspect, historical detective novel that accepts this situation as literally is trying to reenact `possible history` using deduction. The most important fact here is that key factor that combines two genre of historical novel and detective novel is deduction. As it is well known, classical detective novel is narrated `unnarrated blank` by deduction of a detective. Inhomogeneity facts lieinside the historical detective stories such as history and deduction, truth and imagination can be combined with the epic of `unnarrated blank`. Historical blank and unnarrated blank are united and let mass, readers, cannot recognize border of truth and fiction. Also, it is another reason why the main reason for recognition of historical event is the key factor to resolve the mystery in historical detective novels. On the other hand, when the historical detective novel is written, is must unfold as hard-boiled detective story. Due to this epic characteristic, status of detective inside the story also changes. Not like detectives inside the classical detective novel where they are not related to the incident, detectives inside the historical detective novels are indirectly related to the incidents. The problem lies where readers` reading experience aspect changes as states of detective changes. Inside the historical detective novel, detective is not the `le sujet suppos savoir` who frees mass from sense of guilt anymore. Mass recognizes fabricated written possible history as true history as they participate in the adventure of the detective and experience emotional regard and sensation. Although, historical detective novel faces two different criticizes when history is functions as mirror that projects present. They are biased angle of reformation and protection of nationalism argument. But, mass`s desire on reformation and nationalism is only imaginative and fabricated hallucination. To be free from these criticisms, historical detective novel should reflect epic desire of mass. In that way, reenacted possible history of historical detective novel cab be acknowledged to the mass as object of enjoyment. Recently, there are many historical detective novels are written in Korea. And it is meaningful in presenting various viewpoints of conservatives and progressives along with argument of nationalism.

역사 소설의 서사 양상과 미의식 연구 -류주현, 『조선총독부』를 중심으로

조동범 픽션과 논픽션학회 2023 픽션과논픽션 Vol.5 No.1

류주현은 1948년 단편 「번거롭고 요란스러운 거리」를 『백민(白民)』에 발표하며 등단한 이래 역사 소설과 신문 연재소설에 큰 성과를 냈다. 특히 역사 소설에 매진하여 『조선총독부』, 『대한제국』, 『대원군』 등의 대표작을 남겼다. 이중에서도 『조선총독부』는 방대한 한국 근대사를 치밀하게 재현한 역작이다. 하지만 그는 역사 소설가라는 제한된 범주에 갇힘으로써 올바른 평가를 받지 못했다. 심지어 역사 소설에 대한 평가 역시 제대로 이루어지지 못했다. 한국문학사를 기술한 저작 중 그의 활동을 상세하게 기술한 책도 전무한 실정이다. 또한 류주현 문학을 대상으로 한 학술 연구 역시 미진하다. 역사 소설을 비롯한 류주현 문학 전반에 대한 평가를 정립할 필요가 있다. 역사 소설이 갖는 가치는 공적 담론을 만들고 그것을 공유할 수 있게 한다는 데 있다. 역사적 사실을 작가의 의도에 따라 치밀하게 조직함으로써 역사적 사실은 더 강력한 의미와 효용을 갖는다. 역사 소설의 소설적 허구는 역사적 사실과 중첩되며 실재성을 부여받는다. 『조선총독부』는 치밀한 자료 조사를 통해 역사적 사건의 실체에 가까이 다가서고자 한다. 물론 객관적 사실 이외의 부분은 작가의 상상력을 통해 기술될 수밖에 없지만 역사적 사건이 작품을 이끈다. 류주현은 역사 소설이 갖는 실제와 진실을 재현하고자 했다. 그런 점에서 『조선총독부』는 역사 기록으로 유효한 가치를 지닌다. 그럼에도 불구하고 류주현의 역사 소설에 대한 문제는 남는다. 역사적 사실의 진위 여부와 작가의 사상적, 정치적 입장에 따라 작품의 내용과 해석이 달라질 수 있기 때문이다. 류주현이 역사적 사실을 정교하게 파악한 것은 분명하다. 하지만 소설이라는 특성상 작가의 사견이 개입되기 마련이고 이때 등장인물의 성격과 사건에 대한 판단은 판이하게 달라질 수 있다. 『조선총독부』는 작가의 집요한 취재와 끈기 있는 집필이 돋보이는 작품이다. 일제강점기 모두를 아우르고 있으며 사건의 방대함 역시 돋보인다. 1,700여 명에 이르는 등장인물에 주요 인물만도 백 명이 넘는다. 그만큼 복잡한 사건과 구조를 띨 수밖에 없는 작품이다. 류주현은 이렇게 방대한 작업을 치밀하게 구조화했다. 역사 소설에 천착해 온 류주현의 작품은 역사의 사실과 소설의 허구라는 경계를 오가며 빼어난 문학적 결과물을 내놓았다는 점에서 돋보인다. 류주현은 왕성한 집필 활동과 당대 독자들에게 많은 주목을 받았음에도 문학사에서 소외된 작가다. 더구나 역사 소설 분야에서 독보적인 성취를 이루었음에도 불구하고 해당 장르에 대한 평가 역시 인색한 형편이다. 역사 소설 이외에도 다수의 작품을 남겼다는 점에서 류주현에 대한 평가는 총체적으로 이루어져야 한다. 이런 가운데 류주현의 소설은 비로소 제대로 된 의미를 부여받게 될 것이다. Since debuting in 1948 with the short story A Troublesome and Noisy Street, published in Baekmin (白民), Ryu Joo-hyun's has achieved significant success in historical novels and serialized newspaper novels. Particularly devoted to historical novels, he has left behind representative works such as Chosen Governor-General, Great Korean Empire, and Daewongun. Among them, Chosen Governor-General stands out as a monumental work meticulously reproducing the extensive modern history of Korea. However, confined to the restricted category of a historical novelist, he has not received proper evaluation. Furthermore, even the assessment of his historical novels has not been conducted thoroughly. In works detailing the history of Korean literature, there is a complete lack of detailed descriptions of his activities. Additionally, research focused on Ryu Joo-hyun's literature is also lacking. There is a need for a fresh establishment of evaluations for Ryu Joo-hyun's historical novels. The value of historical novels lies in creating public discourse and allowing it to be shared. By meticulously organizing historical facts according to the author's intention, historical facts gain stronger meaning and utility. The fictional elements of historical novels overlap with historical facts and gain authenticity. Chosen Governor-General aims to approach the essence of historical events through careful research. While parts outside objective facts are inevitably described through the author's imagination, historical events guide the work. Ryu Joo-hyun's wanted to recreate the reality and truth inherent in historical novels. In that regard, Chosen Governor-General possesses valid value as a historical record. However, issues remain regarding Ryu Joo-hyun's historical novels. The accuracy of historical facts and interpretations of the content may vary depending on ideological and political perspectives. Although Ryu Joo-hyun's clearly understood historical facts, the nature of the novel allows the author's opinions to influence the characters' personalities and events, leading to different interpretations. Chosen Governor-General is a work that highlights the author's thorough research and persistent writing. It encompasses the entire period of the Japanese colonial era, and the vastness of the events is also prominent. With over 1,700 characters, including more than a hundred main characters, it is a complex work with intricate events and structure. Ryu Joo-hyun's meticulously structured such a massive undertaking. His works, traversing the boundary between historical facts and fictional elements, stand out as outstanding literary achievements. Despite receiving attention from contemporary readers and having prolific writing activities, Ryu Joo-hyun's was marginalized in literary history. Moreover, despite his exceptional achievements in the field of historical novels, evaluations of this genre are also sparse. Considering his numerous works beyond historical novels, the assessment of Ryu Joo-hyun's should be comprehensive. In this context, Ryu Joo-hyun's novels will finally receive proper significance.

정조 시대를 배경으로 한 역사추리소설 연구

김효진(Kim, Hyo-jin) 중앙어문학회 2015 語文論集 Vol.64 No.-

Historical detective novels are expanding their domain by receiving much love from the public, in an era of the crisis of literature. Due to the surge in post-modernist thought, a change in awareness occurred: that not only historical novels as a history have value as historical novels. This conversion gave rise to many changes in historical novels, and one of such changes is the interest in unrecorded blank history, instead of recorded facts. This change shows the pursuit of studying historical truths concealed in the hidden side of history, by unraveling the blank history of the author’s imagination. Hence, the detective narrative was implemented. Unlike historical novels, detective novels in Korea were unable to exercise influence or create public sensation. Historical detective novels, which sought to find the hidden truth and shed a new light on history, started appearing in full-scale in the 2000s by using the criminal detective story as its basic attribute. Historical detective novels seek the hidden truth and shed new light by summoning the past, and by faithfully reflecting the public’s desire for reformation and change. The era of the past most frequently summoned is the era of Jeongjo, a reforming monarch. This article examines how detective narratives and the public desire are combined, centering on “Long Journey,” “Banggakbon Murder Incident,” and “Painter of the Wind,” which set the Jeongjo era as their background. Through this, Korean historical detective novels show the conflict between the reformation party, representing new change, and the huge extreme-conservatism force, by being primarily set in the Jeongjo era. This result can be said to have been caused by the political distinctiveness of Korea. However, instead of merely dwelling on this feature, historical detective novels restore Korea’s unrecorded history through imagination, as in “Painter of the Wind.” This phenomenon can be interpreted as an expression of the public desire that history be written by the people, not those with power, and revealing the majority public whom could not reveal themselves due to being covered by historical fact.

當代中國網絡歷史小說的敍事硏究

초패 ( Jiao Pei ),왕보하 ( Wang Bao-xia ) 중국어문연구회 2017 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.80

In this paper, 8 works appears around 2006 which is the flourishing period of Chinese Internet historical novels, are the main research objects. They are Meng Hui Da Qing(2004-2005), Treading On Thin Ice (2005), Empresses in the Palace(2006-2007), Hui Dao Ming Chao Dang Wangye(2006-2008), Theft of the Ming Empire(2007-2008), Ji Pin Jia Ding(2007-2008), Qing Yu Nian(2007-2008), Nirvana in Fire(2006-2007). The paper analyzed spatiotemporal, characters, plots to probe rules of Chinese internet historical novels and audience psychology. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to realize innovation of Chinese internet literature research from the dual dimension of microcosmic and macroscopic angles. On the perspective of Elitism, internet historical novels might be kind of kitsch for netizens. But on the perspective of Populism, it is kind of disenchantment with the real world. An excellent internet historical novel must be based on rigorous system construction and values supported by each other. The protagonists of the internet historical novels are apt to have obvious superiority. The superiority of female characters embodies on love lives, but male characters not only have to have wonderful love but also achieve great successes. The difference of character arrangement reflects that the appeal of female readers is love, but male readers prefer to get spiritual sustenance of personal success and patriotism from the novels. In internet historical novels, plots about love tend to be arranged according to gender of readers. The frame of mind that Dare not to love, but desire to be loved is enlarged in internet historical novels. The protagonists of the internet historical novels never lack plots of love. In addition, different versions of encouragement plots tend to be provided for readers in internet historical novels. The plots of changing the course of history in the novels which provoke people to pursue power, money and belief turn to be reforming political system, promoting the economic development, reforming military system and spreading enlightenment thoughts specifically in the internet historical history.