Evaluation of Eye Injury Cases in a Single Emergency Department

김성훈,류현욱,박정배,서강석,정제명,신수정,김종근,박신률,성애진 대한응급의학회 2011 대한응급의학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Purpose: After cataracts, eye injuries are the second leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. But most eye injuries are preventable simply by wearing appropriate eye protection. In this study we evaluate factors leading to eye injury in a sample of emergency department (ED) patients. Methods: This study was conducted with 424 isolated eye injury patients who visited our ED from January to December of 2008. The following data were reviewed; date of visit, characteristics of subjects, existing use of eyewear,relationship of injury to work, causative activity, location where the injury occurred, type of injury, disposition at ED discharge, length of hospital stay, and the existence of sequelae. Severe eye injuries were classified based on the type of injury, disposition at ED, remaining visual loss, and sequelae. Results: Among the total 424 isolated eye injury patients,411 cases were analyzed. Eye injuries occurred most frequently at home (22.6%), in a factory workplace (21.2%), or an outdoor agricultural workplace (18.2%). The incidence of eye injuries peaked in the fifth decade of life. Among the 306 (74.5%) cases that were workplace unrelated, the main causative activities were assault (18.0%), injury associated with play (14.1%), sports (11.1%), and lawn mowing (9.2%). Conclusion: The most common location where the eye injury occurred was at home. Eye injuries prevention in the workplace is well promoted, but in fact, eye injuries were more common at home and during non-occupational activities. We suggest that public education programs which highlight non-occupational eye injury risk and prevention measures should be instituted to reduce preventable eye injuries.

Case Reports : Evaluation of Eye Injury Cases in a Single Emergency Department

( Seong Hun Kim ),( Hyun Wook Ryoo ),( Jung Bae Park ),( Kang Suk Suh ),( Jae Myung Chung ),( Su Jeong Shin ),( Jong Kun Kim ),( Shin Ryul Park ),( Ae Jin Sung ) 대한응급의학회 2011 대한응급의학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Purpose: After cataracts, eye injuries are the second leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. But most eye injuries are preventable simply by wearing appropriate eye protection. In this study we evaluate factors leading to eye injury in a sample of emergency department (ED) patients. Methods: This study was conducted with 424 isolated eye injury patients who visited our ED from January to December of 2008. The following data were reviewed; date of visit, characteristics of subjects, existing use of eyewear, relationship of injury to work, causative activity, location where the injury occurred, type of injury, disposition at ED discharge, length of hospital stay, and the existence of sequelae. Severe eye injuries were classified based on the type of injury, disposition at ED, remaining visual loss, and sequelae. Results: Among the total 424 isolated eye injury patients, 411 cases were analyzed. Eye injuries occurred most frequently at home (22.6%), in a factory workplace (21.2%), or an outdoor agricultural workplace (18.2%). The incidence of eye injuries peaked in the fifth decade of life. Among the 306 (74.5%) cases that were workplace unrelated, the main causative activities were assault (18.0%), injury associated with play (14.1%), sports (11.1%), and lawn mowing (9.2%). Conclusion: The most common location where the eye injury occurred was at home. Eye injuries prevention in the workplace is well promoted, but in fact, eye injuries were more common at home and during non-occupational activities. We suggest that public education programs which highlight non-occupational eye injury risk and prevention measures should be instituted to reduce preventable eye injuries.

응급센터로 내원한 소아 안 손상 환자의 특성과 위험요인: 다기관 단면 연구

이숙희,류현욱,안재윤,서강석,박정배,신상도,송경준,박창배,이강현,유인술,조진성,류현호,정태오,염석란 대한응급의학회 2014 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.25 No.5

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determinethe characteristics and risk factors of pediatric eye injurypatients in the emergency department and to offer strategiesfor prevention of pediatric eye injury. Methods: This prospective study was conducted by use ofa standardized eye injury survey of patients under the ageof 16 years who were treated for ocular injury at nine emergencymedical centers, from March to September of 2010. The following data were collected; general characteristics ofthe study population, type and location of injury, causativeactivities, and materials of injury. Risk factors associatedwith open-globe injury were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 1,151 patients were enrolled in the study;75% were male. The highest incidence was observedbetween the age of 11 and 16 years (34.5%); 79.2% ofpatients had closed globe injury. The most common type ofinjury was contusion (65.4%) in closed globe injury and penetration(5.1%) in open-globe injury. Eye injury occurredmost commonly at home (48.6%), followed by school/institution(19.4%). The most common causative activity andmaterial were play (42.4%) and person/animal/plant (17%). Application of eye protective equipment (odds ratio: 24.33;95% CI: 11.32~52.29) was found to be a statistically significantfactor for occurrence of an open-globe injury. Conclusion: Establishment of safety measures consideringgender and age is important since characteristics of pediatriceye injury differ based on such risk factors. The risk ofopen-globe eye injury increased with application of personalprotective equipment, therefore, public education and promotionto use protective equipment of adequate level wouldbe considered important.

눈 화학 손상의 임상적 고찰

송성권,김형민,정원중,소병학,최승필 대한응급의학회 2013 대한응급의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to emergency rooms with ocular chemical injuries, the substances responsible for such injuries, in order to improve their prevention and treatment. Methods: The subjects of this study were 73 patients admitted to the hospital with ocular chemical injuries from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. The subjects were divided into groups based on the PSS (poisoning severity score)grade of their injuries, where grades 0 and 1 were classified as the low group (low PSS) and grades 2 and 3 were classified as the high group (high PSS). There were 28 subjects in the low PSS group (38.3%) and 45 subjects in the high PSS group (61.6%). The results were retrospectively reviewed by examining the medical records of the patients. Results: Upon their arrival to the hospital, the most common symptoms were red eye (50.7%), pain (39.7%), and eye irritation (39.7%). Red eyes were more frequently observed from 27 persons (60%) in the high PSS group (p=0.04). The most common causative substances were chemicals and adhesives/glues for both groups (21 cases each). Among the 15 patients exposed to acids or alkalis,13 patients belonged to the high PSS group. Only two patients visited the hospital after having washed their eyes. Conclusion: Worse damage was observed from workrelated exposure (including alkali or acid exposure), causing red eye and ocular chemical injuries. Onsite first aid was lacking.

안와파열골절 환자에서 중증 외상성 안구내 손상 발생과 연관인자 분석

신재훈 ( Jae Hoon Shin ),이미진 ( Mi Jin Lee ),박성수 ( Seong Soo Park ),정원준 ( Won Joon Jeong ),유연호 ( Yeon Ho You ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: Blunt trauma can cause a wide range of ocular injuries. This study was performed to describe the prevalence of severe intraocular injuries (SIOI) and their correlation with the severity of blunt orbital trauma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 117 eyes of 107 patients with orbital wall fractures who visited the emergency room at Konyang University Hospital from July 2006 to June 2008. Clinical features such as age, sex, causes of injury, revised trauma score (RTS), type of orbital wall fractures were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups: blowout fracture with severe intraocular injuries (SIOI) and blowout fracture without SIOI. We compared the clinical and the injury-related characteristics between two groups and analyzed the SIOS-related factors. Results: Among the 107 patients (117 eyes) with blowout fractures, 29 (27.1%) patients with 32 eyes (25.6%) had complicated severe intraocular injuries. Retrobulbar hemorrhage (14.5%), hyphema (13.7%), traumatic optic nerve injury (4.3%), and sustained loss of visual acuity (4.3%) were the most common SIOI disorders. A logistic regression analysis revealed that loss of visual acuity (odds ratio=4.75) and eyeball motility disorder (odds ratio=7.61) were significantly associated with SIOS. Conclusion: We suggest that blowout fracture patients with loss of visual acuity or eyeball motility disorder are mostly likely to have severe intraocular injuries, so they need an ophthalmologic evaluation immediately. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:97-102)

EMLA cream induced bilateral corneal de-epithelization

Hong Nien Lee,Fazliana Ismail,Visvaraja Subrayan 대한미용의학회 2020 대한미용의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

EMLA cream is widely used in dermatological procedures and is frequently applied prior to cosmetic procedures. Limited restriction of use among the personnel who handle the patients or customers. The exposure of EMLA cream to the cornea can have profound effects; it poses the risks of eye infections, reduced vision, discomfort, and pain. The aim of this study was to increase the awareness of the side effects of EMLA cream application near the eyes. EMLA, being an alkaline cream, causes corneal injury rapidly; hence, precautions should be taken during its use. EMLA cream is easily accessible and widely used in the cosmetic industry. Its use near the eye region requires extra caution. Patients experiencing difficulty in opening the eyes and discomfort after application of EMLA cream near the eyes should not be ignored. It is important to avoid EMLA cream entering into the eyes during its applications on the eyelids. De-epithelized cornea is more prone to infection, subsequently resulting in scarring and permanent reduction in vision.

예초기에 의한 안 외상 환자의 임상적 고찰

강인구 ( In Gu Kang ),박철상 ( Cheol Sang Park ),류현식 ( Hyun Sik Ryu ),허석진 ( Sok Jin Heo ),채연석 ( Youn Sok Chae ),김현진 ( Hyun Jin Kim ),박성수 ( Seong Soo Park ),이미진 ( Mi Jin Lee ),정원준 ( Won Joon Jeong ) 대한외상학회 2011 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: Lawn trimmers are widely used to cut the weeds around graves in South Korea, but they can cause ocular injury. We investigate at the emergency room the incidence and the clinical features of ocular trauma induced by lawn trimmers. Methods: The authors analyzed 106 patients who visited Konyang University Hospital`s emergency room from March 1, 2007, to October 31, 2011, because of ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer. Patients were sorted into two groups, severe ocular injury and mild ocular injury, Results: Over a 5-year period, 106 patients with ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer underwent clinical study, Most of the patient (103 patients) were males, and the average age of the patients was 51.75±11.66 years, The incidence of ocular trauma peaked in the sixth decade of life. Most injuries occurred between July and September. Severe ocular injury developed in 46.2% of all patients. As age increased, so did the severity of the ocular injury. The impacting object was a small stone in 43.4% of all patients, Nobody wore protective gear, The most common diagnosis were corneal abrasion, followed by intraocular foreign body, corneal laceration, and sclera laceration. Fifty-four patients were followed up, and thirty-six patients of them had severe injury. The most common complication was a traumatic cataract. Conclusion: Ocular trauma induced by a lawn trimmer is more severe than general ocular trauma. We suggest that everyone using a lawn trimmer should wear protective gear and follow safety guidelines.

외상기전에 따른 안 손상의 양상에 관한 연구

정상기,소정일,김성근,허탁,박주경,류진호,김용권,민용일 대한응급의학회 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The study was the clinical analysis of 509 patients with pure ocular injuries who visited to Chonnam University Hospital Emergency center from July. 1, 1996 to June. 30, 1997 retrospectively. Clinical data survey including sex and age distribution, causes of trauma, injury site, ocular disease, and surgical intervention was done. Most of ocular injury patients were male. 3rd and 4th decade who were socially active were nearly 50%. Direct and indirect injury from foreign body was the most common cause of ocular injuries followed by fist blow, traffic accident, falling down, and sport injury. Cornea was the most common ocular injury site (209 patients, 41.1%). The incidence of the traumatic ocular disease showed corneal erosion (117 patients, 22.9%) and then eyeball perforation, traumatic hyphema etc. by frequency of order. Eyeball perforation was the most common ocular injury which needed a emergency surgical intervention. As a results, emergency physicians have to pay attention to the cornea in case of any type of ocular injuries and eyeball perforation which caused by direct and indirect injury from foreign body.

자석 블럭을 이용한 시지각 및 눈-손 협응 훈련 개발: 표준화 및 만족도 예비연구

문종훈(Jong-Hoon Moon),강소라(So-La Kang),김영실(Young-Sil Kim),최지용(Ji-Yong Choi),박인혜(In-Hye Bak) 한국인지운동치료협회 2019 한국신경인지재활치료학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This pilot study seeks to standardize the visual perception and eye-hand coordination training using magnet blocks and investigate the satisfaction of brain injury patients and occupational therapists. Sixty-one healthy adults participated in the study to standardize the visual perception and eye-hand coordination training using magnet blocks. To measure the satisfaction for both the magnet block training and pencil-paper training, ten occupational therapists and fifteen brain injury patients participated. The study used a numerical rating measurement to measure satisfaction. For the standardization, the study divided participants into two groups: adult aged 20~39 and aged 40~64. The study then measured the time for using both hands, dominant hand, and non-dominant hand. The result of comparing the rate satisfaction felt by occupational therapists and brain injury patients from two types of training using pencil-paper and magnet block respectively did not show any significant difference (p>.05). The visual perception and eye-hand coordination training using the magnet block showed the same result with the training using pencil and paper in terms of satisfaction.

입 벌림 인식과 팝업 메뉴를 이용한 시선추적 마우스 시스템 성능 개선

변주영,정기철,Byeon, Ju Yeong,Jung, Keechul 한국멀티미디어학회 2020 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

An important factor in eye-tracking PC interface for general paralyzed patients is the implementation of the mouse interface, for manipulating the GUI. With a successfully implemented mouse interface, users can generate mouse events exactly at the point of their choosing. However, it is difficult to define this interaction in the eye-tracking interface. This problem has been defined as the Midas touch problem and has been a major focus of eye-tracking research. There have been many attempts to solve this problem using blink, voice input, etc. However, it was not suitable for general paralyzed patients because some of them cannot wink or speak. In this paper, we propose a mouth-pop-up, eye-tracking mouse interface that solves the Midas touch problem as well as becoming a suitable interface for general paralyzed patients using a common RGB camera. The interface presented in this paper implements a mouse interface that detects the opening and closing of the mouth to activate a pop-up menu that the user can select the mouse event. After implementation, a performance experiment was conducted. As a result, we found that the number of malfunctions and the time to perform tasks were reduced compared to the existing method.