한국어 구어의 감탄문 표현

홍종선(Hong Jong seon) 한국언어문학회 2017 한국언어문학 Vol.101 No.-

In sentential types in Korean, the ‘exclamatory sentence’ is under some controversy among scholars with respect to whether it can be classified as an independent sentential type. However, since the exclamatory sentence has its own characteristics distinguished from the declarative sentence, it can be established as a sentential type in Korean. Although the criteria for categorial division and classification of type for the exclamative sentence are not clearly defined, these facts cannot be the reasons to claim that the exclamative sentence is not an independent sentential type. In fact, Korean exclamatory sentence has not been highlighted much in previous researches. The exclamatory sentence in spoken Korean is rarely constructed with the sentential endings classified to this date as exclamatory endings. Following the author’s analysis of exclamatory sentences used in the dialogue of television dramas, it is revealed that the exclamatory sentence often ends with various final endings and connective endings as well as other parts of speech. For this matter, the main factor governing the hearers’ recognition of the exclamatory sentence mainly depends on intonation. The exclamatory sentence in spoken Korean does not only have the tone of /231/ and /241/ unlike what is claimed in other previous grammar books. In fact, the final intonation of actual utterance is realized with all of three types such as ‘flat tone’, ‘rising tone’, and ‘falling tone’. Compared to the declarative sentence, the exclamatory sentence is more dynamic in articulation since it has a greater fluctuation of intonation in utterance. Furthermore, the exclamatory sentence has a higher sound pitch in the final syllable of an utterance and whole utterance compared to the declarative sentence, and also the final syllable of an utterance has a longer sound length in the exclamatory sentence.

현대중국어 ‘多不X’ 감탄구문의 의미 분석

김홍매 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2018 외국학연구 Vol.- No.46

The present study analyzes the significance of exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ in modern Chinese language. Through a corpus analysis, this study examines the significant characteristics of the ‘不X’ in the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ and the ‘多不X’ sentence structure. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, for the discussion on the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’, the present study separately categorized the ‘不X’ that comes after the exclamatory adverb ‘多’ into word and phrase categories based on the example sentences of the corpus. It also examined whether ‘X’ is used also in the ‘多X’ exclamatory sentence structure. The results of the analysis indicate that ‘不X’ mostly represents a negative significance, regardless of being used as a word or a phrase. Among the uses, in the cases of the adjective ‘X’ and the verbal phrase ‘X’ that are used in ‘不X’ can modify to the highest degree adverb ‘最’, then they can be used in the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多X’; when they cannot be modified to ‘最’, then they cannot be used in the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多X’. Furthermore, when the adjective ‘X’ is examined, it is more frequently used to indicate the subjective quality of the situation or condition that the person or the object is in, rather than the objective quality of the person or the object. Second, to analyze the significance of the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’, the examples of ‘不好意思’ which has a high usage frequency for ‘不X’ among the example sentence materials of the corpus were extracted, and the syntactic distribution of the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ was also analyzed. The results showed that the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ can constitute an independent exclamatory sentence, or it can be used as a predicate and as a complement within an exclamatory sentence. Furthermore, when exclamatory sentences are categorized into delivery exclamatory sentences and monologue exclamatory sentences, the exclamatory sentence composed with the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ is used in both delivery and monologue exclamatory sentences.

인지 작용 양상에 따른 한국어 감탄 표현 연구

정선주 ( Sun Ju Jeong ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2007 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.40

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern and the characteristics of exclamatory sentences according to the aspects of cognitive working of Korean. Since the researches of such sentences have mainly been achieved in terms of the classification of type of sentences, researches of ‘-ku-’ class final ending , such as ‘-ku, -kuna’, or the mood-related take most parts. The main interests of this research are to establish the boundary of the exclamatory sentences in terms of pragmatics in a broad sense; to set it up extensively; and to study the aspects of cognitive working when we speak to exclamatory sentences. The exclamatory sentences can be classified into two types: 1. reflected exclamatory sentences: instant expression when a person responses from a stimulus 2. cognitive exclamatory sentences: relatively more lagged responses than reflected exclamatory sentences due to time required to think and response.

한·몽 양국 언어 학습자를 위한 현대몽골어와 한국어의 감탄문 대조 연구

김기성 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2024 東洋學 Vol.- No.94

본 연구에서는 몽골어 감탄문에 대한 유형, 구성 및 그의 의미, 기능 등을 종합, 정리해 살펴보고, 이를 기 준으로 한국어 감탄문과 서로 대조 분석해 보았다. 몽골어 감탄문의 유형을 1) 문말 억양/어조 감탄문, 2) 서 술어 반복 감탄문, 3) 감탄사, 호칭어 감탄문, 4) 의문사 감탄문, 5) 첨사(양태 첨사) 감탄문 등으로 분류하고, 한국어 감탄문을 구성하는 감탄형 종결어미들과의 대응 예를 살피며 서로 대조 분석하였다. 우선 양 언어는 억양, 어조, 감탄사 등을 활용하여 감탄문을 실현한다는 점에서는 서로 유사한 면이 있다. 그러나 몽골어와 한국어는 감탄문을 형성하는 방식에서 일부 차이를 보인다. 즉, 몽골어의 경우 감탄문은 평서 문, 명령문, 의문문의 문말 종결 형태가 변하지 않고, 대신 억양과 어조 등을 통해 감탄의 의미를 전달한다. 한편, 한국어는 평서문, 명령문, 청유문, 의문문을 구성하는 종결어미처럼 별도의 감탄형 종결어미를 사용해 감탄의 의미를 표현한다. 다시 말해, 몽골어는 감탄문을 형성할 때 문장 구조나 종결어미의 사용에서 큰 변화 가 없지만, 한국어는 감탄문을 형성할 때 감탄형 종결어미를 도입하며 문의 형태를 변화시킨다. 또한 몽골어는 종결 서술어 뒤에 각종 양태 첨사를 별도로 덧붙여 씀으로써 감탄문을 형성하기도 하지만, 한국어에는 이와 같 은 방법이 없다. 한국어에서 말하는 감탄문은 주로 1인칭 화자와 평서문 등에 상관되지만, 몽골어의 감탄문은 다양한 유형 (평서형, 명령청유형, 의문형)에 따라 1인칭 화자뿐만 아니라 2인칭, 3인칭 청자 모두와 관련지을 수 있다. 따 라서 의미상으로 1인칭 화자의 평서형 감탄문의 경우는 한국어 감탄문과 유사하다고 볼 수 있지만, 2·3인칭 의 청자와 관련되는 명령·청유형 감탄문, 의문형 감탄문의 경우는 차이를 보인다. 즉, 한국어 감탄형 어미 ‘(는)군요, -(는)구나, ⋯⋯’ 등이 갖고 있는 처음 알거나 새롭게 알게 되면서 느끼게 되는 감탄과 놀라움의 의 미뿐만 아니라 주의, 경고, 비난, 질책, 화냄, 언짢음, 귀찮음, 짜증냄 등의 의미가 들어간 주의, 경고문의 성격 도 짙어짐을 알 수 있었다. This study examined the types, composition, meaning, and functions of Mongolian exclamatory sentences, and conducted a comparative analysis with Korean exclamatory sentences. The types of Mongolian exclamatory sentences were classified into 1) sentence-ending intonation/tone exclamatory sentences, 2) repetitive verb exclamatory sentences, 3) exclamatory words, address terms exclamatory sentences, 4) interrogative word exclamatory sentences, 5) particle (modal particle) exclamatory sentences, etc., and a comparative analysis was conducted by examining the corresponding examples of exclamatory endings that constitute Korean exclamatory sentences. As a result, several characteristics were found. Firstly, both Mongolian and Korean share similarities in expressing exclamatory sentences by utilizing intonation, tone, and interjections. However, there are some differences in the way Mongolian and Korean form exclamatory sentences. That is, in the case of Mongolian, the sentence-ending forms of declarative sentences, imperative sentences, and interrogative sentences do not change in exclamatory sentences, and instead, the meaning of exclamation is conveyed through intonation and tone. Meanwhile, Korean uses separate exclamatory endings to express exclamation, just like it uses different endings to form declarative, imperative, request and interrogative sentences. In other words, while Mongolian does not undergo significant changes in sentence structure or use of endings when forming exclamatory sentences, Korean introduces exclamatory endings and changes the form of the sentence when forming exclamatory sentences. Also, Mongolian forms exclamatory sentences by attaching various modal particle separately after the final predicate, but Korean does not have such a method.

한중 감탄문 실현양상의 대조 연구: 한중 병렬말뭉치를 중심으로

당기 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.16

본 연구는 한중 병렬말뭉치 분석을 통해 한국어 감탄문의 실현 양상 그리고 대응하는 중국어 감탄문의 실현 양상을 살펴보고, 병렬말뭉치에 있는 한국어 감탄문과 그들의 대응하는 중국어 표현의 특징을 밝히는 데에 목적을 둔다. 더 나아가 이 연구를 통하여 두 언어를 배우는 학습자들에게 유익한 도움이 되기 바란다. 제1장에서는 연구 목적을 제시하고 연구 배경을 설명하면서 연구 동기와 연구 필요성을 제시한다. 제2장은 선행연구 검토로 한국과 중국에서 감탄문에 대한 연구 성과를 살펴본다. 기존 선행연구 검토하면서 기존 연구의 한계점을 찾아내고 본 연구가 보완할 수 있는 부분을 다시 한 번 확인하고자 한다. 제3장에서는 한국어와 중국어 감탄문의 실현 양상에 대해 서술한다. 한국어 감탄문은 주로 감탄형 종결어미로 실현되고 그 외에도 감탄보문이나 다른 문장형식으로 실현된다. 반면에 고립어인 중국어 감탄문은 주로 감탄 어기사에 의해 실현되고 그 외에 정도부사나 지시대사, 그리고 다른 문장형식으로 실현된다. 제4장에서는 앞의 내용을 이론 기초로 한중 병렬말뭉치를 분석을 통해 말뭉치에 나타난 한국어 감탄문을 살펴보고 그 특징을 밝히도록 한다. 감탄형 종결어미로 실현된 감탄문은 가장 전형적이지만 사용 빈도가 그리 높지 않는 것을 볼 수 있다. 또한 말뭉치에 나온 한국어 감탄문을 대응하는 중국어 표현을 분석하고 그 특징을 살펴보았다. This paper analyzes the use of exclamatory sentences in Korean and the implementation forms of exclamatory sentences by analyzing the parallel corpus of Korean and Chinese, and further analyzes the realization tense and characteristics of Chinese exclamatory sentences corresponding to Korean exclamatory sentences. Through such research, I hope that I can help some learners who are learning Korean or Chinese. The first chapter mainly introduces the research purpose of this paper. While introducing the research background, it also illustrates the motivation and necessity of the researches. The second chapter is based on summarizing the previous researches, respectively examining South Korea's previous research and China's previous researches, and pointing out the shortcomings in the previous researches. In the following narratives, I try to make corresponding supplements by referring to the shortcomings of the previous researches. The third chapter is the theoretical basis, mainly analyzing the realization forms of Korean and Chinese exclamatory sentences. The exclamatory sentence of Korean is mainly expressed by the end of the exclamatory sentence, and it is also realized by the supplementary sentence with exclamatory meaning. Although it is a minority case, sometimes it will express sigh through other forms. However, as an isolated language, Chinese mainly expresses sigh through the sigh of modality. Of course, the expression of exclamatory sentences can also be expressed by degree adverbs or demonstrative pronouns, or by special sentence forms. Based on the previous explanations, the fourth chapter analyzes the parallel corpus materials of Korean and Chinese. On the basis of the previous theoretical explanations, the specific implementation forms of Korean exclamatory sentences are observed. At the same time, it also analyzes the Chinese corresponding to the Korean exclamatory sentence.

한국어 감탄문 설정의 비판적 고찰

조민하(Jo, Min-ha) 우리말글학회 2019 우리말 글 Vol.80 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 구어의 억양 분석을 통해 한국어 감탄문 설정을 비판적으로 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해 여성 자유발화 300분 분량을 대상으로 구어 특성인 감탄 표현의 객관적 분석을 시도하였다. 연구 결과를 통해 감탄은 문법 범주가 아닌 의미 특성으로 논의되어야 함을 주장하였다. 감탄의 의미 특성은 운율 요소를 통해 실현된다. 그러나 특정 운율 요소가 ‘감탄’을 문법적으로 규정할 만한 상호 배타적 특성으로 존재하지 않는다. 감탄의 의미는 구체적으로 [놀람]으로 규정할 수 있다. ‘감탄-[놀람]’은 ‘HL:’, ‘LHL’를 통해 강한 정감성이, ‘LH’, ‘L:’, ‘M:’를 통해 간접적, 암시적 정감성이 실현된다. ‘감탄-[놀람]’은 형태소의 기본 의미와 이에 따른 운율 요소의 상호 작용에 의해 실현된다. 이 연구는 ‘감탄’의 표현 기제를 고찰하기 위해 구어 음성 자료의 운율분석을 통해 과학적 접근을 시도했다는 데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the setting of exclamatory sentence through intonation analysis of spoken language. As a result of this study, we concluded that the exclamatory expression should be category of declarative sentence. The reason for this is as follow. First, it is difficult to define the exclamatory endings. The exclamatory expression is performed by various endings besides ‘-guna’. Second, it is difficult to the grammatical define of exclamatory sentence intonation. The intonation of exclamatory can not be distinguished from the declarative sentence. The prosodic element more functions actively than the morphologic element in exclamatory expression. The exclamatory expression should be treated as a semantic category, modality, rather than a grammatical category.

문장의 유형에 대한 초등 국어 문법 교육 내용 연구

이병규 한국초등국어교육학회 2012 한국초등국어교육 Vol.50 No.-

This article suggested the accomplishment criteria and content factors for teaching-learning of sentence types based on the features and objectives of grammar education. This paper discussed that the accomplishment criteria and content factors must satisfy three aspects of the following. First, it has to be manifested what is the value of grammar education related to the sentence types. Second, main agents of curriculum manifestation need to be able to understand the emphasis for teaching-learning of the sentence types. Finally, the accomplishment criteria and content factors must be clearly made in order for the agents to grasp without being confused when they publish textbooks and they teach classes. Moreover, criticizing that terminology indicating subcategories of the sentence types is not unified,this article proposed standard terminology- declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, suggesting sentence, exclamatory sentence,and promising sentence. 이 글에서는 문법 교육의 성격과 목표를 고려한 문장 유형에 대한 성취 기준과내용요소에 대한 구체적인 모습을 제시하였다. 교육과정의 성취 기준과 내용 요소를통하여 문장 유형의 문법 교육적 의미가 무엇인지 명확히 드러나야 하고, 교수ㆍ학습의 중점도 파악할 수 있어야 하며, 교육과정 실행 주체가 쉽게 이해할 수 있어서 교과서 개발이나 교수ㆍ학습 실행에 혼란이 없어야 한다는 점을 논의했다. 아울러 교육과정에서 그동안 문장의 유형과 관련된 용어가 통일되지 않은 채 혼용되어 온 점을비판하고 통일된 용어로 ‘설명하는 문장’, ‘묻는 문장’, ‘시키는 문장’, ‘제안하는 문장’,‘감탄하는 문장’, ‘약속하는 문장’이 타당함을 논의했다.

한·중 문장 종결 유형 대조 분석 연구- 한국어 종결어미와 중국어 어기사 대조를 중심으로 -

손설봉,김정남 한국어의미학회 2018 한국어 의미학 Vol.59 No.-

This study is about contrastive analysis of sentence-ending forms in Korean and Chinese languages, based on sentence final endings in Korean and mood words in Chinese. Through a comparison of sentence-ending forms in different sentence types in Korean classified into a declarative sentence, an interrogative sentence, an imperative sentence, a sentence of suggestion, an exclamatory sentence, a promissory sentence and a permission sentence with certain sentence types of Chinese such as a declarative sentence, an interrogative sentence, an imperative sentence, an exclamatory sentence, an expression of promise and an expression of permission, this study introduces the concept of sentence-ending forms, the usage of typical sentence-final endings and mood words and its subclassifications and finds common ground and similarities in both languages.

现代汉语中的有标记感叹句考察

金正勋,(Kim, Jung-Hun),金炫兑,(Kim, Hyun-Tae) 대한중국학회 2017 중국학 Vol.59 No.-

现代汉语中,有一类感叹句,它们的句首并不一定要有叹词,但是整个句子的表情特点与传感功 能比仅有叹词起首的感叹句的情感表达更突出,实际语言运用中分布范围更广,使用频率更高。这就 是副词标记典型感叹句。副词标记典型感叹句指现代汉语中有一类句子形式上带有突出情感表现的 副词如“多、多么、太、好、真、可”等词语,它们还经常和句末的语气助词配合使用,以使感叹情 味更为突出。因此,本文探讨感叹句中这些具有感叹作用的副词,对于揭示感叹句的规律,无疑具有 重要的作用。此外,汉语中经常使用一些代词作为感叹句的语气标记,如“这、那、这么、那么、 什么”等,它们可以和名词性词语、形容词性词语以及少数动词性词语构成一些常用的感叹结构:第 一,这/那+名词性词语;第二,这么/那么+形容词性/动词性词语;第三,什么+名词性词语;这些 感叹结构各有不同的特点,笔者打算从句法结构、语义特征、语用等方面对它们进行初步的考察 Chinese often use some pronouns as Exclamatives tone markers, such as zhe Na zheme name Shenme , and they can be noun phrases, adjective and verb phrases constitute a minority of some commonly used exclamation structure, these exclamation structure have different features. The author intends to syntactic structure, semantic features and pragmatic aspects of a preliminary study on them. The adverb marked exclamatory sentence features: first, if the adverb in the exclamatory sentences, then the sentence is generally exclamation exclamatory center adjectives, state adjectives cannot be used in exclamatory sentence; second, adverb as a marker of exclamatory sentence semantics is expressed according to the speaker s subjective standard, objectivity weak. This kind of Exclamatives objective level is relatively low, the subjective color is very obvious, this type of exclamatory sentence is judged from the speaker s subjective standard, objective understanding and others are not consistent. The characteristics of exclamatory sentences marked by pronouns are as follows: first, when the Ni zhe and the noun predicate constitute an exclamatory sentence, the way of expressing feelings is negative. General ellipsis. Ni zhe after the addition of nominal predicate exclamatory sentences can only use the second person pronouns. But behind the plus noun predicate, second person or third person can use; second, Shenme hedeng zenme Zenyang duoshao interrogative pronouns in exclamatory sentences are used to represent the exclamatory mood, then you no longer have the pronoun itself with the interrogative mood.

한영-영한 구어 병렬 말뭉치에서 나타나는 한국어 감탄 표현의 양상 분석

한승희,신동혁 언어과학회 2024 언어과학연구 Vol.- No.108

. This study analyzes the use of exclamatory sentences in Korean and English texts, both original and translated, from parallel corpora. By examining natural exclamatory expressions in spoken language, it aims to identify patterns in translated texts, revealing complexities in cognitive processing. It challenges traditional grammatical classifications of exclamatory sentences, particularly regarding the frequent use of exclamation marks across different sentence types. This finding indicates that classifying exclamatory sentences solely based on grammatical endings is inadequate, emphasizing the need for a semantic and functional approach to understand better and categorize exclamatory expressions. This suggests a need for a semantic and functional approach to understanding and categorizing exclamatory expressions. The research provides new insights into exclamatory sentence usage, proposing new categorizations and serving as a valuable reference for future studies.