일부 산성 과일향 사탕의 치아 부식 가능성 평가

김아현,김영남,권호근,김백일 한국식물생명공학회 ( 구 한국식물조직배양학회 ) 2008 한국식물생명공학회 춘계학술연구발표회 Vol.32 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate erosive potential of commercial fruit flavored candies in vitro and in vivo using candy stimulated human saliva. Methods: Three kinds of commercial fruit flavored sour candies (pomegranate, plum, lemon) evaluated in this study. According to measurement of pH in vitro, candy solutions were prepared by dissolving 4 grams of candy powder in 20 ml of distilled water or artificial saliva. For in vivo evaluation, Saliva was collected from 12 healthy non-medicated volunteers. The candies were given in a randomized order and test persons were blinded as to which candy subjects were having. Collections of whole saliva lasted 19 minutes and were divided into four periods: 5 minutes; non-stimulated saliva, 4 minutes; candy-stimulated saliva, and 10 minutes; post-stimulated saliva which was divided into two steps. For evaluating erosive potential of each candy, 5 mg of pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder was added to 5 ml of candy-stimulated saliva. Then the pH was monitored for 5 minute at 15 seconds intervals under constant stirring. Immediately after dissolution of HAp, a back titration with acid (1 M HCl) was performed to estimate how much HAp was dissolved. Results: The pH of candies dissolved in distilled water and artificial saliva of in vitro evaluation were < 5.5. In terms of in vivo trial, pH of the candy-stimulated saliva of all samples was lower than pH of original non-stimulated. Each candy-stimulated saliva was dissociated HAp powder. Among them plum candy-stimulated saliva showed the highest solubility. Conclusion: In this study, fruit flavored acidic candies induced an erosive environment in the oral cavity during intake and those have erosive potential. Especially plum candy showed higher erosive potential than other candies.

Acceptance of BANCS model for predicting stream bank erosion potential and rate in the left bank of Ganga river of Diara region in Malda district, North East India

Samrat Majumdar,Mandal Sujit 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.1

River bank erosion is a hazardous problem of Malda district. Different parts of Malda are mainly eroded by hydraulic action of River Ganga. Bank assessment for non-point source consequences of sediment model is a well accepted process for predicting stream bank erosion hazard potential. In the present study, river bank stability condition has been measured form field survey on 15 sample segments for 185 km stretched from Rajmahal in Sahibganj district, Jharkhand to upstream of Farakka barrage in Malda. In the present study, bank erosion hazard index (BEHI), near bank stress (NBS) and field based data have been considered for assessing stream bank erosion. The result shows that BEHI is high along the whole given left bank line extension of river Ganga, among these BEHI is very high in the upper segments of the river and adjacent river bank line extension of Farakka barrage, overall NBS conditions along left river bank line are less compare to the BEHI. Dominant NBS conditions are belong under moderate to low along the river bank line. Loosely compact alluvial soil, sparse vegetation, steep slope, unorganized agricultural activities; sinuous channel can be responsible for river bank erosion hazard potentiality. On an average 976,068.991 metric tons of sediments entrains to the river in a year. Bank has experienced variants bank erosion from same BEHI and NBS combinations. So, it can be concluded that BEHI and NBS are potentially not significant model for predicting bank erosion in present study.

GIS와 원격탐사를 활용한 토양학 연구

홍석영(Suk-Young Hong),김이현(Yi-Hyun Kim),최은영(Eun-Young Choe),장용선(Yong-Seon Zhang),손연규(Yeon-Kyu Sonn),박찬원(Chan-Won Park),정강호(Kang-Ho Jung),현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun),하상건(Sang-Keun Ha),송관철(Kwan-Cheol Song) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Geographic information system (GIS) is being increasingly used for decision making, planning and agricultural environment management because of its analytical capacity. GIS and remote sensing have been combined with environmental models for many agricultural applications on monitoring of soils, agricultural water quality, microbial activity, vegetation and aquatic insect distribution. This paper introduce principles, vegetation indices, spatial data structure, spatial analysis of GIS and remote sensing in agricultural applications including terrain analysis, soil erosion, and runoff potential. National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) has a spatial database of agricultural soils, surface and underground water, weeds, aquatic insect, and climate data, and established a web-GIS system providing spatial and temporal variability of agricultural environment information since 2007. GIS-based interactive mapping system would encourage researchers and students to widely utilize spatial information on their studies with regard to agricultural and environmental problem solving combined with other national GIS database. GIS and remote sensing will play an important role to support and make decisions from a national level of conservation and protection to a farm level of management practice in the near future.

국내 시판 중인 일부 탄산수의 치아 침식 가능성 평가

김상겸 ( Sang Kyeom Kim ),박석우 ( Seok Woo Park ),강시묵 ( Si Mook Kang ),권호근 ( Ho Keun Kwon ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2015 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the erosive potential of several carbonated waters and to confirm the availability of a simple ISO protocol for screening the erosive potential of drinks. Methods: A total of six carbonated waters were tested. Three products (Lemon-Sparkling water, Seagram, and Trevi) were domestic, and the other three (Perrier, San Pellegrino, and Rosbacher) were imported. Two kinds of carbonated drinks (Coca-Cola and Sprite) were used as controls. The erosive potential of each drink was assessed by measuring the initial pH (pHI), the final pH after degassing of carbon dioxide (pHF), and the titratable acidity to pH 5.5 (TA5.5) and 7.0 (TA7.0). The pH changes (ΔpH) caused by the addition of drinks to screening solutions were calculated according to the ISO protocol for evaluating the erosive potential of oral rinses. Results: The overall erosive potential of the carbonated waters was lower than that of the control drinks. The pHI and pHF of the carbonated waters ranged from 3.94 to 5.84 and from 5.07 to 7.88, respectively. The Lemon-Sparkling water showed the highest erosive potential among the carbonated waters, having the lowest pH (3.94) and the highest TA5.5 (1.67 ml). The ΔpH of all tested drinks ranged from ―1.00 to 0.23. Also, the tendency of erosive potential measured by ΔpH was similar to that measured by TA5.5. Conclusions: The carbonated waters tested in this study had a lower erosive potential than did the carbonated drinks. However, the erosive potential of domestic products was higher than that of imported products. The results of the ISO screening test could reflect the influence of the acid content as well as the pH of drinks. Therefore, this protocol could also be conveniently applied to evaluate the erosive potential of various drinks.

국내 시판 중인 일부 과일 리큐어의 치아 부식능 평가

박석우(Seok-Woo Park),김상겸(Sang-Kyeom Kim),정은하(Eun-Ha Jung),권호근(Ho-Keun Kwon),김백일(Baek-Il Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2016 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.54 No.7

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the erosive potential of several fruit-flavored liquors marketed in Korea by measuring pH, titratable acidity, and variations in pH utilizing an ISO method. Materials and Methods: Six fruit-flavored liquors were investigated. An orange juice and three kinds of soju were selected as the control beverage. The pH and titratable acidity of the beverages were determined by 1 M NaOH until the pH 5.5 and 7.0 (recorded as TA5.5 and TA7.0, respectively). All measurements were performed in triplicate. The process of ISO 28888 was used for measurement of the pH variation (ΔpH) using an under-saturated hydroxyapatite solution (screening solution) and determining the difference between the initial and final pH of the screening solution. The average ΔpH was determined based on 4 measurements. Results: All the fruit-flavored liquors tested in this study showed a ΔpH lower than the critical pH for dental erosion (4.5). The average pH of the fruit-flavored liquors was 2.77 and was also lower than the pH of the soju and an orange juice (control drinks). TA5.5 and TA7.0 values of the fruit-flavored liquors were 4.92㎖ and 7.13㎖, respectively. The fruit-flavored liquors showed an erosive potential capable of damaging the enamel surfaces, whereas the orange juice had the highest titratable acidity. The changes in pH determined using the screening solution confirmed that the fruit-flavored liquors had erosive potential, with ΔpH value of 1.53. Conclusions: The fruit-flavored liquors tested in this study might have a strong potential to erode dental hard tissues.

일부 산성 과일향 사탕의 치아 부식 가능성 평가

김아현 ( Ah Hyeon Kim ),김영남 ( Young Nam Kim ),권호근 ( Ho Keun Kwon ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2008 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Erosive potential of acidic candies in vitro and in vivo

김아현 ( Ah Hyun Kim ),권호근 ( Ho Keun Kwon ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ) 대한구강보건학회 2007 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.31 No.-

Are Vitamin Beverages Good for Dental Health?

( A-reum Kang ),( Su-hee Park ),( Jung-woong Woo ),( Da-jung Hong ),( Kyu-ri Kim ),( Chi-yeong Sung ),( Ji-yeon Woo ),( Ju-hui Jeong ),( Eun-ha Jung ) 한국치위생과학회 2020 치위생과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Background: Although the consumption of vitamin beverages has increased because of the recent interest in health and beauty, guidelines addressing appropriate consumption habits are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the erosive potential of several vitamin beverages and to propose guidelines for the appropriate intake of these drinks. Methods: Five vitamin beverages were selected after a pre-investigation of the current beverage market. Coca-Cola and mineral water were selected as the control beverages. The pH of the beverages was measured with a calibrated pH meter, and the titratable acidity (TA) was determined by using 1 M sodium hydroxide to reach pH 5.5 (TA5.5) and 7.0 (TA7.0). The screening method suggested by the International Organization for Standardization was used to measure pH variation (△pH) by using an under-saturated hydroxyapatite solution to determine the difference between the initial and final pH of the screening solution. All measurements were performed in triplicate. Results: All vitamin beverages tested in this study exhibited a low pH (2.53∼2.99), similar to Coca-Cola, which is known to be a highly acidic beverage. The highest TA5.5 and TA7.0 values of the vitamin beverages were 7.03 ml and 8.81 ml, respectively. The largest change in pH determined by using the screening solution was found in Bacchus D (△pH 1.44±0.05). The mean △pH of the vitamin beverages was 1.12±0.29, which was higher than that of Coca-Cola (positive control, △pH 0.58±0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin beverages exhibited an erosive potential capable of damaging enamel surfaces. Therefore, the frequency of vitamin beverage intake should be limited, and individuals consuming these drinks should try to restore normal oral pH as quickly as possible.

Analysis of Temporal Change in Soil Erosion Potential at Haean-myeon Watershed Due to Climate Change

Wondae Lee,Chunhwa Jang,Donghyuk Kum,Younghun Jung,Hyunwoo Kang,Jae E Yang,Kyoung Jae Lim,Youn Shik Park 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Climate change has been social and environmental issues, it typically indicates the trend changes of not only temperature but also rainfall. There is a need to consider climate changes in a long-term soil erosion estimation since soil loss in a watershed can be varied by the changes of rainfall intensity and frequency of torrential rainfall. The impacts of rainfall trend changes on soil loss, one of climate changes, were estimated using Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) employing L module with current climate scenario and future climate scenario collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration. A 62 km² watershed was selected to explore the climate changes on soil loss. SATEEC provided an increasing trend of soil loss with the climate change scenarios, which were 182 ton/ha/year in 2010s, 169 ton/ha/year in 2020s, 192 ton/ha/year in 2030s,182 ton/ha/year in 2040s, and 218 ton/ha/year in 2050s. Moreover, it was found that approximately 90% of agricultural area in the watershed displayed the soil loss of 50 ton/ha/year which is exceeding the allow able soil loss regulation by the Ministry of Environment.

Analysis of Temporal Change in Soil Erosion Potential at Haean-myeon Watershed Due to Climate Change

Lee, Wondae,Jang, Chunhwa,Kum, Donghyuk,Jung, Younghun,Kang, Hyunwoo,Yang, Jae E.,Lim, Kyoung Jae,Park, Youn Shik 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Climate change has been social and environmental issues, it typically indicates the trend changes of not only temperature but also rainfall. There is a need to consider climate changes in a long-term soil erosion estimation since soil loss in a watershed can be varied by the changes of rainfall intensity and frequency of torrential rainfall. The impacts of rainfall trend changes on soil loss, one of climate changes, were estimated using Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) employing L module with current climate scenario and future climate scenario collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration. A 62 $km^2$ watershed was selected to explore the climate changes on soil loss. SATEEC provided an increasing trend of soil loss with the climate change scenarios, which were 182 ton/ha/year in 2010s, 169 ton/ha/year in 2020s, 192 ton/ha/year in 2030s,182 ton/ha/year in 2040s, and 218 ton/ha/year in 2050s. Moreover, it was found that approximately 90% of agricultural area in the watershed displayed the soil loss of 50 ton/ha/year which is exceeding the allow able soil loss regulation by the Ministry of Environment.