공 컨테이너 리포지셔닝 사이트 개발에 대한 연구

배석태 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.22 No.9

As the container market is expected to continue to increase, the volume of containers will increase, and the volume of empty containers will be proportional to this. Imbalances between imports and exports in each country have emerged, and the issue of collection and storage of empty containers is becoming more and more important, and it is necessary to appropriately deal with container demand for container presents. Therefore, in this paper, we are trying to develop a website that provides various empty container information and provides empty container leasing services based on this information. Through the development of these empty container websites, we would like to make empty container leasing and operations more efficient, improve empty container-related services and reduce costs.

공컨테이너 공유플랫폼에서 수요-공급 매칭을 위한 알고리즘 연구

공인택,하민호,민윤홍 한국로지스틱스학회 2022 로지스틱스연구 Vol.30 No.4

Empty container management has been a problem of containerized trade due to the imbalance between export and import. Recently, a platform, called container-xchange.com, was launched to share empty containers between suppliers and consumers. The suppliers, who have empty containers not used in a certain period of times, register their empty containers with the specified rental period and the number of empty containers. Similarly, the consumers, who want to use empty containers, also register the period and the quantities of empty containers. Instead of searching counterparts in the platform, we consider the problem of finding a matching of suppliers and consumers such that the number of the matched pairs is maximized. This problem can be modeled as an interval scheduling problem in which suppliers and consumers correspond to machines and jobs, respectively which have their own intervals of availability. In addition, hierarchies are also assigned to both machines and jobs and the assignment of jobs to machines is possible only if their hierarchies are compatible. Due to the computational intractability of the problem, we propose a heuristic and the performance of the heuristic is verified through numerical experiments. We found that the heuristic provides the feasible solutions faster than the off-shelf branch-and-bound method. The degradation of the quality of the solutions compared with the optimal solutions was less than 5% on average.

Optimizing Empty Container Repositioning at a Global Maritime Company

최성훈,김화중,김광태 대한산업공학회 2011 산업공학 Vol.24 No.2

H maritime company in Korea had a long history of difficulty in obtaining enough empty containers to transport its commodities. Despite efforts to resolve the problem, the repositioning of empty containers between depots was still planned manually, which consumed much worker time. To automate the generation of reposition plans, we developed a planning system to optimize the company's reposition of empty containers between global depots with a linear programming model functioning as a key decision engine in the system. The model determines the route, volume and mode of transportation for repositioning empty containers from depots with surplus containers to those requiring containers, as well as the empty space of ships generated from the unloading or loading of full and empty containers. The system has been in operation in the company's global network since March 2008.

Forecasting Empty Container Volumes

Raphael Diaz,Wayne TALLEY,Mandar Tupule 한국해운물류학회 2011 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.27 No.2

The accumulation and repositioning of empty containers have become acute problems for container ports and are expected to intensify in the future given the expected growth in trade imbalances among trading nations. These problems are major costs and operational challenges for container ports. More accurate forecasting of volumes of port empty containers will enable container ports to develop more cost efficient plans for the repositioning of empty containers. This paper compares the Tioga Group, United Nations and Winters method (utilizing empty container volumes of three U.S. container ports) in forecasting volumes of port empty containers. The Winters method is found to provide more accurate forecasts of volumes of port empty containers than the Tioga Group and United Nations methods.

Empty Container Repositioning with Stochastic Demand/Supply and Transportation Capacity

Zong Bin Qui,문일경 한국SCM학회 2008 한국SCM학회지 Vol.8 No.1

We study the empty container repositioning problem for a shipping company in this paper. We develop a mathematical model with stochastic parameters. The model seeks to minimize the total costs of repositioning, leasing, and inventory holding of empty containers, subject to meeting the requirements for empty containers. We consider that the demand/supply for empty containers consists of two parts; one is deterministic and the other is stochastic. We also consider the transportation capacity of ships used for the transportation of empty containers as a stochastic factor. In order to solve the model, Chance-Constrained Programming is applied. The developed model can be an effective decision support for a shipping company.

Optimizing Empty Container Repositioning at a Global Maritime Company

Seong-Hoon Choi,Hwa-Joong Kim,Kwang-Tae Kim 대한산업공학회 2011 산업공학 Vol.24 No.2

H maritime company in Korea had a long history of difficulty in obtaining enough empty containers to transport its commodities. Despite efforts to resolve the problem, the repositioning of empty containers between depots was still planned manually, which consumed much worker time. To automate the generation of reposition plans, we developed a planning system to optimize the company's reposition of empty containers between global depots with a linear programming model functioning as a key decision engine in the system. The model determines the route, volume and mode of transportation for repositioning empty containers from depots with surplus containers to those requiring containers, as well as the empty space of ships generated from the unloading or loading of full and empty containers. The system has been in operation in the company's global network since March 2008.

적하작업을 위한 공 컨테이너 기대 재취급 횟수 추정

이훈,김갑환 한국항해항만학회 2019 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.43 No.3

This paper assessed the impacts of the specification of the yard, handling equipment, and operation approaches on the expected number of re-handles during the loading operation for empty containers. When the various types of empty containers from multiple shipping liners are placed in separate spaces from each other, then the storage space cannot be fully utilized. So as to increase the utilization of the storage space, empty containers from multiple vessel liners are stored together incurring additional re-handles during the loading operation. Several formulas are derived for the estimation of the expected number of handles, including re-handles, for empty container retrieval from a bay. Transfer cranes and top handlers are utilized as handling equipment and various retrieval strategies are examined. Numerical analysis was conducted to assess the effects of various designs and operational parameters of the container stacking yard on the expected number of handles. 공 컨테이너 장치장의 사양, 취급 장비, 운영방법이 공 컨테이너 적하 시 발생할 수 있는 재취급 기대횟수에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 다수 선사의 다양한 유형의 공 컨테이너를 서로 분리된 공간에 저장한다면 저장 공간을 충분히 활용할 수 없고, 저장 공간의 활용도를 높이기 위해 여러 선사의 공 컨테이너를 혼적하여 함께 저장한다면 적하작업 중에 추가로 재취급이 발생할 수 있다. 한 베이에서 적하작업을 위하여 공 컨테이너를 인출하는 시점에 기대되는 재취급 횟수를 계산하기 위해 필요한 여러 가지 수식을 유도하였다. 트랜스퍼 크레인과 탑 핸들러를 취급 장비로 간주하여 다양한 인출 전략을 검토하였다. 장치장의 다양한 설계 및 운영 매개 변수가 재취급 횟수에 미치는 효과를 확인할 목적으로 수치실험을 수행하였다.

Bass Model 기반의 접이식 컨테이너 수요 예측

김학성,하헌구 한국물류과학기술학회 2020 물류과학기술연구 Vol.1 No.1

Trade imbalance among the nations or regions has been deepening as a result of economic globalization. This trade imbalance causes another imbalance, in the area of container supply and demand. That is, Asian countries including China suffer a shortage of containers for shipping their products, while the United States or EU countries have a surplus of empty containers after unloading the freight. To deal with this problem, over-supplied empty containers are moved to the locations where containers are needed, yet this is an inefficient solution to the problem. In an effort to resolve this inefficiency, many countries are preparing to develop and introduce foldable containers, which can be transported and stored in a bundle by folding 3 or 4 empty containers together, significantly enhancing the transport and storage efficiency of empty containers. However, the foldable container is still in its early stage, with test products produced or introduced to the market in Europe and the United States. In this paper, we studied demand forecasting for the foldable containers with Bass model which is based on the diffusion theory. For this purpose, the parameters of the Bass model were estimated, and the forecasting model of the foldable container demand was constructed and evaluated.

MLP를 이용한 공컨테이너 수요예측

김동윤 ( Dongyun Kim ),방선호 ( Sunho Bang ),장지영 ( Jiyoung Jang ),신광섭 ( Kwangsup Shin ) (사)한국빅데이터학회 2021 한국빅데이터학회 학회지 Vol.6 No.2

COVID-19의 대유행은 컨테이너를 사용하는 국가 간 수출입 물동량 불균형을 더욱 악화시켰으며, 이는 공컨테이너 수급의 문제까지 이어지게 되었다. 적정 수요만큼의 공컨테이너 확보는 안정적이고 효율적인 항만 운영을 위해 필수적인 요소이다. 지금까지 여러 기법을 사용한 공컨테이너 수요예측 방안이 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 항만 및 선사에서 직접 활용 가능한 수요예측 보다는 월 혹은 연 단위의 장기적인 예측에 머루르고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 실제 인공신경망을 이용한 일별, 주별 단위 예측 방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 머신러닝 기법 중 다층 퍼셉트론과 회귀분석을 활용하여 수요예측을 진행하였으며, 데이터 부족 문제를 해결하기 위해 적컨테이너와 공컨테이너의 입항 후 다시 항만으로 유입되는 과정을 기반으로 데이터를 재가공하였다. 이를 통해, 정확도가 매우 높지는 않지만, 현장에서는 활용 가능한 일별 및 주별 수요 예측 모델을 개발할 수 있었다. The pandemic of COVID-19 further promoted the imbalance in the volume of imports and exports among countries using containers, which worsened the shortage of empty containers. Since it is important to secure as many empty containers as the appropriate demand for stable and efficient port operation, measures to predict demand for empty containers using various techniques have been studied so far. However, it was based on long-term forecasts on a monthly or annual basis rather than demand forecasts that could be used directly by ports and shipping companies. In this study, a daily and weekly prediction method using an actual artificial neural network is presented. In details, the demand forecasting model has been developed using multi-layer perceptron and multiple linear regression model. In order to overcome the limitation from the lack of data, it was manipulated considering the business process between the loaded container and empty container, which the fully-loaded container is converted to the empty container. From the result of numerical experiment, it has been developed the practically applicable forecasting model, even though it could not show the perfect accuracy.

공컨테이너 공유플랫폼 제공자-사용자간 매칭 우선순위 선정에 관한 연구

이황재 ( Lee Hwang-jai ),하민호 ( Ha Min-ho ),민윤홍 ( Min Yun-hong ),공인택 ( Gong In-taek ),신광섭 ( Shin Kwang-sup ) 한국물류학회 2020 물류학회지 Vol.30 No.6

본 연구는 공컨테이너의 공유 플랫폼에서 공컨테이너의 제공자와 사용자 사이의 매칭 시 영향을 미치는 요인들과 이들의 우선 순위를 평가한다. 국적선사와 외국적선사의 실무진을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 공컨테이너의 임대 및 임차 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인 7가지를 도출하였고, 설문조사 결과를 AHP 기법으로 분석하여 요인 간 상대적 중요도를 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 공컨테이너 임대를 위한 부가 업무 혹은 업무의 편의성을 높일 수 있는 요인들이 임대비용보다 더 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다. 이는 임대료와 컨테이너의 규격은 이미 그 범위와 조건에 대해서 선사/리스사/화주사 모두 인지하여 암묵적 합의가 이루어져 있기 때문에 실무진에게는 화물을 적재하고 운송 후 반납하는 데 따르는 부가 업무와 비용 요소들이 더 중요하다는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 향후 플랫폼의 구축과 매칭 서비스를 구현하는 데 필요한 평가 기준으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. In this study, it has selected critical factors and evaluated their priorities for matching providers and users of the empty-container sharing platform. Seven factors were derived through literature review and previous business practices. It has been finally confirmed by domain experts through consecutive on-site and online interviews. The relative importance of the selected critical factors was calculated by AHP approach based on the survey from domestic and international shipping companies. The results of the analysis suggest that it is very important factor which can determine the efficiency of leasing or sharing empty containers. In addition, it seems more important than cost factors to remove the additional tasks or increase the convenience of the process to share empty containers. This can be interpreted that the boundary of rental cost corresponding with the specifications is generally known among all participants (i.e. shipping companies, lease companies, and shippers) of empty container sharing business. The result shows that these factors did not have the top priority. It may be possible to establish the sequence of matching providers and users of empty containers considering each participant’s preference while designing the process and rules of the empty container sharing platform.