증류식 소주 증류증 유기산에 의한 에스테르화

류이하,김영만 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

증류주에서 중요한 향미 물질인 에스테르 생성과정을 알아보기 위하여 발효완료 술덧에 알코올과 함께 존재하는 초산, 젖산, 구연산 같은 유기산의 종류별, pH별, 증류 온도별로 에스테르 생성 과정을 실험하였다. 유기산의 종류별 실험에서 생성 에스테르량은 ethyl acetate가 기주에 비해 최고 2,890%, ethyl lactate가 최고 6,410% 및 iso-amyl acetate가 최고 52% 증가하였다. 에스테르화시 pH는 중요한 요인이며, 초산첨가 에스테르화 증류액의 ethyl acetate의 경우 pH 3.0이 pH 4.5보다 1,092% 증가하였다. 에스테르화 증류온도는 초산첨가 에스테르화 가압 (약 1.9 기압) 증류액은 상압 (1기압) 증류액보다 ethyl acetate 생성은 18% 증가하였고, iso amyl acetate 생성은 24% 감소하였고, 젖산 첨가 에스테르화 가압 증류액은 상압 증류액보다 ethyl-lactate 생성이 33% 증가하였다. 에스테르화 증류시간은 pH 3.0에서는 ethyl acetate 생성은 반응시간 240분으로 충분하고, ethyl lactate 생성은 30분 이상 긴 반응 시간이 필요하였다. 결론적으로 증류주 제조에 있어서 2차 증류시 1차 증류액에 유기산을 첨가하여 증류하면 에스테르량이 증가한 2차 증류액을 얻을 수 있었다. The esterification of alcohols with acetic acid, lactic acid and citric acid was carried out in batch during the second distillation. Effect of various parameters, e.g. pH of reactant base spirit, temperature of distillation, time of distillation were studied. The parameter of distillation temperature was modified by atmospheric distillation and pressure distillation. The pressure (1.9 atm.) distillation was used in order to react and distill at high temperature. Compared with the base spirit concentration, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate and iso-amyl acetate in esterification distillate increased by 2,890%, 6,410% and 52% , respectively. Major factors of the esterification with organic acids in distilled spirit making were molecular weight of the organic acid and pH of reactant base spirit.

Vapor permeation-distillation hybrid processes for cost-effective isopropanol dehydration: modeling, simulation and optimization

Harvianto, G.R.,Ahmad, F.,Nhien, L.C.,Lee, M. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Journal of membrane science Vol.497 No.-

This study reports the advantages of a cost-effective unit process using a hybrid distillation and vapor permeation unit for isopropanol dehydration. The feasibility of numerous hybrid membrane distillation schemes for isopropanol dehydration was evaluated by simulation and optimization in Aspen Plus. A built-in model for a membrane separation system was proposed by developing a mathematical model in an Aspen Custom Modeler and integrating it simultaneously with an Aspen Plus. The output results of the rigorous membrane models were consistent with the experimental data from the literature. The influence of the decisive operational parameters, which will be used as an optimization variable to examine the different configurations of hybrid systems, was analyzed. Furthermore, this study also employed the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the economical calculation and find the best design for the desired product. The RSM optimization effectively connected the interception of the optimizing variables and its predictions agreed well with the results of rigorous simulations. The most significant savings in the total costs could be achieved by applying a distillation-vapor permeation configuration (approximately 77% compared to azeotropic distillation). Therefore, it is economically beneficial to employ distillation-vapor permeation over the previously proposed hybrid systems of the distillation-pervaporation and distillation-pervaporation-distillation.

Hybrid reactive distillation systems for n-butyl acetate production from dilute acetic acid

Amornchai Arpornwichanop,Kittipong Koomsup,Suttichai Assabumrungrat 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.6

The recovery of dilute acetic acid, regarding as a waste stream in many chemical and petrochemical processes, becomes an important issue due to economic and environmental awareness. In this work, a simulation study on the direct utilization of dilute acetic acid to produce n-butyl acetate via esterification with butanol in a reactive distillation is presented by using Aspen Plus. The performance of a hybrid reactive distillation with a pretreatment unit, i.e., a conventional distillation or a pervaporation, is investigated. For a single reactive distillation system, it is found that higher overall energy of the system is required when the concentration of acetic acid is lowered. By considering the enrichment of acetic acid in the reactive distillation column feed from 35 to 65 wt.%, a hybrid pervaporation–reactive distillation requires lower energy than both the conventional distillation–reactive distillation system and the single reactive distillation.

동증류기를 이용한 과실증류주의 품질 특성

조호철(Ho-Cheol Cho),강순아(Soon Ah Kang),최성인(Sung-Inn Choi),정철(Chul Cheong) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.5

과실을 이용한 증류주 개발에 있어서 국내에서 생산량이 많고 과잉생산으로 인한 잉여과실 발생빈도가 높은 사과와 감귤을 선정하였으며, 외국에서 증류주 제조에 많이 사용하고 국내에 많이 자생하는 마가목 열매를 원료로 선정하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 각 원료의 발효특성에 따라 맞춤형 효모를 선정하였고, 선정된 효모를 이용하여 발효한 술덧을 동재질의 상압다단식증류기와 스테인리스 재질의 상압단식 증류기 및 감압단식증류기 등으로 각각 증류한 증류주의 주요 향기성분과 증류효율 등을 비교 평가하였다. 또한 상기 증류주의 품질평가를 위해 4개월 숙성 후 관능평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과 사과와 감귤의 경우 원료 사용비율에 관계없이 발효가 원활히 진행되었으나 마가목 열매의 경우 원료 사용비율이 10 w/v% 이상일 경우 발효가 되지 않거나 미미하였으며, 사용비율이 8 w/v% 이하일 때에는 원활한 발효가 진행되었다. 원료별, 증류방식별로 초류, 본류, 후류로 나누어 증류한 증류주의 증류효율을 검토한 결과 과실 원료 차이에 따른 증류주의 수율 차이는 적었지만, 증류효율 면에서는 상압다단식 증류기, 상압단식, 감압단식 순으로 높게 나타났다. 과실증류주의 주요 향기성분 분석결과 증류방식별 다소의 차이를 나타내었으나 모든 원료에서 동재질의 상압다단식증류 방식에 의해 제조된 시제품이 스테인리스 재질의 상압단식 및 감압단식방식에 의해 제조된 증류주에 비해 아로마가 풍부한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 사용된 원료에 관계없이 증류수율, 작업능률 및 품질측면에서 동재질의 상압다단식증류방식이 스테인리스 재질의 단식 또는 감압증류방식보다는 증류주제조에 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 쌀을 이용한 증류주 제조에만 국한되어 있는 국내 증류주시장을 고려하면 과실을 이용한 유럽스타일의 증류주 제조, 특히 마가목 열매를 이용한 과실증류주 상품화 기술은 향후 FTA 시대를 맞아 시장 다변화 및 우리술 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 것으로 보인다. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of spirits derived from fruit using copper distillation equipment. First, optimal yeast strains were chosen through a fermentation test on raw materials (apples, mandarins and rowanberries). The normal fermentation condition for rowanberries observed at a rowanberry concentration of 8% during mashing included chaptalization with sugar to increase the alcohol content. During the mashing, fruits were fermented and distilled through one of three different types of distillation apparatuses (pot distiller, vacuum distiller, or multistage distiller made of copper). The results revealed that the type of apparatus used affects the content of alcohol and flavor components. The distilled spirits prepared through a copper multistage distiller had a much higher tendency to retain components of fruit aromas such as ethyl acetate and provided higher yields than spirits prepared with a pot distiller or vacuum distiller. Thus, the copper multistage distiller apparatus can be applied to positively influence the taste and flavor of fruit distilled spirits by enhancing fruit aromas, removing impurities such as sulfur components and enhancing yields.

How to select the optimal membrane distillation system for industrial applications

Cassard, Hannah M.,Park, Hyung Gyu Elsevier 2018 Journal of membrane science Vol.565 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Despite increasing academic interest in membrane distillation systems, industry adoption of the technology remains low. We propose a simple yet comprehensive method for selecting the optimal membrane distillation design for any industrial process. This flexible, system level analysis procedure yields a holistic view of the technology, which could help identify promising industries for commercial MD systems. The method consists of comparing membrane distillation designs on the basis of their total water production cost. Membrane distillation configuration, module type, heat exchange arrangement, operating conditions, and membrane properties all influence the total cost of the system. To illustrate our methodology, we apply the analysis procedure to a case study, optimizing the MD system design for an MD unit coupled to a condenser of a steam power plant. The total water production cost for the optimized system is $2.11 per cubic meter of permeate with current commercial membranes or $1.58/m<SUP>3</SUP> with improved membrane material.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> System-level analysis is required to increase industrial adoption of membrane distillation. </LI> <LI> An economics based method for selection of an optimal membrane distillation system is developed. </LI> <LI> Material properties, module design, and operating conditions affect the total cost. </LI> <LI> Coupled to the condenser of a steam power plant, lowest cost is $1.58/m3 permeate. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

추출 열 통합 증류계의 설계 및 최적화

조훈 ( Hoon Cho ),우대식 ( Dae Sik Woo ),최유미 ( Yu Mi Choi ),한명완 ( Myung Wan Han ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.2

In this study, thermally coupled distillation system and conventional two-column process were investigated for extractive distillation. The two processes were simulated and optimized using Aspen plus. Objective function for the optimization was energy consumption and optimization results to reduce energy consumption were used to get guidelines for design and operation for the two extractive distillation processes. Comparison of these two processes showed that thermally coupled distillation system provided better energy efficiency and lower capital cost than conventional distillation system.

Recovery of the Actinide Metals by Distillation of Cadmium-metal Ingot

( Jiyong Kim ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2011 공학기술논문지 Vol.4 No.3

In this study recovery method of actinides in waste generated from pyroprocessing was carried out using cadmium distillation process. Thermodynamic data were collected for the development of the cadmium distillation process, and a lab-scale vertical cadmium distiller was manufactured and analysed. The distillation behavior of cadmium was investigated through distillation experiments. The evaporation rate and prognosis of evaporation loss were calculated using a Hertz-Langmuir equation based on the kinetic theory of gases. The theoretical values of the evaporation rate calculated from the Hertz-Langmuir equation were higher than the experimental values. Uranium-cadmium alloy was fabricated in an LCC electrowinner, and the distillation behavior of alloy was investigated. Cadmium was effectively separated from uranium. The evaporation rate of cadmium in the alloy was lower than that of pure cadmium metal. A numerical heat transfer analysis was carried out to design engineering-scale distiller. The values of temperature gained from the simulation could be considered for the operating condition of the engineering-scale cadmium distiller.

바이오 에탄올 생산을 위한 Membrane-Aided Distillation에 의한 물-에탄올 분리공정에 관한 연구

정헌(Heon Jung),최용석(Young-Seok Choi),양대륙(Dae Rook Yang),주오심(Oh-Shim Joo),정광덕(Kwang-Deog Jung) 한국청정기술학회 2008 청정기술 Vol.14 No.2

Knowledge Transfer Based Spatial Embedding Network for Plant Leaf Instance Segmentation

Joo-Yeon Jung,Sang-Ho Lee,Jong-Ok Kim 대한전자공학회 2023 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.12 No.2

This paper proposes a method to segment plant leaves using knowledge distillation. Unlike the existing knowledge distillation method aimed at lightening the model, we use knowledge distillation to achieve good performance even with a small amount of dataset. Plants have many leaves, and each leaf is very small. Therefore, the leaf instance segmentation is performed based on spatial embedding. The teacher network is trained with a large dataset and then distills its segmentation knowledge into the student network. Two types of knowledge are distilled from the teacher network: attention distillation and region affinity distillation. The results of the experiment demonstrate that better instance segmentation can be achieved when knowledge distillation is used.

Development of 3th Effects Evaporative desalination system for Solar Desalination System

황인선(Hwang, In-Seon),주홍진(Joo, Hong-Jin),윤응상(Yun, Eung-Sang),곽희열(Kwak, Hee-Youl) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06

The evaporative desalination system with solar energy would be the efficient and attractive method to get fresh water. This study was described the development of Multi Effect Distillation(MED) with solar energy desalination system. The system was designed and manufactured Multi effect distillation on the capacity of 3m³/day. The experimental apparatus consists mainly of ejector pump, Hot water pump, flow meter, demister, cooler, evaporator and condenser. Evaporator and condenser were made Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger type with corrugated tube. The experimental variables were chosen 75?C for hot water inlet temperature, 40, 60 and 80{ell}/min for hot water inlet volume flow rate, 6.0 and 8.0{ell}/min for evaporator feed seawater flow rate, 18?C for sea water inlet temperature to cover the average sea water temperature and the salinity of sea water is measured about 33,000 PPM (parts per million). for a year in Korea. This study was analyzed the results of thermal performance of Multi Effect Distillation. The results are as follows, The experimental Multi effect distillation is required about 40 kW heat source for production of 3m³/day fresh water. Various operating flow rate was confirm in the experiments to get the optimum design data and the results showed that the optimum total flow was 8.0{ell}/min. Comparison of Single Effect Distillation with Multi Effect Distillation showed MED is at least more than double of SED.