Effect of Cutting Interval and Cutting Height on Yield and Chemical Composition of Hedge Lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus)

Suksombat, Wisitiporn,Buakeeree, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting interval and cutting height on the yield and nutrient composition of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) when grown on a sandy soil in the Northeast of Thailand. The cutting intervals compared were 30, 40 and 50 days between harvests and the cutting heights 30, 40 and 50 cm above ground level. The experiment was a $3{\times}3$ factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications-giving a total of 36 plots each $3{\times}3m^2$. Harvested plant material was weighed, dried and the ground subsamples taken for analyses of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). At the last harvest the hedge lucerne samples were separated to determine leaf to stem ratios and then analyzed for nutrient composition in the leaf and stem. Results showed that increasing the cutting interval (i.e. advancing age of maturity) increased dry matter and nutrient yields significantly. In terms of nutrient content, it also increased the crude fiber, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract percent in the plant. However, crude protein percent was markedly decreased as the cutting interval increased. Increasing cutting height had no effect on dry matter yield and yields of nutrients, but in terms of nutrient content, it increased crude protein and ash content, but decreased crude fiber content. The percent EE and NFE in the plant was unaffected by cutting height. From the results presented it is clear that cutting a stand of hedge lucerne every 40 to 50 days will achieve greater dry matter and nutrient yields than cutting more frequently, at 30 days. The cutting height at harvest, whether 30, 40 or 50 cm above ground level had no effect on dry matter or nutrient yields of hedge Lucerne. Hedge lucerne therefore offers the Thai poultry farmer a useful alternative protein supplement for poultry diets rather than relying on the more expensive soybean meal. As it can be readily and successfully grown on a range of soil types and climates throughout Thailand, hedge lucerne also offers the Thai farmer a valuable additional source of income.

Effects of Different Cutting Height on Nutritional Quality of Whole Crop Barley Silage and Feed Value on Hanwoo Heifers

Kim, Dong Hyeon,Amanullah, Sardar M.,Lee, Hyuk Jun,Joo, Young Ho,Han, Ouk Kyu,Adesogan, Adegbola T.,Kim, Sam Churl Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.9

The present study evaluated the effects of different cutting height on nutritive value, fermentation quality, in vitro and in vivo digestibility of whole crop barley silage. Whole crop barley forage (Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at height of 5, 10, and 15 cm from the ground level. Each cutting height was rolled to make round bale and ensiled for 100 days. After 100 days of ensiling, pH of silage was lower (p<0.05) in 5 cm, but no difference between 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. The content of lactate and lactate to acetate ratio were increased (p<0.05) in 5 cm of cutting height, whereas the acetate content was higher (p<0.05) in 10 and 15 cm than that of 5 cm cutting height. Aerobic stability was greater (p<0.05) in silages of 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were formulated with silages from the three different cutting heights (TMR5, TMR10, and TMR15) incorporated as forage at 70:30 ratio with concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR5 and TMR10 than that in TMR15, whereas in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR10 and TMR15 than that in TMR5. Concentration of $NH_3-N$ was highest (p<0.05) in the TMR10 followed by TMR15 and TMR5. Total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.05) with increased cutting height. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber were highest (p<0.05) in TMR15, than those in TMR5 and TMR10, whereas acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in TMR5 than that in TMR10. The results showed that increasing cutting height, at least up to 10 to 15 cm, of whole crop barley forage at harvest (Yuyeon) may be beneficial for making silage for TMR formulation and increasing digestibility of DM and NDF.

Effects of L. plantarum Application on Chemical Composition, Fermentation Indices and Fatty Acid Profiles of Barley Silage

Dong-Hyeon Kim,Sardar M. Amanullah,Hyuk-Jun Lee,Young-Ho Joo,Hee Yun,Seong-Shin Lee,Young-Min Song,Hoi-Yun Kim,Sam-Churl Kim 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.5

This study was conducted to know effects of forage cutting height and inoculants application on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profile of barley silage. Barley forage(Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at two different cutting heights(5 vs. 15cm) and applied with or without Lactobacillus plantarum, and ensiled for 0, 2, 7, 28, 49 and 100days. On 0 to 49-d of ensiling, higher cutting height resulted rapid drop (p<0.05) in pH caused by higher lactate content. Crude protein (p<0.01) content of 100-d silage was decreased by inoculation, but increased by higher cutting height. However, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were decreased (p<0.05) by both inoculation and cutting height. In vitro dry matter digestibility was improved by higher cutting height (p=0.01), while yeast and mold counts were reduced (p<0.0001). The C18:3n-3 content in barley silage was decreased (p=0.001) by inoculation, but increased (p=0.034) by higher cutting height. The DNA analysis indicated L. plantarum dominating fermentation in inoculated silages. The results showed that higher cutting height can improve silage quality in terms of increasing crude protein content and digestibility as well as reducing yeast and mold counts in barley silage.

예취높이에 따른 사료맥류의 조사료 생산성과 사료가치 및 경제성

송태화,서재환,윤성근,박기훈,한옥규,박태일 한국국제농업개발학회 2009 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

이 연구는 사료맥류의 기계화 수확작업 시 발생하는 식물체 의 예취 높낮이가 조사료 생산성 및 품질에 어떠한 영향을 주 는지를 검토하기 위하여 수확적기에 도달한 청보리, 귀리, 트 리티케일, 총체밀를 각각 5 cm, 10 cm 및 20 cm 높이로 예취 하여 예취높이에 따른 조사료 수량, 사료가치 및 경제성을 분 석하였다. 생초와 건물수량 및 TDN 수량은 20 cm에 비해 5cm와 10cm로 예취하였을 때 현저하게 높게 나타났으며 (P<0.05), 조단백질, NDF, ADF 함량과 DMD은 예취높이의 영향을 받지 않았다. 상대적 사료가치(RFV)는 영양보리와 유 연보리가 예취높이에 상관없이 비슷한 값을 나타냈고, 귀리는 예취높이가 20 cm일 때 가장 높은 값을 나타냈는데 반해 (P<0.05), 트리티케일과 밀은 예취높이가 20 cm일 때 가장 낮 은 값을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 예취 높이에 따른 손익을 분석한 결과 사료맥류의 예취 높이를 5~10 cm 수준으로 유지하면 20 cm로 하였을 때보다 7~25%까지 소득증가 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. This study was carried out to examine the effect of cutting height on the forage yield and quality. Winter forage crops, including barley, oat, triticale and wheat, were cut at 5, 10 and 20cm from the ground, and their forage yield, feed value and economic value were evaluated. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield of the forage crops at 5 cm and 10 cm cutting height were significantly higher than those at 20 cm cutting height. However, crude protein, NDF, ADF and DMD of the forage crops were not shown to be affected by the different cutting height. Relative feed value (RFV) of barely (Youngyang and Yuyeon) was similar regardless of their cutting height. At the level of 20 cm cutting height, RFV was the highest in oat, but the lowest in both wheat (Kumkang) and triticale. From the result of economic value evaluation, it was shown that farm income can be increased from 7 to 25 % by the forage crops as their cutting height were 5 to 10cm compared to 20cm cutting height.

신계허약아 진단을 위한 절단값 산정 연구-신장, 체중, 골연령을 기준으로

김태환,서혜선,도태윤,이선행,이진용 대한한방소아과학회 2023 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between pediatric weakness scale scores and growth indices. Furthermore, we intended to calculate the cut-off values for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children through growth indices. Methods A total of 193 patients, aged 6 - 12 years, underwent both the pediatric weakness scale and bone age assessment, and the correlations between the pediatric weakness scale and growth indices were analyzed. Moreover, the cut-off values for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children were calculated. Differences in bone age and predicted height between the normal group and Kidney Weak Children, classified according to the calculated cut-off values, were analyzed. Results The weakness of the Shin or kidney system was significantly correlated with the height percentile, weight percentile, differences in current height percentile and mid parental height percentile, differences in predicted height and mid parental height, and differences in bone age and chronological age. When the criteria for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children is set at “height percentile of ≤25% and weight percentile of ≤25%”, the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off value were maximized. The cut-off values for weakness of the Shin or kidney system were 9 in children aged 6 - 9 years and 10 in children aged 10 - 12 years. Conclusions To diagnose Kidney Weak Children, the cut-off values of weakness of the Shin or kidney system were 9 in children aged 6 - 9 years and 10 in children aged 10 - 12 years.

절화장미 용기재배 시 배수구 높이, 배지조성이 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향

최경이(Gyeong Lee Choi),조명환(Myeong Whan Cho),정재완(Jae Woan Cheong),노미영(Mi Young Roh),이한철(Han Cheol Rhee) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2010 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.19 No.4

절화장미의 새로운 수경재배 방식으로 용기재배를 제시하기 위하여 배수구의 높이와 적정 배지를 설정하는 두가지 시험을 수행하였다. 용기재배 시 적정한 배수구 높이를 설정하기 위하여 규격이 30×30×25㎝인 사각용기에 배수구를 0, 3, 6, 9㎝ 높이로 처리하였을 때 수량은 3㎝ 배수구 처리가 많았으나 절화품질은 처리간 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 정식후 생존율은 각각 100, 100, 92, 92%였다. 배수구 높이와 배지조성의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 배수구 높이가 0, 3㎝인 용기에 배지을 코이어와 펄라이트 단용 및 혼용하여 7가지 배지를 조성하였다. 수분센서를 이용하여 수분함량이 -5㎪에 도달했을 때 급액을 했을 때 코이어 혼합비율이 높은 배지와 3㎝ 배수구 높이 처리가 급액횟수가 감소하였다. 화중을 제외한 절화의 상품성과 2차 수확까지의 절화 수량은 배수구의 높이에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았고 3차 수확이후의 수량은 3㎝ 배수구 처리가 많았다. 배지별로는 코이어의 혼합 비율이 높은 처리에서 수량과 상품성이 우수하였다. 수량은 배수구를 높인 처리구가 절화품질과 수량이 많았으며, 펄라이트의 혼합비율이 높은 배지에서 수량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different height of drainpipe and growing media soilless cultivated cut rose in container culture. Two experiment were to examine the effect of the drainpipe height and media composition on yield and quality of cut rose, Four different drainpipe height (0, 3, 6, 9 ㎝) were treated to determine of optimal container type. Yield was the highest at 3 ㎝ drainpipe height, but quality was not significantly affected by drainpipe height. Survival rate of rose was 100%, 100%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. Two different drainpipe height (0, 3 ㎝) and 7 media composition (pure coir and pelite, and mixed with two media 3 : 1, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3 v/v) was treated to determine of media composition related to drainpipe height. The supply of nutrient solution was controlled by the signal of water potential at -5 ㎪ using frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensor in mixed coir with pelite 3 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 3 (v/v), respectively. Irrigation frequency reduced in high ratio of coir media and 3 ㎝ height of drainpipe. Quality of cut rose except for flower weight and yield until 2nd harvest was not significantly affected by drainpipe height, but yield after 3rd was higher at 3 ㎝ than 0 ㎝ height of darinpipe. In the media composition, yield and qulity of cut rose was increased at high ratio of coir media.

Effects of Rice Straw Incorporation by Cutting Methods on Soil Properties and Rice Yield in a Paddy Field

Chang-Hyu Yang(양창휴),Taek-Kyum Kim(김택겸),Jin-Hee Ryu(유진희),Sang-Bog Lee(이상복),Sun Kim(김선),Nam-Hyun Baek(백남현),Weon-Young Choi(최원영),Doug-Young Chung(정덕영),Si-Ju Kim(김시주) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구는 논토양 비옥도에 대한 예취높이별 볏짚 혼입효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 예취높이별 잔존량은 1,420 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (10 cm), 1,850 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (15 cm), 2,400 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (20 cm)를 나타냈다. 볏짚 혼입으로 토양경도, 용적밀도는 낮아졌고 공극 률이 증가하여 토양물리성이 개선되었다. 볏짚 수거로 토양유기물, 유효인산 및 유효규산 함량이 적어지고 양이온치환용량 이 낮아졌다. 토양에 볏짚 혼입시 비옥도 감소 폭이 적었고 예취높이별 잔존량이 많을수록 혼입효과가 크게 나타났다. 볏짚 혼입에 따라 수수, 영화수 확보가 많고 등숙비율이 높아졌으며 쌀수량은 관행 (3.67 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>)대비 28~32% 증수되었다. 연구결과 예취방법에 의하여 볏짚을 혼입한 재배기술이 수거에 비하여 쌀수량을 증가시켰고 논토양을 개선하였다. This study was to investigate the effects of rice straw incorporation by cutting height on paddy soil fertility. The average residual amount of rice straw by cutting height were showed 1,420 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, 1,850 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 2,400 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> for depths of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. For soil physical properties, soil hardness and bulk density were decreased while porosity was increased by rice straw incorporation. But soil organic matter (SOM), available silicate content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly decreased when rice straw was removed from the field. These results indicated that the SOM as residual amount of rice straw was influenced by level of cutting height. Milled rice yield was increased by 28% and 32% for cutting heights of 15 cm and 20 cm, compared with that of control, respectively. The number of spikelets per square meter and the percentage of ripeness were increased with increasing incorporation by lower level of cutting height of rice straw. Therefore, incorporation of rice straw practices under cutting method influenced soil improvement and rice yield in paddy field.

Straw to Grain Ratio Equation for Combine Simulation

Kim, Sang Hun,Gregory, James M. Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: The ratio of straw to grain mass as a function of cutting height affects combine efficiency and power consumption and is an important input parameter to combine simulation models. An equation was developed to predict straw to grain ratios for wheat as a function of cutting height. Methods: Two mass functions, one for straw and one for grain, were developed using regression techniques and measured data collected in west Texas during the summer, and used to predict the straw to grain ratio. Results: Three equations were developed to facilitate the simulation of a combine during wheat harvest. Two mass functions, one for straw and one for grain, were also developed; a quadratic equation describes the straw mass with an $R^2$ of 0.992. An S-shaped curve describes the mass function for grain with an $R^2$ of 0.957. An equation for straw to grain ratio of wheat was developed as a function of cutting height. The straw to grain ratio has an $R^2$ value of 0.947. Conclusions: In all cases, the equations had $R^2$ values above 0.94 and were significant at the 99.9 percent probability level (alpha = 0.001). Although all three equations are useful, the grain mass and straw to grain ratio equations will have direct application in combine simulation models.

Original Article Journal of Biosystems Engineering : Straw to Grain Ratio Equation for Combine Simulation

( Sang Hun Kim ),( James M. Gregory ) 한국농업기계학회 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: The ratio of straw to grain mass as a function of cutting height affects combine efficiency and power consumption and is an important input parameter to combine simulation models. An equation was developed to predict straw to grain ratios for wheat as a function of cutting height. Methods: Two mass functions, one for straw and one for grain, were developed using regression techniques and measured data collected in west Texas during the summer, and used to predict the straw to grain ratio. Results: Three equations were developed to facilitate the simulation of a combine during wheat harvest. Two mass functions, one for straw and one for grain, were also developed; a quadratic equation describes the straw mass with an R 2 of 0.992. An S-shaped curve describes the mass function for grain with an R 2 of 0.957. An equation for straw to grain ratio of wheat was developed as a function of cutting height. The straw to grain ratio has an R 2 value of 0.947. Conclusions: In all cases, the equations had R 2 values above 0.94 and were significant at the 99.9 percent probability level (alpha = 0.001). Although all three equations are useful, the grain mass and straw to grain ratio equations will have direct application in combine simulation models.

Effects of Stubble Height, Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Ratooning in Korea

신종희,김상국,박상구 한국작물학회 2015 Korean journal of crop science Vol.60 No.4

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ratooning is the production of a second rice crop from the stubble left behind after the main crop harvest. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of main-crop stubble height, irrigation and fertilization on ratoon grain yield. Main crop ‘Jinbuol’ rice cultivar was harvested to leave with 10, 20, 30, or 40 cm stubble height. When the main crop stubble was harvested with 10 cm height, ratoon rice grain yield was increased by 2,810 kg/ha. Irrigation on stubbles after main crop harvest did not affect the ratoon crop yield and rice quality. The results showed a large variation in the ratoon performance by fertilizer application methods. Top-dressed nitrogen fertilizer on the stubble after harvest caused increase in panicle production and higher maturity rate. However, there was no significant difference in protein content, amylose content of milled rice and cooked rice characters between plots managed with and without nitrogen fertilizer.