Enabling Context-aware Smart Home with Semantic Web Technologies

Daqing Zhang,Tao Gu,Xiaohang Wang 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2005 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.6 No.4

  Context-awareness has emerged as a key enabling technology for future smart homes. In this paper, we propose a generic layered model (the Context Stack) to guide the context-aware system design. We investigate the use of Semantic Web technologies in context modeling and reasoning. A Web Ontology based context model (CONON) is defined to facilitate explicit context representation, semantic context sharing, and logic reasoning. We show how the use of logic reasoning enables context-aware services to deduce high-level, implicit context from low-level, explicit context. In particular, we integrate the temporal ontology into our ontology model to facilitate annotating and reasoning about temporal context information. Following the general layered model, we present an OSGi-based context-aware service architecture for smart homes. We also build the smart home prototype with context-aware services.

맥락을 중요시하는 과학 수업 전략의 개발 및 적용

정숙진,신영준 한국초등과학교육학회 2024 초등과학교육 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구에서는 맥락을 중요시하는 수업 절차를 제안하고, 과학 수업을 진행하여 어떠한 효과가 있는지살펴보고자 하였다. 과학지식과 관련이 있는 다양한 맥락 중에서 발견의 맥락과 실생활 맥락을 중심으로 수업을 설계하기 위한 수업 절차를 개발하였다. 맥락중심설계와 이를 적용한 프로그램에 대하여 전문가의 내용 타당도 검증 후 수업을 진행하였고, 학생들의 반응을 확인하였다. 수정⋅보완을 거쳐 완성된 수업 설계의 최종안은 다음과 같다. 맥락중심설계를 4단계 PEAS(1단계 - 맥락 제시하기(Presentation), 2단계 - 맥락 탐색하기(Explore), 3단계 - 맥락 적용하기(Adapt), 4단계 - 정리하기(Share & Synthesize)) 절차로 제시하였다. 과학지식이 어떠한 사회적⋅역사적 맥락에서 생성되었는가(발견의 맥락)부터 실생활에서어떻게 활용되고 있는가(실생활 맥락)까지 폭넓게 다룸으로써 단편적인 지식 습득에만 치우치지 않고, 과학지식의 전반적인 흐름을 경험할 수 있도록 하는 데 목표를 두고 있다. 새롭게 제안한 수업 절차에대한 이해를 돕고, 그 효과를 확인해보고자 5학년 2학기 ‘재미있는 나의 탐구’, 2. 생물과 환경 단원을선정하여 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구 결과, 맥락중심설계를 적용한 초등과학 프로그램은 학생들의 자기주도적 학습능력 향상에 효과적이었고, 특히 내재적 동기 영역에서 효과가 두드러졌다. 학생들은 과학지식과 관련된 발견의 맥락과 실생활 맥락을 경험하면서, 과학 학습에 능동적으로 참여하고자 하는 욕구가 생겼고, 이것이 적극적인 학습 효과를 이끌어내는 데 필수적인 조건이 되면서 의미 있는 학습이 일어날 수 있는 선순환 고리가 만들어졌을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 시사점을 바탕으로 다양한영역 및 내용을 대상으로 맥락중심설계를 적용한 프로그램을 개발할 수 있을 것이다 This study aims to develop a class procedure for the application of classrooms that value context and to conduct science classes using this procedure to examine the effects. Among various contexts related to scientific knowledge, the study develops a teaching procedure for designing classes that focus on the contexts of discovery and real life. After verifying the content validity of the context-based design and the program to which it was applied, a class was conducted, and the responses of the children were checked. The final draft of the lesson design completed after revision and supplementation is as follows: context-based design was presented in four stages, namely, presenting, exploring the context, adapting the context, and organizing (share and synthesizing; PEAS). The goal is to enable people to experience the overall flow of scientific knowledge instead of focusing on the acquisition of fragmentary knowledge by covering a wide range of topics from the social and historical contexts in which scientific knowledge was created to its use in real life. To aid in understanding the newly proposed class procedure and verifying its effectiveness, we developed a program by selecting the “My Fun Exploration,” 2. Biology and Environment unit of the second semester of the fifth grade. The result indicated that the elementary science program that applied the context-centered design effectively improved the self-directed learning ability of students. In addition, the effect was especially notable in terms of intrinsic motivation. As the students experienced the contexts of discovery and real life related to scientific knowledge, they developed the desire to actively participate in science learning. As this becomes an essential condition for deriving active learning effects, a virtuous cycle in which meaningful learning can occur has been created. Based on the implications, developing programs that apply context-based design to various areas and contents will be possible.

국어과 교육내용으로서의 맥락의 교육적 실행연구-중등 읽기 영역에서의 교수법 및 교재 구성을 중심으로

김혜정 한말연구학회 2011 한말연구 Vol.- No.28

Context is very important pedagogical thema of context-oriented curriculum in current education, which is able to do meaning-constructing. According to historical development of context in definition, its concepts are divided as several standards into some types of features of contexts. Based on Halliday and Hasan(1989), context is divided to four features;intratextual context, inter-textual context, context of situation, context of culture. Contexts in curriculum are mixed with concepts of ‘knowledge categories’, and are described as different terminologies and theoric backgrounds in each domains. and so aren‘t detailed in teaching-methods. So its concepts and methodological descriptions have to be coherent in pedagogical perspectives.

Context Aware System based on Bayesian Network driven Context Reasoning and Ontology Context Modeling

Kwang-Eun Ko,Kwee-Bo Sim 한국지능시스템학회 2008 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.8 No.4

Uncertainty of result of context awareness always exists in any context-awareness computing. This falling-off in accuracy of context awareness result is mostly caused by the imperfectness and incompleteness of sensed data, because of this reasons, we must improve the accuracy of context awareness. In this article, we propose a novel approach to model the uncertain context by using ontology and context reasoning method based on Bayesian Network. Our context aware processing is divided into two parts: context modeling and context reasoning. The context modeling is based on ontology for facilitating knowledge reuse and sharing. The ontology facilitates the share and reuse of information over similar domains of not only the logical knowledge but also the uncertain knowledge. Also the ontology can be used to structure learning for Bayesian network. The context reasoning is based on Bayesian Networks for probabilistic inference to solve the uncertain reasoning in context-aware processing problem in a flexible and adaptive situation.

ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF CONTEXT-AWARE SYSTEMS IN PERVASIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Divya Udayan J,HyungSeok Kim 한국HCI학회 2013 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.1

Context aware systems are those systems that are aware about the environment and perform productive functions automatically by reducing human computer interactions(HCI). In this paper, we present common architecture principles of context-aware systems to explain the important aspects of context aware systems. Our study focuses on identifying common concepts in pervasive computing approaches, which allows us to devise common architecture principles that may be shared by many systems. The principles consists of context sensing, context modeling, context reasoning, context processing, communication modelling and resource discovery. Such an architecture style can support high degree of reusability among systems and allows for design flexibility, extensibility and adaptability among components that are independent of each other. We also propose a new architecture based on broker-centric middleware and using ontology reasoning mechanism together with an effective behavior based context agent that would be suitable for the design of context-aware architectures in future systems. We have evaluated the proposed architecture based on the design principles and have done an analyses on the different elements in context aware computing based on the presented system.

리더십과 맥락(context): 연구동향 및 향후 연구과제

장영임 리더십학회 2012 리더십연구 Vol.4 No.1

Contexts in leadership research has been dealt with as a core concept by the situational leadership theorists during 1960-70’s, but only within a limited range. When change-oriented leadership theories such as charismatic leadership that put emphasis on leaders’ direct impact on outcomes have taken the stage since the 1980’s, the variable context was neglected. Recently, however, diverse efforts are exerted to expand the context research into social, environmental, structural, and socio-economic areas. Thus the purpose of the present study was to set the stage for future research on context by analyzing the results of the existing studies. In brief, although it is necessary to delve into context variables such as environmental, organizational, technological, and systemic characteristics in relation to leadership, research on context so far is failing even to come up with clear definitions of the context itself. The current study collected 50 leadership articles that contain ‘context’ in the title, and categorized them into 6 groups before analyzing the contents of each article. After reviewing 50 articles, a definition of context has been suggested as in: “a series of situational variables that affect leadership outcomes, including situations being implicitly understood or being explicitly expressed”. Review of the collected articles also revealed that contextual variables such as social, organizational, industry/size, situational and leader’s characteristics, changes in environmental perceptions have represented the leadership context. Overall, there exist few studies of leadership context in Korea, the concept of context still remains ambiguous, the relationship between context and leadership has not been specified, and the measurement for context is not established. Finally, various future research directions for context have also been discussed. 리더십연구에서 맥락은 1960-70년대의 상황이론들에서 핵심적으로 다뤄졌으나, 미시적이고 제한적 범위에 머물렀다. 1980년대 이후, 맥락을 다루지 않은 변화중심의리더십이론들(예, 카리스마리더십)이 리더십연구를 주도하면서 맥락변수는 잊혀 졌었다. 하지만 최근 맥락과 리더십의 관계에 대한 다양한 관점의 연구들이 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 여러 분야에서 발표된 리더십 맥락 연구들을 체계적으로 분석하여 현황을 알아보고 향후의 연구방향을 설정하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 환경, 조직, 기술그리고 시스템 등의 구조적 맥락 요소들과 리더십의 관계를 체계적으로 연구해야 하지만, 지금까지의 맥락연구들은 용어에 대한 명확한 정의조차 제시하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연구주제에 '맥락(context)'이라는 용어를 포함한 50편의 리더십연구 논문들을 수집하여 이들의 주제별 유형을 여섯 가지로 분류하고 각 논문에서 사용된 맥락의 구성요소를 분석하였다. 분석결과에 입각하여, 모호하게 남아있던 ‘맥락(context)'을 ’형식지로 표현할 수 있는 상황과 암묵적으로 이해할 수 있는 상황을 포함한 일련의 리더십 영향요인’이라고 정의하였다. 아울러, 50편을 리뷰한 결과, 사회상황, 조직상황, 상황의 특성, 산업/규모, 리더의 특성상황, 환경과 인식의 변화 등일곱 가지 변수들이 맥락을 대표하는 변수로 사용되었다는 사실을 밝혔다. 하지만아직까지 한국에서 리더십맥락에 대한 연구가 거의 없고, 맥락의 개념이 불명확하며, 맥락과 리더십의 다양한 관계가 구체화되어 있지 않고, 측정도구도 정립되어 있지않다. 마지막으로 리더십 ‘맥락(context)'과 관련된 다양한 연구방향을 토의하였다.

Development of Context Aware System based on Bayesian Network driven Context Reasoning Method and Ontology Context Modeling

Kwang-Eun Ko,Kwee-Bo Sim 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Uncertainty of result of context awareness always exists in any context-awareness computing. This falling-off in accuracy of context awareness result is mostly caused by the imperfectness and incompleteness of sensed data, because of this reasons, we must improve the accuracy of context awareness. In this article, we propose a novel approach to model the uncertain context by using ontology and context reasoning method based on Bayesian Network. Our context aware processing is divided into two parts: context modeling and context reasoning. The context modeling is based on ontology for facilitating knowledge reuse and sharing. The ontology facilitates the share and reuse of information over similar domains of not only the logical knowledge but also the uncertain knowledge. Also the ontology can be used to structure learning for Bayesian network. The context reasoning is based on Bayesian Network for probabilistic inference to solve the uncertain reasoning in context-aware processing problem in a flexible and adaptive situation.

장애 및 특수교육과 관련된 다양한 상황들의 고려

강종구 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.9

This study attempted to identify various types of contexts related to disabilities and special education, and tried to discuss how to consider these contexts. This study classified contexts related to disabilities and special education as physical, mental, and mixed contexts by applying a theoretical approach. First, this study tried to discuss the physical contexts that can influence disabilities and special education. Discussions on the physical context were dealt with somewhat external contexts such as physical support for students with disabilities, several educational environments that students with disabilities could be placed, and financial supports for students with disabilities. Second, this study attempted to discuss the mental contexts that can influence disabilities and special education. Discussions on the mental contexts were dealt with somewhat internal contexts such as people’s attitudes towards disabilities, trust towards special education, and teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education. This study mentioned as both physical and mental contexts can play important roles in students with disabilities and their educational supports, it needs to be understood through the mixed contexts that consider both physical contexts and mental contexts in the discussions about disabilities and special education 본 연구에서는 장애 및 특수교육과 관련된 다양한 유형의 상황들을 알아보고 이러한 상황들을 어떻게 고려해야할지에 대하여 논의하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이론적 접근을 적용하여 장애 및 특수교육과 관련된 상황들을 물리적 상황, 정신적 상황, 혼합적 상황으로 구분하였다. 첫째 장애 및 특수교육과 관련될 수 있는 상황들 가운데 물리적 상황에 대하여 논의하고자 하였다. 물리적 상황에 대한 논의는 장애학생에 대한 물리적 지원, 장애학생들이 배치될 수 있는 여러 가지 교육환경, 장애학생들에 대한 경제적 지원과 같이 다소 외부적인 상황을 통해 다루었다. 둘째 장애 및 특수교육과 관련될 수 있는 상황들 가운데 정신적 상황에 대하여 논의하고자 하였다. 정신적 상황에 대한 논의는 장애에 대하여 사람들이 가지는 태도, 특수교육에 대한 신뢰, 통합교육에 대한 교사의 태도와 같이 다소 내부적인 상황을 통해 다루었다. 본 연구는 물리적 상황과 정신적 상황 모두 장애학생들과 이들의 교육적 지원에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 장애 및 특수교육에 대한 논의에 있어 물리적 상황과 정신적 상황을 모두 고려하는 혼합적 상황을 통해 이해될 필요가 있음을 언급하였다.

A Study on an Object-orientation and Extensibility in Context-aware Systems

최종명,김익수 한국지식정보기술학회 2017 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.2

There has been a lot of research on context-aware computing, but software extensibility in the development of those systems has not gotten much attention in spite of its importance in software engineering. In this paper, we introduce some extension requirements for context-aware systems, and identify four extension types for them: sensors, context inference algorithms, contexts, and context-aware services. For those extension requirements, we propose four extension mechanisms based on object-oriented technology: separation between abstraction and implementation of context, separation of context from sensors, modular and separate model for context-aware functions, and overloading model for context-aware functions. By adopting those mechanisms, developers or maintainers can add new sensors, context inference algorithms, contexts, or context-aware services without modifying the source code after deployment. Those mechanisms are all based on object-orientation. Our approach represents a context as a class, and context services as methods with context parameter. Context inference is a class with a method which understands sensor values and infers the current context from the values. This approach will reduce costs, time, and efforts in context-aware system maintenance which requires new context-aware features after deployment because it will increase the software reusability and extensibility. In this paper, we also specify a case study which shows how to extend a context-aware system with the extension requirements.

Particle Swarm Optimization and Dempster Shafer Approach to Achieve Internet of Things Context Fusion Using Quality of Context

Ntalasha Derrick,Li Renfa,Wang Yongheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.2

Context fusion is a very important aspect in a system that has to adequately simplify a required task in achieving context awareness in the Internet of things (IoT). IoT generates a large amount of data, which are massive, multi-source, heterogeneous, dynamic and sparse. Context information fusion is an important tool in the manipulation and management of these data in order to improve processing efficiency, provide advanced intelligence and increase reliability. Context information fusion can reduce the amount of data traffic, filter noisy measurements, and make predictions and inferences in any stages of data processing in IoT. As such when context is acquired from this domain, it has low confidence level due to reliability factors. In this paper Context information’s reliability has been addressed through the use quality of context (QoC) by determining the combined confidence for acquired context from multiple sources. Particle Swarm Optimization selects the context information with the highest level of confidence and Dempster Shafer rule of combination fuses this context into more reliable information that can be used by the system to effectively adapt to changing context. From the obtained results the proposed solution indicates an improved fusion process with increased confidence.