The Impact of Celebrity Suicide on Subsequent Suicide Rates in the General Population of Korea from 1990 to 2010

박주현,최나리,김석주,김수현,안형진,이헌정,이유진 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.4

The association between celebrity suicide and subsequent increase in suicide rates among the general population has been suggested. Previous studies primarily focused on celebrity suicides in the 2000s. To better understand the association, this study examined the impacts of celebrity suicides on subsequent suicide rates using the data of Korean celebrity suicides between 1990 and 2010. Nine celebrity suicides were selected by an investigation of media reports of suicide deaths published in three major newspapers in Korea between 1990 and 2010. Suicide mortality data were obtained from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models with intervention analysis were used to test the impacts of celebrity suicides, controlling for seasonality. Six of the 9 celebrity suicides had significant impacts on suicide rates both in the total population and in the same gender- or the same age-subgroups. The incident that occurred in the 1990s had no significant impact on the overall suicide rates, whereas the majority of the incidents in the 2000s had significant influences for 30 or 60 days following each incident. The influence of celebrity suicide was shown to reach its peak following the suicide death of a renowned actress in 2008. The findings may suggest a link between media coverage and the impact of celebrity suicide. Future studies should focus more on the underlying processes and confounding factors that may contribute to the impact of celebrity suicide on subsequent suicide rates.

Celebrity Suicides and Their Differential Influence on Suicides in the General Population: A National Population-Based Study in Korea

Woojae Myung,HongHee Won,Maurizio Fava,David Mischoulon,Albert Yeung,Dongsoo Lee,DohKwan Kim,HongJin Jeon 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.2

Objective-Although evidence suggests that there is an increase in suicide rates in the general population following celebrity suicide, the rates are heterogeneous across celebrities and countries. It is unclear which is the more vulnerable population according to the effect sizes of celebrity suicides to general population. Methods-All suicide victims in the general population verified by the Korea National Statistical Office and suicides of celebrity in South Korea were included for 7 years from 2005 to 2011. Effect sizes were estimated by comparing rates of suicide in the population one month before and after each celebrity suicide. The associations between suicide victims and celebrities were examined. Results-Among 94,845 suicide victims, 17,209 completed suicide within one month after 13 celebrity suicides. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that suicide victims who died after celebrity suicide were significantly likely to be of age 20–39, female, and to die by hanging. These qualities were more strongly associated among those who followed celebrity suicide with intermediate and high effect sizes than lower. Younger suicide victims were significantly associated with higher effect size, female gender, white collar employment, unmarried status, higher education, death by hanging, and night-time death. Characteristics of celebrities were significantly associated with those of general population in hanging method and gender. Conclusion-Individuals who commit suicide after a celebrity suicide are likely to be younger, female, and prefer hanging as method of suicide, which are more strongly associated in higher effect sizes of celebrity suicide.

The Impact of Celebrity Suicide on Subsequent Suicide Rates in the General Population of Korea from 1990 to 2010

Park, Juhyun,Choi, Nari,Kim, Seog Ju,Kim, Soohyun,An, Hyonggin,Lee, Heon-Jeong,Lee, Yu Jin The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2016 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.31 No.4

<P>The association between celebrity suicide and subsequent increase in suicide rates among the general population has been suggested. Previous studies primarily focused on celebrity suicides in the 2000s. To better understand the association, this study examined the impacts of celebrity suicides on subsequent suicide rates using the data of Korean celebrity suicides between 1990 and 2010. Nine celebrity suicides were selected by an investigation of media reports of suicide deaths published in three major newspapers in Korea between 1990 and 2010. Suicide mortality data were obtained from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models with intervention analysis were used to test the impacts of celebrity suicides, controlling for seasonality. Six of the 9 celebrity suicides had significant impacts on suicide rates both in the total population and in the same gender- or the same age-subgroups. The incident that occurred in the 1990s had no significant impact on the overall suicide rates, whereas the majority of the incidents in the 2000s had significant influences for 30 or 60 days following each incident. The influence of celebrity suicide was shown to reach its peak following the suicide death of a renowned actress in 2008. The findings may suggest a link between media coverage and the impact of celebrity suicide. Future studies should focus more on the underlying processes and confounding factors that may contribute to the impact of celebrity suicide on subsequent suicide rates.</P>

연구논문 : 연예인의 스트레스와 자살생각 간의 조절효과

이주연 ( Joo Yun Lee ) 극동대학교 사회복지연구소 2014 글로벌사회복지연구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 연예인의 스트레스와 자살생각 간의 관계를 밝히고 연예인의 심리사회 적 특성이 이들 관계를 조절하는지 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연예 인의 스트레스 요인은 다양하며, 각 각의 스트레스 요인에 따라 자살생각의 수준이 다르고 자살생각에 이르는 과정도 차이가 있다. 둘째, 스트레스와 자살생각 간에 종 교의 유무는 스트레스와 상호작용을 통해서 조절역할을 함으로써 연예인 자살생각에 영향을 준다 따라서 조절효과를 검증한 종교는 스트레스와 자살생각에 관한 연예인 의 심리현상을 이해하고, 상담실제에서 중점을 두고 개입해야할 중요한 변인임을 확 인하였다. This research profoundly studies the recent, and often, suicide cases of celebrities. This research conducted a survey targeting 188 of currently working actors, singers, entertainers of both sex, and, with the exception of 7 insincere responses, 181 results were analyzed. It is resulted that A. Between the relationship of stress and suicide, depending on the cause, stress had various effects on moderator variables and suicide. B. the desire for suicide is in direct proportion to stress, C. religion acts as a moderator. To conclude the research, celebrities who are under stress have different causes of stress, and those reasons differently ailed suicidal urges and the process leading to them. Also, religion plays a role as a moderator between the interaction of stress and suicide.

연예인 자살생각의 보호요인 -사회적 지지를 중심으로-

이주연,김봉환 한국상담학회 2012 상담학연구 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구는 연예인의 스트레스와 자살생각의 보호요인으로서 사회적 지지가 어떻게 기능하는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 사회적 지지를 스트레스와 자살생각 간의 매개요인으로 설정하였고, 연구시점 방송을 통해서 활동하고 있는 연기자, 가수, 개그맨 남, 녀 총 188명에게 설문조사를 실시, 총 181명의 자료를 최종분석에서 사용하였다. 연예인의 스트레스는 요인분석을 통하여 생활 스트레스, 보상 스트레스, 직무지원 스트레스, 동료관계 스트레스, 직무요구 스트레스 등 총 5개의 요인을 도출했으며, 사회적 지지는 부모, 친구, 팬으로 지지원을 구분하였다. 연구 결과, 친구와 부모에 의한 사회적 지지는 보상 스트레스, 동료 간의 스트레스와 자살생각 간에 유의한 매개효과를 보였고, 직무 스트레스와 자살생각 간에는 친구의 지지가 유의한 매개효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 연예인이 지각한 스트레스는 부분적으로 자살생각에 직접적인 영향을 주고 사회적 지지를 매개로 간접적으로 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 사회적 지지는 연예인의 심리상태를 이해하고 연예인 자살예방과 상담실제에서 중점을 두고 개입해야 할 중요한 변인임을 시사한다. This study examines whether social support would function as a protective variable in terms of relationship between stress and suicidal ideation. For doing this, social support was held a place as a mediator variable between stress and suicidal ideation. Social support, as the protective variable, was defined as supporting from fans, friends, and parents. This research conducted a survey targeting 188 of currently working actors, singers, entertainers of both sex, and, with the exception of 7 insincere responses, 181 participants were analyzed. For statistical methods, factor analysis, multiple regress and sobel test were held. The results are followed: through factor analysis, five factors of stresses were founded: life stress, reward stress, job-support stress, peer stress, and job stress. Out of the social supports, parents are the mediators in stress caused by peer pressure and reward stress, whereas friends are the mediators in stress caused by job stress. To conclude the study, social support, as proved mediator variable to suicidal ideation, must understand the celebrities’ psychological health on suicide and intervene in consultation.

연예인 자살보도와 제 3자 효과: 언론의 연예인 자살보도에 대한 태도, 미디어 이용, 미디어 규제와의 관계를 중심으로

김인숙 ( In Sook Kim ) 한국지역언론학연합회 2009 언론과학연구 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 언론의 연예인 자살 보도에 대한 제 3자 효과, 언론의 연예인 자살 보도에 대한 태도와 미디어 이용이 제 3자 효과에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고, 제 3자 효과가 행동적인 요소에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 언론의 연예인 자살 보도에 대한 태도, 미디어 이용, 제 3자 효과가 언론의 자살 보도 규제에 미치는 영향을 고찰해 보았다. 또한 사회적 거리감이 제 3자 효과에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 언론의 연예인 자살 보도가 자신, 타인, 동료 대학생들에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 창원 대학교에서 교양과목을 수강하는 학생 총 316명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 연구 결과를 보면, 언론의 연예인의 자살 보도가 자신에게 미치는 영향보다 타인에게 미치는 영향이 더욱 클 것이라고 지각하였으며, 자신에게 미치는 영향보다 동료 대학생들에게 미치는 영향이 더욱 클 것이라고 지각 하였다. 또한 사회적 거리감이 멀수록 제 3자 효과가 크게 나타난다는 것을 검증하기 위해 타인과 대학생들에게 미치는 영향의 차이를 알아보았는데, 연구 결과에 의하면 타인이 동료 대학생들보다 더욱 영향을 받을 것이라고 지각하는 것으로 검증되었다. 언론의 연예인 자살보도에 대한 태도와 미디어 이용이 제 3자 효과에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 결과에서는 TV 이용이 적을수록 자신보다 다른 사람들이 더욱 영향을 받을 것이라고 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 언론의 연예인 자살 보도에 대한 태도, 미디어 이용, 제 3자 효과와 언론의 자살보도 규제와의 관계를 알아본 결과, 언론의 연예인 자살보도에 대한 태도와 인터넷 이용이 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 연예인 자살 보도에 대한 태도가 부정적일수록, 연예인 자살에 대해 인터넷에서 정보를 적게 읽은 사람들일수록 언론의 자살 보도 규제를 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. This study examined the relationships among attitude toward suicide news coverage, media use, the third-person effect and censorship of celebrity suicide news coverage. This study consists in two parts. First, The study investigated the relationship among attitude toward suicide news coverage, media use and the third-person effect. It also proposed that the third-person effect is influenced by social distance corollary. The social distance corollary is the media impact on others varies as a function of the generality of the description of the `other` group. Second, in terms of behavioral impact of the third-person effect, the study examined the relationship among attitude toward suicide news coverage, media use, the third-person effect and censorship of celebrity suicide news coverage. A survey of 316 university students were examined in this study. The study supported the third-person effect phenomena for the coverage of celebrity suicide news. The study found the social distance corollary affected the third-person effect. Respondents thought media had more effect on others than their peer group. Result of the relationship among attitude toward celebrity suicide news, media use and the third-person effect supported that respondents who watched less TV about the coverage of suicide news were more likely to think media had more effect on others than me. Finally, the result of the relationships among attitude toward celebrity suicide news, media use, the third-person effect and censorship found that respondents who had negative attitude toward celebrity suicide news coverage and used less internet of celebrity suicide news coverage were more likely to support for censorship of celebrity suicide news coverage in media.

2012년 자살률 감소와 미디어 보도와의 관련성 분석

안명희,이태엽,심유진,김선옥,홍진표 대한신경정신의학회 2015 신경정신의학 Vol.54 No.2

Objectives ZZA recent study conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO) reported that the suicide rate in Korea decreased in 2012. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the decrease in suicide rate and media reporting of suicide events. MethodsZZData on suicide rates were obtained from the KNSO. Correlation between suicide rate and celebrity suicide events, number of media reports on suicide, and suicide searches was compared. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. ResultsZZThe number of celebrity suicide events and recognition of celebrity decreased in 2012. Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between the monthly number of media reports on suicide and the suicide rate (daily newspaper r=0.619, p<0.001 ; broadcast r=0.393, p<0.001). The number of suicide searches showed association with celebrity suicide events. ConclusionZZThe suicide rate may be influenced by the number of media reports on suicide events. Establishing guidelines for media reporting on these events could help to decrease the suicide rates.

연예인 자살에 대한 보건 사회과학적 담론 분석

남순현 한국보건사회학회 2019 보건과 사회과학 Vol.0 No.52

This paper aims to diagnose the causes and problems of celebrity suicides in entertainment industry and to examine the discourse on suicide in entertainment industry formed in our society. The paper has analyzed 398 articles related to suicide in entertainment industry among the Internet articles posted in Korea's representative entertainment media Internet bulletin board, Sports Seoul and Sports Chosun, from 2011 to 2018. There were 13 celebrities (10 Male, 3 Female) who committed suicide during this period. Topics discovered through content analysis were classified into suicide attempt, suicide, suicide cause, entertainer activities before suicide, various social reactions, shedding new light on celebrities to commit suicide after death, summon to broadcast, bereaved and countermeasures. Celebrity deaths have a large impact and the response of the society is also diverse. This paper suggested that the social implications of suicides in entertainment industry and ways to prevent suicide in the future. 본 연구에서는 연예인 자살에 대한 원인과 문제점 등을 진단해보고, 우리 사회에 형성된 연예인 자 살에 대한 보건 사회과학적 담론들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 2011년부터 2018년까지 스 포츠서울과 스포츠조선, 한국의 대표적인 연예전문 미디어 인터넷 게시판에 게시된 기사들 중에서 연 예인 자살과 관련된 398건의 기사를 내용분석하였다. 2011년부터 2018년까지 자살한 연예인은 13 명이었고, 남성연예인이 10명, 여성연예인이 3명이었다. 내용분석을 통해서 발견된 주제는 자살기도, 자살, 원인, 자살 전 연예활동, 다양한 반응들, 자살자 재조명, 방송에 소환, 유족 그리고 대응방안으 로 유목화되었다. 연예인 자살은 그 파급효과가 크고, 그에 따른 사회의 반응 또한 다양하다. 따라서 본 연구는 연예인 자살이 지닌 보건 사회과학적 함의를 살펴보고, 향후 자살을 예방하기 위한 방안들 을 모색해보았다는데 그 시사점을 지닌다

유명인 자살 보도 전후의 일반인 자살시도 양상의 비교

송윤주,이은,김재민,윤혜진,남궁기 대한우울조울병학회 2011 우울조울병 Vol.9 No.2

Objectives : Many studies suggest that media reporting of a celebrity suicide increase suicidal rates, but few studies have assessed the impact of specific media report in Korea. We have examined possible influences of media reporting death of famous Korean actress Ms. Choi, whose death resulted in extensive media coverage. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients who presented with suicide attempts to the Emergency Department of Severance Hospital during 12 month period. We obtained demographic data, any past history of suicide attempt and psychiatric illness, the methods of suicide attempts, lethality, and follow up after discharge. Results : We finally enrolled 162 patients during the study period. The total number of suicide attempts by hanging was 11, and 9 attempts occurred after death of Ms. Choi. The patients who visited emergency department after death of Ms. Choi tend to use more severe methods than before. Most patients discharged against advice and were not followed up after discharge. Conclusion : From the result of this study, it might be possible that Werther effect could have an effect on suicide attempts. This study also suggests need for intense follow up for survivors after suicide attempt. (J of Kor Soc for Dep and Bip Disorders 2011;9:64-69)

A Framework of Pastoral Counseling for Psychological Maladjustment in Christian Celebrities

Joo-yun LEE 한국융합인문학회 2017 한국융합인문학 Vol.5 No.2