케어링을 받는 것이 소비자의 자아조절에 미치는 영향

이지윤(Ji-Yun Lee),박지환(Ji-Hwan Park) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2021 경영경제연구 Vol.43 No.1

교육학, 간호학 등의 분야에서는 사람들이 케어링(caring)을 받으면 자아조절이 높게 나타났고, 케어링을 받는 것과 유사한 개념인 사회적 포함(social inclusion) 연구에서도 사회적으로 포함된 사람들의 자아조절이 높게 나타났다. 이와 달리 마케팅 분야에서는 페이스북에서 사람들이 사회적 지지(social support)를 받으면 자아조절이 낮아짐을 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 케어링이 자아조절에 미치는 영향에 있어 기대이론과 라이센싱 효과를 근거로 상대방의 기대와 자기 초점의 조절역할을 실증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이와 관련된 구체적인 변수로 소비자 특성인 에이전틱/커뮤널 성향, 케어링의 특성인 과거경험/미래예상, 상황 요소인 개인목표/그룹목표 추구의 조절적 역할을 제안하고 검증하였다. 이에 대한 결과는 선행연구들에서 케어링과 자아조절 간의 관계가 상이하게 나타난 것에 대한 이해를 도울 수 있을 것이다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 자기에 초점된 에이전틱(또는 과거경험, 개인목표) 성향의 소비자인 경우, 케어링을 받을 때가 통제집단보다 자아조절이 낮게 나타난 반면, 상대방의 기대가 느껴지는 커뮤널(또는 미래예상, 그룹목표) 성향의 소비자인 경우, 케어링을 받을 때가 통제집단보다 자아조절이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 기업의 마케터는 소비자에게 케어링을 제공하고, 상대방 기대를 강조하면, 자아조절과 연관된 제품선택이나 목표달성 과업과 연관된 제품의 선택을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 마케터는 소비자에게 케어링을 제공하고, 자기 초점을 강조하면 탐닉제품의 선택을 높일 것으로 기대된다. 끝으로 본 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구를 위한 방향을 제언하였다. This paper will propose new moderator variables about the increase or decrease of self-regulation by caring on these conflicting results. To verify this prediction, propose three moderator variables associated with other’s expectations and self-focus. First, agentic trait and communal trait, consumer characteristics. Second, past experience and future expectation about caring trait. Third, personal goal and group goal pursuit, situational factors. In Experiment 1, it was let to clarify the moderating effect between caring and self-regulation according to consumer traits. In case of consumer who have agentic trait, when consumer receiving care, self-regulation has been decreased compared to the control group. On the other hand, if consumer has communal trait, when consumer receiving care has been increased compared to the control group. Therefore, Hypothesis 1 is supported. Experiment 2 is trying to look at the effect on self-regulation depending on caring trait. According to the result of Experiment 2, in case of past experience, when caring condition, self-regulation has been decreased compared to control group. However, in case of future expectation, when being expected of caring, self-regulation is higher than control group. Thus, Hypothesis 2 is supported. The main purpose of Experiment 3 is the moderating effect of personal/group goal pursuit on the relationships between caring and self-regulation. As a result, when pursuing personal goal, after receiving care, self-regulation is lowered. However, in the case of pursuing group goal, after receiving care, self-regulation is increased. Hypothesis 3 is proved by these results. This research adds to prior literature on caring theory, licensing effect, self-regulation in marketing contexts. This research also has important implications for marketers and policy makers.

Application of Skills Learned from Off-JT by Novice Nurses and Supervisory Approaches for Them in OJT

Ha-Na Kim,Mi-Kyoung Cho 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim: Identifying factors affecting self-care behavior and treatment adherence in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a descriptive research and data was collected from 91 patients in four SNS communities. General and clinical characteristics, social support, importance of self-care, self -care behavior and treatment adherence were measured self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 26.0 Results: 56(61.5%) participants were men, mean age was 51.6(±9.37). Mean hemodialysis period was 7.8(±7.03) years, most common cause was glomerulonephritis. Mean self-care behavior was 3.49(±0.56), mean treatment adherence was 4.0(±0.46). Self-care behavior was significantly correlated with importance of self-care(r=.628), social support(r=.542), and treatment adherence(r=.613). Treatment adherence was significantly correlated with importance of self-care(r=.421) and social support(r=.345). Importance of self-care (β=.371), treatment adherence (β=.359), social support from friends (β=.195) and subjective health status (β=.202(‘Average’), β=.262(‘Good’), β=.256(‘Very good’)) were significant influencing factors of self-care behavior, and the explaining power was 62.8% (F=14.82, p<.001). Self-care behavior (β=.453), education level (β=.47), and education frequency (β=.287(once a month), β=.279(once a week)) were significant influencing factors of treatment adherence, and the explaining power was 57% (F=7.64, p<.001). Conclusions: Improving self-care behavior and treatment adherence in hemodialysis patients requires interventions that enable patients to assess their health status positively and promote social support. Additionally, interventions should consider the patient"s education level, and should be performed as often as possible.

Self-care use patterns in the UK, US, Australia, and Japan: a multinational web-based survey

문수정,박정환,백승민,이민희,최선미,이상훈 한국한의학연구원 2016 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.5 No.2

Background The trend toward patient- or consumer-centered healthcare has been accelerated by advances in technology, consumer empowerment, and a shift from infectious to chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the growing self-care market by analyzing self-care patterns. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey involving adults from nine major cities in the UK, the USA, Australia, and Japan. This study examined the extent and frequency of self-care, self-care expenditure, sources of self-care information, and reasons for self-care in each country. Results The results showed that the prevalence of self-care was highest in Japan (54.9%), followed by the UK (43.1%), the USA (42.5%), and Australia (40.4%). The primary reason for practicing self-care was “to manage my healthcare myself” (cited by 45.7%, 59.5%, 49.2%, and 4.1% of participants in Australia, Japan, the UK, and the USA, respectively). Significant linear associations were observed between age and the prevalence of self-care in all countries (p < 0.05), indicating that self-care prevalence decreased with age in the UK, the USA, and Australia, and increased with age in Japan. The frequency with which self-care was practiced was positively correlated with age in the USA (p < 0.05), Australia (p < 0.01), and Japan (p < 0.05). In addition to acquaintances, internet search engines and information obtained from pharmacies were considered reliable and widely used sources of self-care information. Conclusion When developing self-care products or services, healthcare providers and policymakers should consider self-care patterns.

일반논문 : 교육과정 탐구주제로서의 자기배려(self-care): 쿠레레(currere)를 통한 자기이해(self-understanding)

정정훈 ( Jung Hoon Jung ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2015 교육문화연구 Vol.21 No.5

교육적 담론으로서 배려는 ``타인을 위한 배려``가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 남성 중심적이고 배려하는 사람 중심의 단방향적이고 때로는 왜곡된 배려가 교육적 사회적 문제를 야기하고 한국 교육문화에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있음은 안타까운 일이다. 나는 자신을 배려하지 않는 사람이 왜곡된 방식으로 타인을 배려하는 경향이 크다는 점을 지적하며, 이 문제 개선을 위한 한 방법으로 자기이해를 통한 자기배려를 제안한다. 이를 위해 이 논문은 타인을 위한 왜곡된 배려의 문제점 지적과 자기배려의 당위성을 논한 후 자기이해가 어떻게 자기배려의 한 방법이 될 수 있는지 숙고할 것이다. 나아가 자기배려적 관점에서 교육은 어떤 모습이 될 수 있을지 제안하고자 한다. 2000년이 넘는 시간 차이를 두고 동양과 서양에 살았던 두 선각자 Socrates와 최시형으로부터 우리는 자기배려가 ``신으로부터 주어진 가장 숭고하면서도 거부할 수 없는 개인의 의무``라는 것을 배울 수 있다. 그들은 또한 그것의 실천에 있어 ``오늘-여기``에서 자신과 유연하고 창의적인 관계를 맺는 윤리적 주체가 되어야 함을 가르쳐준다. 이를 위해 우리는 우리의 관점, 행동, 그리고 일상적 삶을 규정짓는 요소들에 끊임없이 의문을 제기해야한다. 이를 통해 우리는 우리를 조건 짓는 구조들에 완전히 굴복하지 않고, 새롭게 생각하고, 행동하고, 나아가 새로운 삶을 살아갈 수 있다. 현재의 삶이 유일하며 필연적인 것이 아니라는 것을 깨닫기 위해서 우리는 자신을 이해할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 자서전적 탐구를 통한 자기이해가 보다 실존적이고 유연한 자기-자기 관계로의 가능성을 열어주고, 자신만의 기준으로 주체적으로 살아갈 수 있는 출발점을 제공해 준다는 점에서 자기배려의 한 방법이 될 수 있다고 제안한다. The concept of care has been mainly focused on care-for-others in educational discourses. The discourses have been dominated by male perspectives, and the caring approaches were linear rather than communal or reciprocal. Korean education has been negatively affected by those kinds of practices of those who do not care for them selves. Considering the dare consequence of ``poisonous pedagogy`` this article first discusses the primacy and educational significance of self-care. It then suggest that self-understanding through autobiographical inquiry can be a way for self-care. It finally proposes how an education with respect to self-care looks like. Socrates and Haewol teach us that care-for-the-self is essential in our lives: it is impossible to deny or reject it; care-for-the-self is extended to care-for-others; for self-care one shall consider ``here-and-now``, and become an agency that builds creative relationship with self. To do so, one needs continuously to question external structures that condition us, the way one lives, and thinks. One should not entirely resort to structures, and one needs to and can create new ways of lives. I suggest that this study may open new possibilities for self-understanding to be a way of making anew self-self relationship, which thus can be a way of self-care in that self-understanding may provide one with an opportunity for one to live with one`s own standards.

당뇨캠프에 참석한 당뇨병환아의 자기간호수행에 관한 조사연구

한경자,최명애,강창희,구미옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1995 간호학 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the degrees of performing self-care activities, knowledge about juvenile diabetes mellitus and symptom experience, and to investigate the performance of self-care activities by general characteristics, knowledge, symptom experience. The ultimate aim was to provide a basic data in developing nursing intervention for the children with diabetes mellitus. The subjects of this study were 42 juvenile diabetic children aged between 8 and 18 who had participated in a diabetes mellitus camp for diabetic children from July 7 to 10,1990. The subjects filled out questionnaires with knowledge about diabetes mellitus, symptom experience of diabetes mellitus, performance of self-care activities during the last 2 days of the camp. Four nursing students who had experienced with nursing care of diabetic children explained the content of the questionnaires ot the subjects. The results were as follows: 1. Mean score of performing self-care activities was 52.95, that of self-care about diet 15.68, that of self-care about blood glucose control 25.69, and that of self-care about general care 11.59. That is, 75.6% of the subjects performed self-care activities, 62.7% self-care about diet, 85.6% self-care about blood glucose control, and 77.3% self-care about general care. 2. Fifteen subjects (65.7%)scored 12 to 14, 10(23.8%) scored 10 to 11,and 7(16.7%) scored 7 to 9 in the total of 14 questions of the knowledge of diabetes mellitus. Mean score of it was 0.79 on a 0-1 point scale. 3. Of the subjects, 22 (52,4%) experienced 4 to 6 symptoms, 14 subjects 1 to 3 symptoms, and the rest 7 to 9 symptoms. Twenty-five subjects (59.5%) had no complication of diabetes mellitus, while 9(21.4%) experienced 1 complication. 4. Mean score of performing self-care about diet in diabetic children aged between 8 and 12 was significantly higher than that of those aged between 13 and 18 (P=0.0026). 5. Mean score of performing self-care about diet in primary school children was significantly greater than that of high school adolescents(P=0.003). 6. There was no significant difference in performing self-care activities, self-care activities about diet, blood glucose control, and general care by gender, religion, duration of illness, experience of hospitalization, number of participation of diabetes mellitus camp, and family history of diabetes mellitus. 7. No significant difference was observed in performing self-care activities and self-care activities about diet, blood glucose control and general care by the level of knowledge about diabetes mellitus. 8. There was no significant difference in performing self-care activities, self-care activities about diet, blood glucose control, and general care by the degree of symptom experience. These results suggest that the age is an important variable in self-care activities of diabetic children. Nursing intervention might be essential to reinforce the self-care activities for high school adolescents and to maintain the self-care activities for primary school children. And the content of existing diabetes mellitus camp program may be revised or added by the age in order to promote the practice of self-care activities of diabetic children.

Factors Influencing Self-care Behaviors in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients

Su-Jeong Han,Hye-Won Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.6

A growing number of patients are supported by dialysis in older age. Care of these patients can be challenging due to chronic healthcare conditions, diminished quality of life, and an increased risk of death. The purposes of this study were to measure self-care behaviors in elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients and to identify variables associated with self-care behaviors. The subjects were 113 elderly patients on HD who visited a tertiary hospital in Seoul between November 5th and 30th, 2012, and consented to participate in the study. The SPSS WIN 15.0 program was used of data analysis. The mean score for self-care behaviors was 3.14. Caring for an arteriovenous fistula, followed by taking medication showed the highest scores for self-care activities, and engaging in social activities and diet control showed the lowest scores. The mean score for social support was 76.8. Significant negative correlation was observed between self-care behaviors and serum phosphorus, and potassium concentration, and significant positive correlation was observed between self-care behaviors and social support. Age, education level, and social support predicted value accounted for 36.8% of the variance in self-care behaviors in elderly hemodialysis patients. Dialysis providers should recognize self-care behaviors as an important nursing issue for elderly hemodialysis patients, and self-care and self-efficacy training should be provided to improve patients’ confidence in performing self-care behaviors.

아동의 방과 후 자기보호 유형별 자기조절학습능력과사회관계 및 학업성취에 관한 연구

박은정,이유리,이성훈 교육종합연구원 2015 교육종합연구 Vol.13 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze the background factors that affect children's after-school self-care types and to grasp the impact of self-regulated learning ability by self-care types and social relations in school on academic achievement. The data used for this study came from the 2012 Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey in which the participants consisted of a total of 4,323 (2,156 third graders and 2,167 sixth graders) elementary school students. The main results of this study were as follows. First, the grade of children, employment status of mothers, and presence of living with grandparents were revealed to be the common variables influencing on adult care, temporary self-care, and continuous self-care. Also the mothers' educational levels and household income were shown to affect solely on adult care and continuous self-care, whereas gender of the child appeared to affect only continuous self-care. Second, self-regulated learning ability showed a positive effect on academic achievement in all types of self-care of adult care, temporary self-care, and continuous self-care. Third, in all types of self-care, the better the relationship with peers, the higher the level of academic achievement. Moreover, teacher relationship showed a positive impact on only adult care and continuous self-care. Based upon the results of this study, social problems on after-school child care were discussed and several policy measures to solve child care and educational problems were suggested.

Differences in psychological effects of nail-care service according to consumer’s self-esteem

Kyung Ja Seo,Mi Young Kim 복식문화학회 2018 服飾文化硏究 Vol.26 No.4

Nail-care services are growing rapidly. If causes for the increase in nail-care service consumption is diversion or self-satisfaction, we can speculate that consumers perform self-care through nail-care services. Nail-care-service consumption should be allowed to increase because of the positive psychological effects such as improving mood or alleviating depressed emotions. Moreover, the psychological effects of nail-care services differ according to consumers’ tendencies. Therefore, this study divides the types of consumers, to investigate whether there is a difference in the psychological effects of nail-care services depending on the types. This study used the questionnaire survey method. Results of the study revealed that the sub-factors of self-esteem, extracted as two factors, were “personal self-esteem” and “social self-esteem”. Consumers were classified according to the sub-factors of self-esteem into four groups. There were differences in the psychological effects of nail-care services according to these four groups. It was found that all groups had psychological effects above the average value. This result indicates that only the degrees of psychological effects differ in accordance with the types of self-esteem, and that psychological effects generally play a large role in all types. Since psychological effects were positive for everyone regardless of their self-esteem, utilizing nail-care services considerably reduces the depression and anxiety of modern people. Nail-care services expected to become the basis of the nail therapy field.

결장루 보유자의 자가 간호 상태

박점희,조혜명 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1988 慶北醫大誌 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study were : To identify the ranks of problems of subjects with a colostomy. To identify the self-care condition between regular paticipants and irregular participants in the self-Help Group. To identify the self-care condition according to elapsed time after colostomy. To idenfify the self-care condition according to elapsed time after colostorny between regular participants and irregular participants in self-help Group. Seventy three subjects who have membership in the Korean Ostomy Association, Taegu Kyung-book Branch were selected as research Sample. The instrument used in this research was the guestionnaire. The data was collected by personal interviews and via mail from 1, Feb. to 31, Mar., 1987. Among 73 subjects, 25 interviews and 17 responded mail were used for a final analysis. For the measurement of self-care condition, 15 items were used on Likert-type scale. The analysis of this research was tested by percentage, t-test, ANOVA. The analysis of this research were as follow : 1. The ranks of problems related to colostomy were defecation control, odor control, use of Applience, gas passing, peristomal skin care, etal. 2. The highest self-care condition in items was family relationship. The lowest self-care condition in items was. Regulality of defecation and odor control, sexual Life with a spouse, daily physical activity, gas passing were also Low items. 3. The regular participants shows significantly hegher self-care condition than irregular participants in self-help group. (p<0.01) 4. There was no significant difference in self-care condition according to elapsed time after colostomy. (p>0.01) 5. There was no significant difference in self-care condition according to elapsed time after colostomy between regular participants and irregular participants in self-help group. (p>0.01)

Validity and Reliability of the Korean version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory

Seung Yeon Kong 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Background: Self-care in daily life is important for diabetic patients to maintain target blood sugar, prevent complications, and improve their quality of life. AADE proposes seven areas of self-care. Among self-care tools currently used, the majority of them only focus on one part of self-care. Therefore, a tool that enables practical evaluation and understanding of self-care, including psychological area, problem solving ability, and complication prevention is needed. Purpose: To evaluate validity and reliability of the Korean version of Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI). Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (N = 210) from a university hospital who agreed to participate in this study from November 1st, 2018 to June 30th, 2019 were enrolled. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Cronbach’s α was used to assess reliability. IBM SPSS Amos and SPSS WIN 22.0 software were used for data analyses. Results: The SCODI Korean version consisted of 40 items in four dimensions. Four factors (activity-nutritional behavior, health-adherence behavior, health-promotion behavior, diet-restriction behavior) in the dimension of self-care maintenance, two factors (health status monitoring, symptom recognition) in the dimension of self-care monitoring, three factors (glucose self-control, problem solving behavior, consultative self-care) in the self-care management dimension, and one factor (Self-care Confidence) in the dimension of confidence were extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis supported good fit and reliable scores for the Korean version of the SCODI model (χ²/df <5, RMSEA < 0.1, CFI ≥ 0.9, GFI ≥ 0.9). The Korean SCODI showed a high positive correlation coefficient of .75 with SDSCA, confirming the convergent validity. Cronbach’s α was 0.92 for the overall scale and 0.69 to 0.90 for the four dimensions. Conclusions: The Korean version SCODI is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea.