응답의 정치: 동물권 너머의 동물 정치

최명애 한국이론사회학회 2022 사회와 이론 Vol.42 No.-

While existing animal studies have largely focused on the ethical dimensions of human-animal relations, recent social science works on animals have explored the ways in which animals are involved in the hitherto anthropocentric political community, i.e. animal politics. Political scientists and legal scholars have developed right-based arguments by demanding the due right to attribute legal personhood and citizenships to animals. However, recent work on multispecies justice and relational ethics appear to offer a more careful mode of animal politics by making recourse to the attentive and response-able interactions between humans and animals. By drawing on posthumanist work on animal rights, multispecies justice, and relational ethics, this paper attempts to identify such an alternative mode of animal politics, which I call “the politics of response” after Haraway. By combining a critical review of recent scholarly work on animal politics with three empirical examples, this paper shows the existence of an alternative mode of animal politics where humans become attentive to the ecologies and agencies of the animals, and thus adjust animal-related political decisions accordingly. The politics of response is distinguished from the prevalent mode of right-based animal politics in that it attempts to create the political space where the differences of animals are encouraged and flourish. By offering a posthumanist account of ‘the political’, this paper hopes to contribute to the growing body of more-than-human work in the Korean sociology scholarship. 한국사회의동물 연구는 동물철학을중심으로인간-동물관계의윤리적측면을주로다뤄왔다. 그러나최근사회과학의동물연구는동물을인간의정치적논의와 의사 결정 과정에 어떻게 포함시킬 것인가를 논의하는 ‘동물 정치’로확장되고 있다. 이 글은 포스트휴머니즘의 다종적 정의와 관계적 윤리 논의에기반해 동물에 대한 관심과 응답으로 매개되는 새로운 동물 정치, 즉 ‘응답의정치’를 개념화하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 논문은 먼저 최근의 동물권 논의, 다종적 정의, 관계적 윤리를 중심으로 최근 사회과학의 동물 정치 논의를 살펴보고, 현실 사례를 인용해 권리 기반의 기존 ‘동물권 정치’와 구별되는 새로운동물 정치가 형성, 작동하고 있음을 확인한다. 이어, 이론과 사례를 결합해 새로운 동물 정치의 인간-동물 존재론, 정치적 전략과 효과를 검토한다. 응답의정치는 동물과 인간의 얽힘과 상호 작용을 강조하고, 특정한 맥락 속에서 드러나는 동물의 행위성에 주의를 기울이고, 제도적 조율을 통해 이에 응답하는것을 특징으로 한다. 특히 인간과 구별되는 동물의 특성과 역량에 주목하고, 이를 발현할 수 있도록 인간의 활동을 조율한다는 점에서 인간 중심주의의 외부에서 인간-동물 관계를 사유하고 실천하는 전환의 정치가 될 수 있을 것이다. 가장 ‘사회적인 것’의 하나인 정치를 포스트휴머니즘 관점에서 새롭게 사유함으로써 이 글은 최근 국내 사회학에서 부상하는 ‘인간 너머’ 사회학 연구에기여하고자 한다.

만성질환아 어머니의 삶의 질에 관한 연구

최명애,이현숙,김대희,박명희,윤소영,조연희,방경숙,박연환,Choi Myung Ae,Lee Hyun Sook,Kim Dae Hee,Park Myung Hee,Yoon So Young,Cho Yeon Hee,Bang Kyung Sook,Park Yeon Hwan 한국아동간호학회 2000 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study were to identify the quality of life for the mothers of hospitalized chronic pediatric patients, and to explore the factors affecting the QOL of those mothers. The subjects were 201 mothers whose children had hospitalized at one University hospital with chronic diseases. Data were collected from the December, 1997 to December, 1998. We used a revised QOL instrument consisting of 34 items, 5 point likert scale based on the Noh's QOL instrument. The revised QOL consists of six subscales, those are physical status and function, self esteem, emotional status, economic status, relationship with family members, and relationship with neighborhood. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation using SPSS-PC. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of quality of life for the mothers of chronic pediatric patients was 100.31, and item mean was 2.95. In subscale analysis, item mean of economic status was the lowest, and that of relationship with family members was the highest. 2. Correlations between characteristics of chronic pediatric patients, their mothers and QOL of mothers were as follows; 1) Total QOL of mothers had a significant positive relationship with progressing time relapse after diagnosing and age of mothers. There was a significant negative relationship between the total QOL of mothers and number of hospitalization of their children. 2) QOL on self esteem and economic status had a significant relationship with age of pediatric patients, the time relapse after diagnosis, and age of mothers. Total number of family members and QOL on economic status showed a significant positive relationship. QOL on emotional status, economic status, and relationship with family members of mothers showed negative correlations with the number of hospitalization of their children. 3. Followings were the result of difference in QOL among different demographic cha- racteristics of the subjects. 1) QOL on economic status of mothers was significantly higher when fathers of pediatric patients had jobs. 2) Total QOL score, QOL on emotional status, and QOL on relationship with neighborhood were significantly higher when mothers of pediatric patients had spouses. 3) QOL on self esteem of mothers was significantly higher when mothers had religion. 4. Followings were the result of difference in QOL among different diagnosis of the children. 1) Total QOL score of mothers whose children had congenital heart disease was higher than that of mothers whose children had leukemia and cancer. 2) QOL on emotional status, economic status, and relationship with family members of mothers whose children had congenital heart disease were higher than those of mothers whose children had leukemia, cancer, and epilepsy.

선천성 심장질환아의 수술후 활동제한 기간에 따른 사지근 위축 변화에 관한 연구

최명애,Choe Myoung Ae 한국아동간호학회 1998 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.4 No.1

In order to investigate the effects of a decreased activity on skinfold thickness, circumference and muscle strength of the extremities during the recovery period following heart surgery, skinfold thickness, circumference and muscle strength of the extremities were measured on days 0, 3, 6, and 9 following the surgery, and compared with those on the arrival day of intensive care unit. Skinfold thickness was measured using a skinfold caliper(Saehan Cor., Korea), circumference of the limbs were measured with a tape measure, upper extremity strength was determined using the Takei grip dynamometer and lower extremity strength was measured by pressing the flatfoot on an electronic digital health meter while tying on a bed. Results from this study were thus : 1. Skinfold thickness of triceps, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle on days 3, 6, 9 following the heart surgery was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation. 2. Circumference of midupperarm and midthigh on days 3, 6, 9 following the heart surgery was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation. Circumference of midcalf on days 3, 6 following the heart surgery was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation, while that of midcalf on day 9 following the surgery decreased significantly compared with that of on the day of operation. 3. Muscle strength of the upper extremity was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation, while that of the lower extremity on day 9 following the surgery decreased significantly compared with that of on the day of operation. From these results, it may be concluded that circumference and muscle strength of lower extremity can be decreased due to the postoperative inactivity following heart surgery in congenital heart disease children.

스테로이드 치료 전 DHEA 단독투여와 DHEA 투여와 운동의 동시적용이 스테로이드에 의해 유발되는 쥐 뒷다리근의 위축 예방에 미치는 효과

최명애,안경주 한국간호과학회 2009 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.39 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration alone or exercise combined with DHEA before steroid treatment on rat hindlimb muscles. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: a steroid group (S, n=10) that had no treatment for 7 days before steroid treatment; a DHEA-steroid group (DS, n=8) that had 0.34 mmol/kg/day DHEA injection once a day for 7 days before steroid treatment and an exercise+DHEA-steroid group (EDS, n=9) that ran on the treadmill combined with 0.34 mmol/kg/day DHEA injection for 7 days before steroid treatment. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Body weight, food intake, muscle weight, myofibillar protein content and cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: The DS group showed significant increases (p<.05) as compared to the steroid group in body weight, and muscle weight of gastrocnemius muscles. The EDS group showed significant increases (p<.05) as compared to the S group in body weight, muscle weight, myofibrillar protein content, and Type II fiber cross-sectional area of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Exercise combined with DHEA administration before steroid treatment prevents steroid induced muscle atrophy, with exercise combined with DHEA administration being more effective than DHEA administration alone in preventing muscle atrophy. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration alone or exercise combined with DHEA before steroid treatment on rat hindlimb muscles. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: a steroid group (S, n=10) that had no treatment for 7 days before steroid treatment; a DHEA-steroid group (DS, n=8) that had 0.34 mmol/kg/day DHEA injection once a day for 7 days before steroid treatment and an exercise+DHEA-steroid group (EDS, n=9) that ran on the treadmill combined with 0.34 mmol/kg/day DHEA injection for 7 days before steroid treatment. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Body weight, food intake, muscle weight, myofibillar protein content and cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: The DS group showed significant increases (p<.05) as compared to the steroid group in body weight, and muscle weight of gastrocnemius muscles. The EDS group showed significant increases (p<.05) as compared to the S group in body weight, muscle weight, myofibrillar protein content, and Type II fiber cross-sectional area of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Exercise combined with DHEA administration before steroid treatment prevents steroid induced muscle atrophy, with exercise combined with DHEA administration being more effective than DHEA administration alone in preventing muscle atrophy.

스테로이드 치료 후 회복기의 규칙적인 운동이 어린 쥐의 스테로이드 유발성 위축 Type II 근육에 미치는 영향

최명애,신기수,안경주,최정안,이윤경 한국간호과학회 2002 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.32 No.4

-Effect of Regular Exercise during Recovery Period Following Steroid Treatment on the Atrophied Type II Muscles Induced by Steroid in Young Rats Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether low intensity regular exercise following dexamethasone treatment could attenuate steroid-induced muscle atrophy. Method: 36 Wistar-rats(90-110g) were divided into six groups: control group(C), dexamethasone treatment group(D), sedentary group after normal sedentary period(C+S), sedentary group after dexamethasone treatment period(D+S), exercise group after normal sedentary period(C+E), and excercise group after dexamethasone treatment period(D+E). D, D+S, and D+E groups received dexamethasone injection(5mg/Kg) for seven days whereas C, C+S, and C+E groups received normal saline injection. Both C+E and D+E groups ran on a treadmill for 60 minutes/day(20minutes/4hours) at 15m/min and a 10°grade for seven recovery days. Result: Post-weight(body weight before muscle dissection) of D group significantly decreased by 16.03%, and that of D+E group significantly increased by 15.51% compared with pre-weight(body weight before steroid treatment). TypeⅡ muscle(plantaris and gastrocnemius) weights of D group were significantly lower than those of C group. Myofibrillar protein contents of typeⅡ muscles of D group tended to decrease comparing with C group. In D+E groups, body weights and relative weights of typeⅡ muscles(muscle weight(㎎)/post-weight(g)) tended to increase comparing with D+S group. Conclusion: It is suggested that steroid- induced muscle atrophy can be ameliorated through low intensity regular exercise after dexamethasone treatment.

운동이 일측성 말초신경 손상에 의해 유발된 신경병증성 통증 쥐의 환측과 정상측 뒷다리근에 미치는 영향

최명애,안경주 한국간호과학회 2010 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.40 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on muscle weight and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The Pain+Exercise (PE) group (n=21) and the Sham+Exercise (SE) group (n=20). All rats had 28 sessions of treadmill exercise at grade 10 for 30 minutes, twice/day at 10 m/min for 14 days. Body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Muscle weight and Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were measured. Results: The PE group showed significant increases (p<.05), as compared to the SE group for body weight and total diet intake, muscle weight of the unaffected soleus and plantaris, and in Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of unaffected three muscles and affected plantaris. Conclusion: Exercise for 14 days attenuates unaffected soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in neuropathic pain model.

A Preliminary Report on the Differences in the Perceived Impacts of Undergraduate Bioscience Knowledge on Clinical Practice Among Korean RNs

최명애,최스미,송경자 한국간호과학회 2003 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.33 No.4

Purpose. Nursing has evolved as a unique and independent field over the last decades. Unfortunately, many nurses in Korea express concern that they lack appropriate background knowledge in bioscience necessary to practice nursing competently. To determine the reasons of their concerns, we examined the perceptions of RNs regarding bioscience courses in their undergraduate (Baccalaureate and 3 year diploma program) and their perceived relations to the practice of nursing. Methods. The structured questionnaires were sent to 3 university-affiliated tertiary hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Results. The responses given by the nurses in the two groups were similar. The nurses in this study reported that the bioscience courses they took as undergraduates had little relation to their professional tasks. This lack of link between bioscientific knowledge and nursing practice may be partly due to the fact that the courses are taught by non-nursing faculties who are not familiar with nursing tices. It also appears that bioscience knowledge deficit was most prominent during nursing assessment regardless of the program they attended or the unit they are currently working. Conclusion. Bioscience courses should be integrated into the nursing curriculum properly and taught by nursing faculty who have a strong background in biological sciences.

DHEA의 투여 시기가 Dexamethasone 치료 쥐의 체중과 TypeI,II 근육무게에 미치는 영향

최명애,신기수,안경주,이은주 한국간호과학회 2002 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.32 No.5

This study was to determine the effect of DHEA administration before, during, and after dexamethasone treatment on body weight and TypeI,II muscle weight of rat receiving dexamethasone treatment. Method: Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control(C), dexamethasone(D), DHEA administration for 3days after dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7D+3DH), dexamethasone treatment for 7days after DHEA administration for 3days(3DH+7D), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 4days after dexamethasone treatment for 3days(3D+4DDH), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7DDH). Dexamethasone was injected by subcutaneously daily at a dose of 5mg/kg. DHEA was orally administered daily at a dose of 5mg/kg for 7 days. Soleus(TypeI) muscle, and both plantaris and gastro- cnemius(TypeII) muscles were dissected on the 7th day of experiment. Result: Body weight of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Body weight of 7D+3DH group decreased significantly compared with that of 7D group, 7DDH group, 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group. Muscle weight of both plantaris and gastro- cnemius tended to decrease compared with that of 7D group. Muscle weight of 7DDH group, 3D+4DDH group and 3DH+7D group increased significantly compared with that of 7D+3DH group. Muscle weight of gastrocnemius of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be suggested that DHEA administration before and during dexamethasone treatment can increase both body weight and mass of atrophied TypeII muscle induced by dexa- methasone treatment.

?DHEA의 투여 시기가 Dexamethasone 치료 쥐의 체중과 TypeⅠ,Ⅱ 근육무게에 미치는 영향

최명애,신기수,안경주,이은주 한국간호과학회 2002 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.32 No.5

-Effect of DHEA Administration before, during and after Dexamethasone Treatment on Body Weight and Mass of TypeⅠ,Ⅱ Muscles in Rats Purpose: This study was to determine the effect of DHEA administration before, during, and after dexamethasone treatment on body weight and TypeⅠ,Ⅱ muscle weight of rat receiving dexamethasone treatment. Method: Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control(C), dexamethasone(D), DHEA administration for 3days after dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7D+3DH), dexamethasone treatment for 7days after DHEA administration for 3days(3DH+7D), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 4days after dexamethasone treatment for 3days(3D+4DDH), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7DDH). Dexamethasone was injected by subcutaneously daily at a dose of 5mg/kg. DHEA was orally administered daily at a dose of 5mg/kg for 7 days. Soleus(TypeⅠ) muscle, and both plantaris and gastro- cnemius(TypeⅡ) muscles were dissected on the 7th day of experiment. Result: Body weight of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Body weight of 7D+3DH group decreased significantly compared with that of 7D group, 7DDH group, 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group. Muscle weight of both plantaris and gastro- cnemius tended to decrease compared with that of 7D group. Muscle weight of 7DDH group, 3D+4DDH group and 3DH+7D group increased significantly compared with that of 7D+3DH group. Muscle weight of gastrocnemius of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be suggested that DHEA administration before and during dexamethasone treatment can increase both body weight and mass of atrophied TypeⅡ muscle induced by dexa- methasone treatment.

간호관리자의 갈등관리유형이 간호사의 리더신뢰와 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

최명애,임지영,이은혜 한국가정간호학회 2018 가정간호학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nurse managers’ conflict management styles on nurses’ levels of leader trust and organizational commitment. Methods: For this study, a descriptive survey design was used. The participants were 165 nurses who had worked more than 1 year in a university hospital. Data were collected from September 1 to September 10, 2016, using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe’s tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Among the nurse managers’ conflict management styles, the problem-solving style was positively correlated with both leader trust and organizational commitment. Concession-avoiding and control-leading styles were negatively correlated with both variables. Furthermore, the problem-solving style was found to have significant influence on both leader trust and organizational commitment. Conclusion: In order to more actively cope with conflict situations occurring in the nursing work environment, nursing managers need to exhibit more effective attitudes of conflict management. This study suggests that the problem-solving style is a desirable conflict management style in terms of increasing leader trust and organizational commitment.