반응표면분석법을 이용한 자성기반 가중응집제의 응집조건 최적화

이진실,박성준,김종오 대한환경공학회 2017 대한환경공학회지 Vol.39 No.12

자성기반 가중응집제를 적용한 새로운 응집/침전법을 정수처리공정에 적용하기 위한 기초연구로써 반응표면분석법(RSM)을 이용하여 반응에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 알려진 pH, 일반 응집제 사용량, 가중 응집제 사용량에 관한 최적의 반응조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 이때, 일반 응집제는 Poly aluminium chloride (PAC)를 사용하였고 가중응집제는 Magnetite 기반의자성체를 사용하였으며, Kaolin으로 제조한 합성원수를 Jar-tester를 이용하여 응집실험을 실시하였다. 사전에 Box-Behnken design에 의하여 계획된 17가지 실험조건으로 상기 3개의 독립변수들이 반응변수(탁도 제거율 및 플럭의 평균 침강속도)에미치는 영향과 최적 반응을 유도하기 위한 독립변수의 최적치를 얻고자 하였다. 실험 후에는 2가지 반응변수의 이차 회귀모델을 도출하였으며, 이를 이용하여 독립변수와 반응변수 간의 상관관계를 도출하고자 반응표면분석을 실시하였다. 반응표면분석결과 탁도 제거율 및 플럭의 평균 침강속도에 대한 R2값은 0.9909, 0.8295이었고 두 가지 반응변수를 모두 고려한 최적의 반응조건은 pH 7.4, PAC 사용량 38 mg/L, 가중응집제 사용량 1,000 mg/L이었으며 이때 탁도 제거율 97%, 평균 침강속도가35 m/h 이상의 효율에 도달하였다. As a fundamental study to apply the new flocculation method using ballast in water treatment process, the optimal conditions for general and ballast coagulant dosage, and pH, which are known to have a significant influence, were derived by response surface methodology. Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and magnetite ballast were used as a general coagulant and ballast, respectively. Coagulation experiments were performed by jar-tester using the kaolin based synthetic water. The effects of three independent variables (pH, PAC, and ballast) on response variables (turbidity removal rate and average settling velocity of flocs) and the optimum condition of independent variables to induce the optimum flocculation were obtained by 17 experimental conditions designed by Box-Behnken procedure. After performing experiments, the quadratic regression model was derived for each of response variables, and the response surface analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between independent variables and response variables. The R2 values for the turbidity removal rate and the average settling velocity were 0.9909 and 0.8295, respectively. The optimal conditions of independent variables were 7.4 of pH, 38 mg/L of PAC and 1,000 mg/L of ballast. Under these conditions, the turbidity removal rate was more than 97% and the average settling velocity exceeded 35 m/h.

함초 첨가 거품형 찜케이크의 재료 혼합비율의 최적화

김유숙 ( Yu Suk Kim ),곽성호 ( Sung Ho Kwak ),장명숙 ( Myung Sook Jang ) 한국식품조리과학회(구.한국조리과학회) 2006 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

To obtain basic data for the utilization of saltwort (Salicornia herbacea L.) as a functional ingredient in steamed foam cake, the optimum component ratios for major raw ingredients (saltwort, salt, and wheat flour) as independent variables that affect the product quality were scientifically determined using RSM (response surface methodology) technique. A three-factor and five-level rotational central composite design was used for treatment arrangement. The complete design consisted of 16 experimental points. The three independent variables selected for the RSM experiment were amounts of saltwort (X1, 5~25 g), salt (X2, 0~10 g), and wheat flour (X3, 470~530 g). The optimum responses in specific gravity of the batter and volume, color, texture, and sensory evaluation result of the cake were obtained. The specific gravity and viscosity of the batter at p<0.01 was verified from the regression curve. The characteristic of the batter was influenced by all independent variables, but was extremely dependent on the amount of saltwort ordinary points of the surface responses from the batter formed the minimum points for specific gravities of the batter while viscosities of the batter appeared with the saddle points. Analysis of the response indicated that the amount of saltwort was the most influential factor over the physical properties of the cake, among the dependent variables. Ordinary points of the surface responses from the cake formed the maximum points for loaf volume, hardness gumminess, and chewiness, while Hunter colorimetric parameters appeared with the saddle points. The result indicated that level of the saltwort deviating more or less from the optimal amount decreased the volume and increased the specific gravity with less tender product. Ordinary points of the surface responses of the sensory evaluation scores from the cake formed the maximum points for appearance, flavor, softness, and overall acceptability, while color values appeared with the saddle points. The result also indicated that the level of the saltwort deviating more or less from the optimal amount reduced the preference for the product. Integration of the optimum responses common to all dependent variables that overlapped all the contour maps finally indicated that the combination of 8.3~13.8 g saltwort, 2.5~6.6 g salt, and 486.5~511.5 g wheat flour under the selected preparation recipe optimized the physical and sensory properties in the teamed foam cakes. Practical preparation of the product with median amounts of the ingredients, i.e., 11.0 g saltwort, 4.6 g salt, and 499.0 g wheat flour resulted in similar qualities to the predicted responses. In conclusion, these study results indicated that preparation of steamed foam cake with added saltwort ingredient could potentially produce a more nutritious product with less salt. Further research is required to acquire the optimum levels for sub-ingredients to improve the product quality.

반응표면법을 이용한 DTF의 석탄 연소 안전성 평가

이의주 ( Eui Ju Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2015 한국안전학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The experimental design methodology was applied in the drop tube furnace (DTF) to predict the various combustion properties according to the operating conditions and to assess the coal plant safety. Response surface method (RSM) was introduced as a design of experiment, and the database for RSM was set with the numerical simulation of DTF. The dependent variables such as burnout ratios (BOR) of coal and CO/CO2 ratios were mathematically described as a function of three independent variables (coal particle size, carrier gas flow rate, wall temperature) being modeled by the use of the central composite design (CCD), and evaluated using a second-order polynomial multiple regression model. The prediction of BOR showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order polynomial multiple regression model with the simulation data. However, CO/CO2ratio had a big difference between calculated values and predicted values using conventional RSM, which might be mainly due to the dependent variable increses or decrease very steeply, and hence the second order polynomial cannot follow the rates. To relax the increasing rate of dependent variable, CO/CO2 ratio was taken as common logarithms and worked again with RSM. The application of logarithms in the transformation of dependent variables showed that the accuracy was highly enhanced and predicted the simulation data well.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 쌀 단백질 초고압 추출조건 최적화

라하나,박사라,김하윤,조용식,김경미 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.6

The purpose of this study was to optimize the rice protein extracted using a response surface methodology. Theexperiment was designed based on a CCD (Central Composite Design), and the independent variables were the highpressure (X1, 0-400 MPa) and processing time (X2, 0-10 minutes). The results of the extraction content (Y1), residue content(Y2), and recovery yield (Y3) were fitted to a response surface methodology model (R2= 0.92, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively). Increasing the pressure and processing time has a positive effect on the extraction content (Y1), residue content (Y2), andrecovery yield (Y3). Therefore, these high-pressure conditions (independent variables) can significantly affect theimprovement in rice protein extraction efficiency. Thus, the optimal conditions of X1 and X2 were 400 MPa and 10 min.,respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted values of Y1, Y2, and Y3 were 62.93, 57.53 mg/g, and 91.76%,respectively.

Response Surface Methodology를 이용한 숭어(Mugil cephalus) 반염건품의 개발

박권현,허민수,김진수 한국수산과학회 2015 한국수산과학회지 Vol.48 No.6

This study examined the optimal salting drying method and processing conditions (salt concentration, soaking time, dry temperature, and drying time) for preparing salted semi-dried common gray mullet (SSD-CGM) Mugil cephalus based on the moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance using response surface methodology (RSM). The moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance of SSD-CGM prepared with different salting methods revealed that dry salting was the optimal salting method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM. The optimal drying method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM based on the drying velocity and sensory color was hot air-blast drying. The results of the RSM program indicated that the optimal independent variables (X1, salt concentration; X2, soaking time; X3, dry temperature; X4, drying time) based on the dependent variables (Y1, moisture content; Y2, salinity; Y3, overall acceptance) for high-quality SSD-CGM were 5.6% for X1, 2.7 h for X2, 47.0°C for X3, and 8.5 h for X4 for uncoded values. The predicted values of Y1, Y2, and Y3 for SSD-CGM prepared under optimal conditions were 54.4%, 4.2%, and 6.3, respectively, while the experimental values were 55.2±1.0%, 4.1±0.3% and 6.7±0.8. The actual and predicted values did not differ.

Neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen by intranasal application of mucoadhesive nanoemulsion in MPTP induced Parkinson model

Surjyanarayan Mandal,Snigdha Das Mandal,Krishna Chuttani,Krutika K. Sawant,Bharat Bhushan Subudhi 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.1

This study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Ibuprofen by intranasal route against inflammationmediated by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mice model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ibuprofen loaded sodium hyaluronate based mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (MNEI) was developed by using response surface methodology (RSM) and was characterized. Male C57BL/6 mice were first treated with four intraperitoneal injections of MPTP (20 mg/kg of body weight) at 2 h intervals followed by Ibuprofen for 2 consecutive weeks at 2.86 mg/kg of body weight per day. Optimal MNEI containing 3 % Labrafil M 1944 CS as oil phase, 36 %of Accenon CC and Transcutol P at 3:1 ratio and 0.5 % sodium hyaluronate was stable, non-ciliotoxic with 46.3 ± 2.28 nm as average globule size PdI value and TEM result showed the narrow size distribution of MNEI. The result showed that all three independent variables had a significant effect (p\0.05) on the responses. In-vivo results revealed significant reduction of MPTP-mediated dopamine depletion after nasal administration of Ibuprofen through MNEI. MPTP intoxication significantly decreased striatal DA content to 29.92 % which was elevated to 58.21 % after Ibuprofen treatment using MNEI. Significant improvement in motor performance and gross behavioural activity of the mice was observed through the findings of rota-rod and open field test findings. Findings of the investigation revealed that Ibuprofen through developed MNEI was shown to protect neurons against MPTP-induced injury in the striatum and could be a promising approach to treat PD.

Dynamic Finite Element Analysis on Single Impact Plastic Deformation Behavior Induced by SMAT Process in 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy

Eser Yarar,A. Tamer Erturk,Sedat Karabay 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.8

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is a method that enhances the mechanical properties of metallic materialsby generating a thin nanostructured layer on the top surface. In this study, single-shot impact behavior was modeled for the7075-T6 aluminum alloy to reach maximum values of equivalent stress, plastic strain, deformation depth, residual stressdepth, and residual stress. Finite element simulations have been carried out to analyze the efect of selected parameters onstress and strains in the component. For simulating the SMAT process, a rigid sphere on a rectangular component is modeledusing ANSYS/AUTODYN explicit dynamic solver. The plastic deformation process during SMAT was analyzed accordingto shot velocity and diameter with a dynamic explicit fnite element method (FEM). The response surface methodologywas used to evaluate the parametric results for the SMAT process. In addition, deformation behavior was evaluated after asingle-shot impact according to the restitution coefcient.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 감귤건조칩 제조조건 최적화

라하나,박가영,김하윤,조용식,김경미 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

The purpose of this study was to optimize the mandarin dry chip manufacturing using a response surface methodology. The experiment was designed based on a CCD (Central Composite Design), and the independent variables were the dryingtemperature (X1, 50-90oC), drying time (X2, 12-36 hours), and microwave pretreat time (X3, 0-4 minutes). The results ofappearance (Y5), color (Y6), taste (Y8) and overall acceptance (Y10) were fitted to the response surface methodology model(R2=0.86, 0.88, 0.89, and 0.84, respectively). Increasing the drying temperature and microwave treatment time werenegatively evaluated for consumer acceptance. On the other hand, a high value of consumer acceptance was evaluatedwhen the drying time was more than 24 hr. Therefore, the optimal conditions of X1, X2, and X3 were 52.989oC, 24 hr, and1 min, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted values of Y5, Y6, Y8, and Y10 were 5.066, 5.338, 5.063,and 5.339, respectively.

Response Surface-Optimized Isolation of Essential Fatty Acids via Castor Oil Dehydration

Suratno Lourentius,Imanuel Anugerahwan,Brama Andika,Adriana Anteng Anggorowati,Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas,Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring,Wiyanti Fransisca Simanullang 대한화학회 2023 대한화학회지 Vol.67 No.1

The reaction conditions optimization, including the temperature of the reaction, amount of catalyst required, and reaction time for the linoleic acids (LAs) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) production by catalytic dehydration of cas- tor oil via saponification was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). It was confirmed that all three parame- ters (temperature, time, and amount of catalyst) were influential factors in isolating LAs and CLAs. When the temperature was increased, the iodine value increased, and the reaction time and catalyst amount increased. The optimal reaction conditions were: 240 ℃, 2.2 h reaction time, and 7 wt% catalyst amount. The maximum iodine value reached 156.25 with 91.69% con- version to the essential fatty acids

Application of response surface method as an experimental design to optimize coagulation–flocculation process for pre-treating paper wastewater

김성철 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.38 No.-

The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the pre-treatment of paper wastewaterwith polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as the coagulant and cationic polyacrylamide (c-PAM), as theflocculant in the coagulation–flocculation (CF) process. In addition, the three quadratic models of thethree factors of PAC dosage, PAM dosage, and pH were established with the chemical oxygen demand(COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) as three responses. The optimalconditions obtained from the compromise of the three desirable responses are PAC 3689 mg/L, PAM39.9 mg/L, and pH 5.4, respectively. From zeta potential measurement, it was concluded that chargeneutralization is the main mechanism of coagulation at slightly acid pH, and c-PAM is very effective inthe bridge effect. Additionally, the results offered a certain reference value for the practical application ofthe CF process using hybrid PAC and c-PAM in stabilized paper pretreatment for COD and TSS removal.