Immune Effect of Newcastle Disease Virus DNA Vaccine with C3d as a Molecular Adjuvant

( Kai Zhao ),( Xutong Duan ),( Lianwei Hao ),( Xiaohua Wang ),( Yunfeng Wang ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.11

Newcastle disease is a serious infectious disease in the poultry industry. The commercial vaccines can only offer limited protection and some of them are expensive and need adjuvants. At present, DNA vaccines are widely used. However, the immune responses induced by DNA vaccines are too slow and low. Here, we constructed the transfer vectors with a different number of C3d as molecular adjuvants (n = 1, 2, 4, or 6), and the vectors were cloned into the optimal eukaryotic expression plasmid (pVAXI-optiF) that expressed the F gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and named pVAXI-F(o)-C3d1, pVAXI -F(o)-C3d2, pVAXI-F(o)-C3d4, and pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6, respectively. Cell transfection test indicated that pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6 showed the highest expression. In vivo immunization showed that the chickens immunized with pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6 intramuscularly induced better immune responses than the chickens immunized with the other plasmids. The protective efficacy of pVAXI-F(o)-C3d6 was 80% after challenge with the highly virulent NDV strain F48E9. The results in this study showed that C3d6 could be used as a molecular adjuvant to quickly induce an effective immune response to control NDV.

DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Jin-Young Kim,Hyoung Jun Kim,Jeong Su Park,Se Ryun Kwon 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.10

Glycoprotein (G protein)-based DNA vaccines are effective in protecting aquaculture fish from rhabdoviruses but the degree of immune response they elicit depends on plasmid concentration and antigen cassette. Here, we developed a DNA vaccine using the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus G (VG) gene and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)a.2 regulated by the CMV promoter as the molecular adjuvant. After transfection of the prepared plasmid (pVG + CCL19) into epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells, mRNA expression was confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vaccine was intramuscularly injected into zebrafish (Danio rerio), and 28 days after immunization, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (105 TCID50/10 μl/fish) was intraperitoneally injected. A survival rate of 68% was observed in the pVG + CCL19 group but this was not significantly different from the survival rate of fish treated with pVG alone, that is, without the adjuvant. However, the expression of interferonand cytokine-related genes in the spleen and kidney tissues of zebrafish was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after immunization. Thus, CCL19a.2 induced an initial immune response as a molecular adjuvant, which may provide initial protection against virus infection before vaccination- induced antibody formation. This study provides insights on the functions of CCL19a.2 adjuvant in DNA vaccines.

In vitro 조건에 따른 molecular adjuvant의 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus 면역유전자 자극 효과

권문경(Mun-Gyeong KWON),황지연(Jee-Youn Hwang),서정수(Jung-Soo SEO),정승희(Sung-Hee JUNG) 한국수산해양교육학회 2015 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.5

Adjuvant is an immune enhancer commonly used during vaccination to enhance the host immune response. In the present study, we produced the several recombinant protein from immune related gene of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Especially, to produce the soluble type of recombinant protein, we constructed the MBP (Maltose binding protein) fusion G-CSF (Granulocyte colony stimulating factor) recombinant protein among the flounder immune related genes. To verify the immune stimulatory effect and safety of this recombinant protein (rPoGCSF), expression changes of several immune genes were tested using quantitative real-time PCR method with gene specific primer from flounder head kidney leukocytes. As a result, we confirmed that the rPoGCSF has an ability of immune stimulatory effect, also it has broad range of pH and temperature.

Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2021

박정열,이정윤,Yoo-Young Lee 대한부인종양학회 2022 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.33 No.2

In the 2021 series, we not only summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology but also added discussions to every part, based on communications at the conference. A review of cervical cancer included adjuvant treatments such as radiation and chemoradiation (concurrent or sequential) after radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced, recurrent, and metastatic disease. Ovarian cancer research included studies of secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinum- sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, and various trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and conventional chemotherapy. The rechallenge of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor maintenance in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer were also addressed. For uterine corpus cancer, dostarlimab (anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody) alone, or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in combination with pembrolizumab for advanced, metastatic, or recurrent endometrial cancer were reviewed. The survival differences between the intensive and minimalist follow-up protocols were also described. In this review, we compared salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy in terms of quality of life in BRCA 1 and 2 pathogenic variant carriers.

Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2020

이유영,최민철,박정열,서동훈,김재원 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.4

In 2020 series, we summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology with providing representative figures of the most influential study for 1 of each 3 gynecologic cancers: cervix, ovary, and uterine corpus. Review for cervical cancer covered targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, adjuvant radiation therapy or concurrent/sequential chemoradiation therapy after radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer, radical surgery in early cervical cancer; and prevention and screening. Ovarian cancer research included studies of various combinations of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and/or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors according to the clinical setting. For uterine corpus cancer, molecular classification upon which the decision of adjuvant treatments might be based, World Health Organization recommendation of 2-tier grading system (low grade vs. high grade), sentinel lymph node assessment and ovarian preservation in clinically early-stage endometrial cancer were reviewed. Molecular targeted agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors which showed promising anti-tumor activities in advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer were also included in this review.

Recent Advances in Adjuvant Therapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Jung Seop Eom, M.D., Ph.D.,Mi-Hyun Kim, M.D., Ph.D.,Soo Han Kim, M.D., Ph.D.,Min Ki Lee, M.D., Ph.D. 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2024 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.87 No.1

After the successful development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for the treatmentof advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these innovative treatmentoptions are rapidly being applied in the adjuvant setting for early-stage NSCLC. Some adjuvants that have recently been approved include osimertinib for epidermalgrowth factor receptor-mutated tumors and atezolizumab and pembrolizumab forselected patients with resectable NSCLC. Numerous studies on various targeted therapiesand immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy are currently ongoing in theadjuvant setting. However, several questions regarding optimal strategies for adjuvanttreatment remain unanswered. The present review summarizes the available literature,focusing on recent advances and ongoing trials with targeted therapy and immunotherapyin the adjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC.

Clinical Implementation of Precision Medicine in Gastric Cancer

Jeon, Jaewook,Cheong, Jae-Ho The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.3

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. Currently, clinical treatment decisions are mostly made based on the extent of the tumor and its anatomy, such as tumor-node-metastasis staging. Recent advances in genome-wide molecular technology have enabled delineation of the molecular characteristics of GC. Based on this, efforts have been made to classify GC into molecular subtypes with distinct prognosis and therapeutic response. Simplified algorithms based on protein and RNA expressions have been proposed to reproduce the GC classification in the clinical field. Furthermore, a recent study established a single patient classifier (SPC) predicting the prognosis and chemotherapy response of resectable GC patients based on a 4-gene real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. GC patient stratification according to SPC will enable personalized therapeutic strategies in adjuvant settings. At the same time, patient-derived xenografts and patient-derived organoids are now emerging as novel preclinical models for the treatment of GC. These models recapitulate the complex features of the primary tumor, which is expected to facilitate both drug development and clinical therapeutic decision making. An integrated approach applying molecular patient stratification and patient-derived models in the clinical realm is considered a turning point in precision medicine in GC.

Clinical Implementation of Precision Medicine in Gastric Cancer

Jae-Ho Cheong,Jaewook Jeon 대한위암학회 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.3

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. Currently, clinicaltreatment decisions are mostly made based on the extent of the tumor and its anatomy,such as tumor-node-metastasis staging. Recent advances in genome-wide moleculartechnology have enabled delineation of the molecular characteristics of GC. Based on this,efforts have been made to classify GC into molecular subtypes with distinct prognosis andtherapeutic response. Simplified algorithms based on protein and RNA expressions havebeen proposed to reproduce the GC classification in the clinical field. Furthermore, a recentstudy established a single patient classifier (SPC) predicting the prognosis and chemotherapyresponse of resectable GC patients based on a 4-gene real-time polymerase chain reactionassay. GC patient stratification according to SPC will enable personalized therapeuticstrategies in adjuvant settings. At the same time, patient-derived xenografts and patientderivedorganoids are now emerging as novel preclinical models for the treatment of GC. These models recapitulate the complex features of the primary tumor, which is expected tofacilitate both drug development and clinical therapeutic decision making. An integratedapproach applying molecular patient stratification and patient-derived models in the clinicalrealm is considered a turning point in precision medicine in GC.

StellaTUM: current consensus and discussion on pancreatic stellate cell research

Erkan, Mert,Adler, Guido,Apte, Minoti V,Bachem, Max G,Buchholz, Malte,Detlefsen, Sö,nke,Esposito, Irene,Friess, Helmut,Gress, Thomas M,Habisch, Hans-Joerg,Hwang, Rosa F,Jaster, Robert,Kleeff, J&ou BMJ Group 2012 Gut: journal of the British Society of Gastroenter Vol.61 No.2

Synergistic Effect of Electrical Ablation with Functional Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment

한준혁,이아름,김익환,한동근,박우람 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1

Recently developed electrical ablation (EA) is a tumor treatment technology that induces apoptotic cell death of cancer cells by giving pulsed electronic fields to desired areas without using thermal energy. Especially, the damaged cancer cells by the EA can generate damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to induce anti-cancer immune responses. In this study, we developed a combination therapy of EA and functional nanoparticles conjugated with immune adjuvants for improved cancer treatment efficacy. The nanoparticles were synthesized with core-shell structure and characterization by using TEM and DLS analyses. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that the synergistic effect of EA with the functional nanoparticles significantly increase anti-cancer immune responses. Taken all together, we conclude that the combination of EA with functional nanoparticles has strong potential for various incurable cancer treatments.