간호대학생의 가족기능적 특성과 성격과의 관계 연구

김인숙,강성심 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.2

Family is the most fundamental unit of organization in human socity and especially the family is the main source of personality in its members. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify families of nursing students in accordance with the Olson's circumplex model and to identify the relationship between family adaptability and family cohesion and nursing student's personality. Family adaptability and family cohesion are the mapr components in circumplex model. These two dimentions each have four levels, Combining the levels and dimentions allows identification of 16 specific types of family systems and 3 more general types (balanced, mid-range, and extreme). The data were collected from July 30 to August 7, 1991. The subjects in this study were 108 nursing students of C. University located in Kwang Ju City. The measurement instrument used were Olson's PACES(Family Adaptability Cohesion Evalution Scale) B and Jung's Personality Scale. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Analysis of the data were done using persentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The family's adaptability score were ranged from 12 to 28 with the average at 21.15. And the family's cohesion scores were ranged from 16 to 37 with the average at 27.84. 2. All of 14 distinct types of family system were identified. Among them, 'structurally separated types'(20 families, 18.5%) were the most and 'flexibly disengaged types' (1 family, 0.9%) were the least. 3. Deviding 16 unit typology into 3 basic group of types, 'balanced types'were 59 families(54.6%), 'mid-range types' were 27 fami1ies(25.0%), 'extreme types' were 22 families (20.4%) 4. General characteristics that related to the degree of family adaptability were mother's age (F=2.78, P<0.05), mother's health condition (F= 3.75, P<0.05) and mother's schoo1ing(F=5.56, P<0.05). 5. General characteristics that related to the degree of family cohesion were father's age(F=3.66, P<0.05), mother's age(F=3.35, P<0.05) mother's health condition(F=4.03, P<0.05) and mother's schooling (F= 7.04, P<0.05). 6. The 1st hypothesis, "there will be relationship between nursing student's family adaptability and personality", was supported. (r= -0.2639, P<0.05). 7. The 2nd hypothesis, "there will be relationship between nursing student's family cohesion and personality", was supported. (r=-0.3583, P<0.05).

한국전쟁 이후 가족화에 나타난 응집(應集)적 요소에 관한 연구

이태림 인문사회 21 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional characteristics of “cohesive elements” in family portraits after the Korean War. For this purpose, the investigator categorized family portraits by Bae Woon-seong and Jang Woo-seong before the Korean War and those by Lee Jung-seop, Jang Wook-jin, and Park Su-geun after the war according to “compositions”, “distance” and “gaze” of figures and measured cohesion among figures by applying the “family cohesion” dimension of the “Circumplex Model”. The comparison and analysis results of these two groups of family portraits show that family portraits after the Korean War recorded a very high level of cohesion compared with those before the war with prominent centralized nature in the composition, closer distance between family members, and family members looking at each other more. “Cohesive elements” in family portraits after the war were thus in a painting form representing family cohesion demanded to overcome the crisis caused by the war. They support “linear relationship,” which suggests that a family system of high cohesive power can operate functionally according to the cultural zones in the Circumplex Model, thus confirming the functionality. Introducing family functionality in the analysis of paintings, the present study will hopefully provide basic data for interdisciplinary fusion research to incorporate theories from different academic fields into the iconographical interpretations of art works. 본 연구는 한국전쟁 이후 가족화(家族畵)에 나타나는 ‘응집적요소’의 기능적 특성을 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국전쟁 이전의 배운성과 장우성의 가족화와 한국전쟁 이후 이중섭, 장욱진, 그리고 박수근의 가족화를 인물들이 이루는 ‘구도’와 ‘거리’, 그리고 ‘시선’으로 구분하여, 순환모델의 ‘가족응집성’ 차원을 적용하여 응집성을 측정해보았다. 두 가족화 집단을 분석한 결과 전후의 가족화는 전전의 가족화에 비해 구도 면에서 중앙집중적 성격이 두드러지고, 가족원 사이의 간격이 밀접해지며, 가족의 시선 역시 상호대면성이 증가하여 매우 높은 수준의 응집성을 나타내고 있었다. 따라서 전후의 가족화에 나타나는 ‘응집적요소’는 전쟁이 초래한 위기를 극복하기 위해 요구되었던 가족의 응집력을 표상한 회화형식으로, 순환모델에서 문화권에 따라 높은 응집력을 보이는 가족체계가 기능적으로 작용할 수 있다는 ‘직선적 관계’를 뒷받침함으로서 그 기능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 회화작품의 분석에 가족기능성을 도입한 본 연구가 향후 미술작품의 도상 해석에 타 학문과의 이론을 융합하는 학제 간 연구에 기초적 자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

간호대학생의 가족응집, 가족적응과 정신건강간의 관계연구

정영,나덕미 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.2

This is a cross-sectional survey for identifying the level of family cohesion, family adaptability, and female students' mental health and their relationships, and their family type. Subjects of this survey were 150 female students, attending a nursing dept. of a university. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Analysis of the data were done using persentage, mean, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows; The family's cohesion scores were ranged from highest: 37 points, lowest: 13 point on 40 points scale. The family's adaptability scores were ranged from highest: 39 points, lowest: 13 points on 40 points scale. And the female student's mental health score were ranged from highest: 67 points, lowest: 23 points on 80 points scale. The types of families were identified as 7 types like these; chaotically connected ones, chaotically enmeshed ones, flexibly enmeshed ones, structurally disengaged ones, structurally connected ones. Among these, flexibly connected one was the most frequent type. The first hypothesis, "there is a relationship between the scores of female student's family cohesion, measured by family cohesion-family adaptability measurement tooKFACES Ⅲ), and their mental health score, measured by Cornell Medical Index" was supported, (r = -0.3266, p = .001) The second hypothesis, "there is a relationship between the scores of famale student's family adaplability, measured by family cohesionUfamily adaptability measurement tool(FACES Ⅲ) and their mental health score, measured by Cornell Medical Index" was surpported.(r = -0.2948, P = .003)

일부 고3여학생 가족의 기능적 특성과 불안과의 관계

노소영,나덕미 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1997 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.22 No.2

Family is the most fundamental unit of organization in human society and especially the family influence on the mental health of its numbers. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify the type of families of girl's high school students in accordance with the Olson's circumplex model and to identify the relationship among family adaptability ' family cohesion, family satisfaction and anxiety level. Family adaptability and family cohesion are the major components in circumplex model. These two dimensions each have four levels, Combining the levels and dimensions allows identification of 16 specific types of family systems and 3 more general types (balanced, mid-range and extreme). The data were collected in November, 20th, 1995. The subjects in this study were 326 students of girl's high school located in Iksan city. The instruments used were Olson's FACES(Fami1y Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale) DI and Family Satisfaction and Spielberger's STAI. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Ananlysis of the data were done using persentage, mean, t-test, One-way ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The family's adaptability scores were ranged from 6 to 48 with the average at 24.04 (S.D. 6.39). The family's cohesion scores were range from 6 to 50 with the average at 32.12 (S.D. 7.65). The family's satisfation scores were range from 2 to 69 with the average at 46.61 (S.D. 10.17). 2. The anxiety scores were range from 32 to 82 with the average at 56.51 (S.D, 8.39). 3. All of 15 distinct types of family system were identified. Among them, 'Structurally Connected type'(60 families, 30.5%)were the most and 'Chaotically Enmeshed types'd family, 1.9%) were the least. 4. Deviding 15 unit typology into 3 basic group of types, 'balanced types' were 197 fami1ies(54.4%), 'mid-range types' were Ill fami1ies(30.7%). 'extreme types' were 54 fami1ies(14.9%). 5. General characteristics that related to the degree of family adaptability were father's age(F=3.20, P=.00D, re1igion(F=2.88, p=.023), schooling (F=3,38, p=.018) and mother's schoo1ing(F=4.24, p=.005) and family number(F=4.61, p=.001). 6. General characteristics that related to the degree of family cohesion were family number(F=5.19, p=.000). 7. General charateristics that related to the degree of family satisfaction were father's age(F=2.72, p=.006) and health condition(F=4.10, p=.003), mother's health condition (F=3.78, p=.005) and types of dwe11ing(F=6.09, p=.014). 8. General charateristics that related to the degree of anxiety level were father's health condition(F=5.03, p=.000), mother's health condition(F=2.64, p=.034), mother's schoo1ing(F=3.52, p=.014), family income(F=5.39, p=.005). 9. The 1st hyphothesis, "There would be relationship between family adaptability and anxiety level of the 3rd grade of girl's high school student", was supported(r=-0.1789, p=0.000). 10. The 2nd hypothesis, "There would be relationship between family cohesion and anxiety level of the 3rd grade of girl's high school student", was supported (r=-0.2762, p=0.000). 11. The 3nd hypothesis, "There would be relationship between family satisfaction and anxiety level of the 3rd grade of girl's high school student", was supported(r=0.4094, p=0.000).

도시숲을 활용한 주말 산림치유 프로그램이 가족응집력과 가족관계 향상에 미치는 영향 및 부모 만족도

박숙현,박봉주 한국산림휴양복지학회 2018 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weekend forest healing programs using urban forest on family cohesion and family relationship improvement and parental satisfaction with programs. 21 families (65 people)participated in the weekend forest healing program in Incheon Grand Park from April to August 2018. The program using family forest experience activity and forest healing therapy was newly constructed and implemented with 4 times 8 hours for 2 hours each week. The results of this study is that weekend forest healing programs for family gave a positive effect on family cohesion and family relationship, and parents’ satisfaction showed high satisfaction in most items. Therefore, we concluded that forest healing activities are suitable for effective healing activities in modern society where functions such as family cohesion and emotional bond are recognized as important by improving family cohesion and family relationship. Further research should be extended to different types of families, and the development of diverse and interesting family-experience forest healing programs that reflect family needs should continue. 본 연구는 도시숲을 활용한 주말 회기형 산림치유 프로그램이 가족 응집력과 가족관계 향상에 미치는효과와 프로그램에 대한 부모의 만족도를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 2018년 4월부터 8월까지 인천대공원에서 진행되는 주말 산림치유 프로그램에 참가한 가족 21팀(65명)을 대상으로 하였고, 주1회 2시간씩 총 4회 8시간으로 가족 숲체험 활동과 산림치유요법을 활용한 프로그램을 새롭게 구성하여 실행하였다. 연구결과 주말 가족대상 산림치유 프로그램은 가족응집력 및 가족관계 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며, 부모의 만족도 분석 결과 대부분의항목에서 높은 만족도를 보였다. 따라서 산림치유활동은 가족의 응집력 및 가족관계를 개선함으로써 가족의 결속이나 정서적 유대와 같은 기능이 중요하게 인식되는 현대사회에 효과적인 치유활동으로 적합하다는 결론을 도출하였다. 추후 연구에서는 다양한 형태의 가족을 대상으로 확대 시행하며, 가족의 요구를 반영한 다양하고 흥미로운 가족체험 산림치유 프로그램 개발이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

조손가정 가족원의 자아존중감과 가족기능 향상을 위한 가족미술치료 사례연구

박윤미,전수경 한국미술치료학회 2014 美術治療硏究 Vol.21 No.5

This study conducted a family art therapy targeting family members who live with grandparents sinceparents’ divorce and runaway in order to verify the effects the family art therapy on the improvementof the self-esteem, the family cohesion and the adaptability of family members from thegrandparent-grandchildren families. Family members from an impoverished grandparent-grandchildren familywho has requested consultation with a J family support center located in Y-gu, Seoul, was selected as aresearch subject. The subject with her grandmother (age 60) and younger sister (age 13) joined a total of 11sessions of the art therapy once a week for 90 minutes each from September to December, 2009. In orderto verify the effects of the program, the study evaluated problems through the interviews with the researchsubject, and conducted the ex-ante and the ex-post tests using Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and The FamilyCohesion and Adaptability Evaluation Scales Ⅲ (FACES-Ⅲ). The study also carried out a qualitative analysison activities related to the self-esteem, the family adaptability and the family cohesion as well as a processof how behaviors change through each session. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. First,the family art therapy was observed to have a positive influence for it has improved the self-esteem offamily members from the grandparent-grandchildren family. Second, the family art therapy was understoodto have an effect for it has enhanced the family cohesion and adaptability of family members from thegrandparent-grandchildren family. Third, in terms of the patterns of the self-esteem, the family cohesion andthe adaptability throughout the sessions, the study confirmed positive changes in those patterns. In the lightof that, the study understands how efficient the family art therapy is at enhancing the self-esteem and thefamily function of family members from the grandparent-grandchildren families. 본 연구는 부모의 이혼과 가출로 부모 없이 조모와 함께 살고 있는 조손가정 가족원에게 가족미술치료를 적용하여, 조손가정 가족원의 자아존중감과 가족응집력 및 적응력 향상에 있어 가족미술치료의 효과성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울시 Y구에 소재한 J 가족지원센터에 상담의뢰를 한 빈곤조손가정의 가족원이며, 2009년 9월부터 12월에 걸쳐 J 가족지원센터 내 상담실에서 주 1회(총 11회), 회기당 90분씩 총 11회기의 가족미술치료를 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 면담을 통한 문제의 평가를 하였고, 자아존중감척도(Self-Esteem Scale: SES)와 가족적응력 및 응집력 척도(The Family Cohesion and Adaptability EvaluationScales Ⅲ: FACES-Ⅲ)를 사전 사후검사를 실시하였으며 회기별 자아존중감과 가족적응력 및 응집력 관련 활동및 행동변화과정 등을 질적 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족미술치료는 조손가정 가족원의 자아존중감을 향상시켜 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족미술치료는 조손가정 가족원의가족응집력 및 적응력을 향상시켜 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 회기별 진행과정에 따른 자아존중감과가족응집력 및 적응력의 양상에서도 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 가족미술치료가 조손가정가족원의 자아존중감과 가족기능을 향상시키는데 효과적이었음을 알 수 있다.

한국전쟁 이후 가족화(家族畵)에 나타난 '원형(圓形)적 요소'

이태림 한국일러스아트학회 2020 조형미디어학 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of the dissertation is to define the purpose of the circular patterns which started to commonly appear within the family portraits in the post-Korean War era. In order to achieve this, the author applied “Family cohesion” theory that measures the functionality of the family within “Olson’s Circumplex Modeling”, then analyzed Eunsung Bae, Woosung Jang, and Gunhong Yim representing Pre-Korean War Family Portraits, and from the Post-Korean War era, family portraits by Joongseob Lee, Ucchin Jang, and Soogeun Park were also analyzed. After reviewing the paintings in the basis of the Pre and Post Korean War groups, by analyzing the formal aspects of the drawing, which include “composition of the characters”, “postures of the characters”, “facial expressions of the characters”, the author concluded that the pattern of Circularity as a mean to emphasize the cohesion and unity of the family with the introduction of the circular composition, the circular elements within the Post-Korean War-era family portraits. Therefore the original function of the family portraits, which was to record the true reality of the family, now transferred to emphasize the cohesion of the family, which is a social aspect of a drawing. Art is a social product of complex social factors. The change shows how Korean society tried to overcome the hardships of the Korean War which destroyed everything through the cohesion of the family. Therefore the Circularity within the Post-Korean War era’s family portraits, as a painting style, conveys and proves that the “linear hypothesis” of the circular model functions better under the highly cohesive family systems. This study is meaningful in that it attempted to analyze through interdisciplinary approaches by introducing a theory that measures the family function of family studies in the interpretation of art drawings. The method of interpretation of family painting through various theories of humanities can be explored through verifying the painting techniques and styles. 본 연구는 한국근대미술에서 한국전쟁 이후 ‘가족화(家族畵)’에 공통적으로 나타나는 ‘원형(圓形)적 요소’의 기능적 특성을 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 한국전쟁 이후에 등장하는 전후(戰後)가족화는 가족초상화의 본래적 기능으로서 기록성이 가족 간의 결속력을 강조하는 이미지로 변화되는 양상을 보인다. 이러한 결속적 이미지의 분석을 위해 가족의 기능성을 측정하는 대표적 척도의 하나인 ‘가족응집성(Family cohesion)’ 개념을 도입하여, 한국전쟁 이전의 가족화를 대표하는 배운성과 장우성, 그리고 임군홍의 ‘가족화’와 한국전쟁 이후의 가족화를 대표하는 이중섭과 장욱진, 그리고 박수근의 ‘가족화’ 도상을 분석하였다. 두 가족화 집단을 도상의 형식적 측면에서 인물들이 이루는‘구도’와 인물들의 ‘자세’, 그리고 ‘얼굴모습’으로 나누어 고찰한 결과, 전후가족화는 형식면에서 공통적으로 ‘원형적 요소’를 내포하고 있었으며, 이 요소들은 매우 높은 ‘밀착’수준의 응집성을 나타내고 있었다. 따라서 ‘전후가족화’에 나타나는 ‘원형적 요소’는 당대에 위기를 극복하기 위해 요구되었던 가족 간의 높은 응집력을 표상하는 ‘회화적 표현형식’으로, 문화권에 따라 높은 응집력을 보이는 가족체계가 더욱 기능적으로 작용할 수 있다는 측면에서 순환모델(Circumplex Model)의 ‘직선적 가설(linear hypothesis)’을 뒷받침하였다. 본 연구는 미술작품 도상 해석에 있어 가족학의 가족의 기능성을 측정하는 이론을 도입하여 학제 간 접근을 통한 분석을 시도하였다는 것에 의의가 있다. 이를 통하여 앞으로 가족화의 도상 해석에 인문학의 다양한 이론들을 회화적으로 검증하는 방법이 탐색될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

치매노인 주부양자의 부양부담과 가족응집력에 관한 연구

이현경(Lee Hyun Kyung),조춘범(Cho Choon Bum),이 현(Lee Hyun) 한국가족학회 2018 가족과 문화 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 빠르게 고령화 사회로 전환하면서 증가하는 치매노인과 이로부터 파생되는 치매노인 주부양자의 부담문제, 가족갈등 및 해체에 문제의식을 갖고 연구를 진행하였다. 이에 본 연구는 치매노인 주부양자의 부양부담이 가족응집력에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 이 관계가 전개되는 경로와 이를 조절하기 위한 방안을 탐구하기 위해 부양스트레스의 매개효과와 비공식 사회적 지원의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 분석을 위하여 안양, 군포, 의왕, 과천에 소재하고 있는 노인의료복지시설을 대상으로 치매노인을 부양하고 있는 주부양자에 대하여 조사연구를 진행하였다. 응답된 설문 228부를 최종 분석 자료로 활용하여 부양자들의 특성 및 주요변수들의 실태를 알아보고자 빈도분석과 기술통계를 실시하였고 모형검증에는 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주부양자의 부양부담은 가족응집력에 대하여 부적으로 유의한 것으로 나타나 부양부담이 증가할수록 가족응집력이 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 주부양자의 부양부담과 가족응집력의 관계에서 부양스트레스가 완전매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주부양자의 부양부담과 가족응집력의 관계에서 비공식 사회적 지원이 조절효과를 나타내고 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 주부양자의 부양부담과 부양스트레스를 감소시키고, 부양가족의 가족응집력 및 비공식 사회적 지원을 향상하기 위한 정책적, 실천적 방안을 제시하였다. This study was carried out in the light of the family conflict and family disruption caused by the burden of the caregivers who support the elderly with dementia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of caregiver’s burden on family cohesion. Also, we verified the mediating effect of stress and the moderating effect of informal social support in the association. We conducted the survey in seven elderly nursing homes, seven day care centers for the elderly, twenty community care centers in Anyang, Gunpo, Uiwang and Gwacheon. Total 227 cases were used in the analysis with SPSS 23 for identifying prevalence and verifying hypothesis. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the caregiver’s burden was negatively related to family cohesion, indicating that family cohesion decreased as the burden of care increased. Second, the stress was verified to have the full mediating effect between the caregiver’s burden and the family cohesion. Third, the informal social support showed the moderating effect on the relationship between caregiver’s burden and family cohesion. Based on these results, we suggested that 1) expansion of social services to share responsibility for the care and nursing of the elderly with dementia, 2) provision of the leisure programs to reduce the stress of caregivers, 3) developing the program for the caregiver and their family to improve the family cohesion, and 4) developing the program to boost informal social support of the caregivers.

가족체계유형과 청소년의 자아분화 및 심리 사회적 적응간의 관계 - 가족응집성의 문화적 특성을 중심으로 -

최인재 한국청소년학회 2009 청소년학연구 Vol.16 No.4

The present study explored the relationship among family system types, adolescent's self-differentiation and psycho-social adjustment. Participants for this study were 297 high school students. The results of this study as follows. First, family cohesion and self-differentiation showed positive correlation, whereas negative correlations with depression and interpersonal sensitivity. Secondly, There were significant differences in self-differentiation, depression and interpersonal sensitivity according to degree of family cohesion. That is family cohesion showed linear relations with self-differentiation, depression and interpersonal sensitivity. Lastly, for the adolescent's self-differentiation and psycho-social adjustment family cohesion was found to be significant predictor variable. Implications of the current study were discussed. 이 연구는 가족체계유형과 청소년기 자녀의 심리 사회적 발달과 적응 간에 어떠한 관계가 있는지 가족체계유형 중 가족응집성을 중심으로 검토해 보고자 하였다. 조사대상은 서울 및 지방소재 고등학교에 재학중인 297명(남: 159명, 여:138명)의 고등학생이었다. 연구결과에 대한 요약은 다음과 같다. 먼저 가족응집성, 자아분화, 우울 및 대인예민 간의 관계에서 가족응집성과 자아분화 간에 높은 정적상관관계가 나타났고, 가족응집성과 우울 및 대인예민과는 부적상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 가족응집성의 수준에 따라 자아분화, 우울 및 대인예민에 대한 차이를 분석한 결과 응집성 수준이 높을수록 자아분화 수준이 높은 것으로 나타나 서구의 연구결과들과는 달리 직선적 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 우울과 대인예민에 대한 집단간 차이분석에서는 유리집단보다 밀착집단에서 우울이나 대인예민 수준이 낮게 나타났다. 마지막으로 가족응집성을 예언변인으로 하고 자아분화, 우울 및 대인예민을 준거변인으로 하여 가족응집성의 영향력을 검토한 결과 가족응집성이 자아분화를 유의하게 설명하는 변인으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 가족응집성은 서구나 국내에서 모두 청소년들의 자아분화와 심리․사회적 적응을 설명하는 중요한 변인이나, 가족응집성의 수준에 따른 관련변인들에 대한 문화 간 차이는 가족구성원 간에 경험하는 관계의 질적 측면이 문화에 따라 서로 다름을 시사한다.

FACESⅢ를 이용한 대가족과 핵가족의 가족기능

김석진,이칠성,이규호,강징원,박찬욱,박영룡 大韓家庭醫學會 1994 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.15 No.9-10