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장승환 ( Seung Hwan Jang ),김대현 ( Dae Hyun Kim ),변보석 ( Bo Suk Byun ) 대한설비관리학회 2015 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.20 No.3
This paper demonstrates the result of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) allocation for Honam KTX Train Control System (TCS), by applying the semi-quantitative approach. TCS is defined in this paper as the set of TVM SEI, Supplementary Safety Equipment, Power Equipment, TCS Integrated Maintenance System (TIMS), and Local Control Panel (LCP). SIL allocation is performed for these constituent subsystems of TCS. Three approaches for SIL allocation being widely used in railway application are compared in terms of the conservativeness of the allocation result; qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative methods. The semi-quantitative method, based on the risk matrix and the relationship between Tolerable Hazard Rate (THR) and SIL, is less pessimistic than the qualitative method, but more conservative than the quantitative method, in the sense that it utilizes more information (e.g., risk reduction factors involved in the hazard occurrence) than the qualitative method which purely depends on the configuration of Risk Graph. Based on three principles of the semi-quantitative method, the SIL allocation process is performed for the subsystems composing TCS.
반 정량 식품빈도 조사법 (SQFFQ)과 24시간 회상법을 이용한 영양평가 Software 개발
이상아,이경신,김형숙,이해정,최혜미 대한지역사회영양학회 2002 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.7 No.4
The purpose of this study was to develop a computer software program for nutritional assessment using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQs) and the 24-hour Recall Method. The software for the SQFFQ was divided into input, output, and database. For dietary analyses, recipe and food databases were used. The recipe database included 25 items and the food database was divided into 18 food groups. The food database was composed of 19 general nutrient items, 33 fatty acids, and 18 amino acids. The software developed in this study can be summarized as follows: 1) input items related to the individual s ages information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary habits; 2) individualized data in percent of the Korean RDA, the energy ratios of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes; 3) Statistical data on the individual's information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary intakes including the frequency of intake of cooked foods, the amounts of food, and the number of food groups, and nutrients. In the 24-hour Recall Method, the input and output consisted of the individual s information and cooked dish intakes. The individual s report included the amounts of nutrient intake according to number of meal and days, in comparison to the Korean RDA, the energy ratio for carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes. The statistical report presented the number of food groups and foods, and the nutrient intakes. To evaluate the validity of the SQFFQ, the Spearman Rank Order Correlation and kappa values were used. As a result, correlation coefficients comparing the 24-hour Recall Method appeared to be more than 0.5, except for vitamin $B_1, B_2$, niacin, and vitamin E. The kappa values for energy and carbohydrate intakes were both 0.7, and protein, fat, vitamin C, folate, Ca, and iron intakes ranged from 0.3 to 0.7.
임국환,오용식 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.46 No.2
Due to the global epidemic of infectious diseases, it has become important for all industries to respond to the risk of infectious diseases. Ports in each country are also responding to the risk of infectious diseases, but the occurrence of infectious diseases in ports of various countries is causing a lot of damage to the logistics of ports. Korea is in the same situation, and cases of infectious diseases in ports are steadily being announced. Therefore, this paper conducted semi-quantitative Bow-Tie risk assessment by substituting measures to cope with infectious disease risks in Korean ports into actual cases of port infectious diseases in Korea, deriving improvements and suggesting directions. As a result, it was concluded that it was necessary to standardize some of the countermeasures against infectious diseases and develop more countermeasures.
Young-Hun Kim,신동일,Won So,윤인섭 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.6
The physical properties of dimethylether (DME) are similar to conventional fuels such as LPG and diesel,so DME has been recently considered one of the most promising candidates for a substitute for them. Equipment failures in gas stations lead to accidents that pose significant threats to people and property. Therefore, prior to commercialization,safety standards for DME need to be developed based on risk analysis. In this study, we focused on safety distance in DME filling stations. A hypothetical DME filling station was modeled based on a DME-LPG mixed filling station designed by KOGAS, and safety distances were suggested from a semi-quantitative risk estimation approach using individual risk calculations. Modified individual risk calculations were performed with consequence analysis and failure mode under varying accident scenarios. Compared with existing individual risk analysis, the modified-individual risk approach is supplemented with a weighting factor to graduate each accident scenario by historical analysis. Subsequently, the outcome shows the individual risk that suggests a safety distance. To compare with conventional fuel, we also performed a comparative study on the filling station fuels LPG and DME. According to the quantitative risk estimation results, we propose a separation distance based on accident scenarios for each facility. In conclusion,safe distances for DME facilities are lower than those that dispense LPG. Therefore, a DME filling unit can be placed at conventional gas stations without increasing the safety distance. The results will also be useful in determining the standard for safety management of renewable and sustainable energy.
아민함유 유기화합물의 TLC 상 유도체화 반응물에 대한 반 정량적 TLC-Image 분석 방법의 비교
김연수,최성운 한국과학수사학회 2013 과학수사학회지 Vol.7 No.4
아민 함유 유기화합물을 유도체화 시약 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl)와 박막 크로마토그래피(TLC) 상에서 직접 반응시켜 생성된 유도체에 대한 반 정량법의 확립을 위한 예비 실험으로, 2종의 TLC image 분석 프로그램, ImageJ와 CP Atlas 2.0을 비교하였다. 유기합성을 통해 얻은 대조 물질(R1, R2)의 농도 0.01-1mg/mL (2 μL per spot)에 대한 선형상관관계는 2종 image 분석 프로그램 모두 유사한 선형상관관계를 보였다(r2 > 0.993). TLC상 유도체화 직접반응의 재현성 분석 결과에서는 2종 프로그램 모두 유사한 표준편차를 나타내어 이들 프로그램의 반 정량법으로서의 사용 가능성을 보였다(RSD= 2.0 - 4.4%). ImageJ는 CP Atlas 2.0에 비하여 낮은 농도의 TLC상 spots에 대해 구분이 가능한 peak를 보여 감도가 높음을 보였다. 그러나 대조물질 농도별 peaks의 분석에서는 CP Atlas 2.0이 비교적 낮은 background noise를 보여 상대적으로 용이한 작업과 낮은 표준편차를 보였다. 결국 낮은 농도의 spots에 대하여서는 ImageJ를 높은 농도의 spots에 대해서는 CP Atlas 2.0의 프로그램을 사용하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.