천연 염료의 염색 특성에 관한 연구(II)-매염제와 혼합 염색을 이용한 색상 다양화-

임경율,전택진,윤기종,엄성일 한국섬유공학회 2001 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.38 No.11

To obtain a full range of colors on cotton, wool and silk fabrics with natural dyes, mordanting and combination dyeing were carried out. Tannic acid and metal compounds containing copper, tin, iron, nickel, chrome and alum were used as mordanting agents. Palmatin, red wood and natural indigo dyes were used as the three primary colors for combination dyeing. After mordanting, the colors of fabrics dyed with natural dyes changed. In combination dyeing of palmatin/red wood and palmatin/natural indigo, the two component natural dyes showed good miscibility in dye bath and various colors were obtained according to the content of dyes used. In combination dyeing of red wood and natural indigo, the various colors were not obtained due to gelation in dyebath. This problem could be solved by dyeing with indigo, mordanting then dyeing with red wood. Violet color was obtained by alum mordanting and gromwell dyeing. The expansion of color range of natural dyes by mordanting and combination dyeing has been demonstrated.

Inhibition of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Brain by Dietary Inclusion of Red Dye Extracts from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Stem

Ganiya Oboh,Toyin L. Akomolafe,Abayomi O. Adetuyi 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.5

The stem of sorghum is used as color additives in cooking meals and taken as beverages when steeped or boiled in water as folklore for the management of anemia and some other diseases. This study sought to assess the antioxidant and neuroprotective potentials of red dye extract from sorghum stem on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Wistar strain albino rats were fed diet supplemented with the red dye (0.5% and 1.0% inclusion) for 14 days. There was no significant difference (P>.05) in average feed intake and weight gain of rats fed the basal diet and the red dye-supplemented diet. However, intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (75mg/kg of body weight) 24 hours prior the termination of the experiment caused a significant (P<.05) increase in the brain malondialdehyde (MDA) content and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in those rats fed diet without the dye supplement, whereas there was a significant decrease (P<.05) in brain MDA content and serum enzyme activities in rats fed diet with the dye in a concentration-dependent manner. The protective effect of the red dye against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress could be attributed to the high phenolic content (56.2%) and antioxidant activities of the red dye as typified by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging ability, reducing properties, and Fe2+ chelating ability. Therefore, dietary inclusion of the red dye from sorghum stem could be harnessed in the management of neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.

한국 천연염색 소재의 색채 분석과 색채 이미지 특성- 황색계와 적색계를 중심으로-

양정희,박혜원 한국복식학회 2023 服飾 Vol.73 No.2

This study dealt with the characteristics of color images by identifying color values and became the basis for a design planning strategy for Korean natural dyeing materials. For this, an empirical study was con- ducted on 555 yellow and red natural dyeing materials as well as the characteristics of color images using the Pantone Color System, to use the results for color analysis and practices, such as H V/C and PCCS. The colors of yellow natural dyeing materials were analyzed from the Y, YR, and GY series; all appeared mostly from the Y series except cotton and rayon textiles. The colors of red natural dyeing materials were analyzed from the R, YR, and RP series. The R series showed prominent distribution in all fabrics. Yellow and red natural dyeing tones were distributed in various tones. The middle tones were prominent in both colors with light pastel tones frequently appearing, while clear tones were found in the red colors. The im- age scale of yellow natural dyeing materials often appeared in the order of soft-static, hard-static, and soft-dy- namic, but hard-dynamic rarely appeared. The image scale of red natural dyeing materials often appeared in the order of soft-dynamic, soft-static, hard-dynamic, and hard-static. While the adjective ‘natural’ appeared a lot for both yellow and red natural dyeing materials, adjectives such as ‘gentle’ and ‘elegant’ appeared many times in the analysis of yellow, showing high distribution in the soft-static zone. In contrast, adjectives such as ‘splendid’ and ‘cheerful’ appeared many times in the analysis of red, showing high distribution in the soft-dy- namic zone. It will be possible to develop fashion products that incorporate sophistication and trendiness based on the differences in colors, tones, and images of natural dyeing. The research will contribute to product and color planning across various industries that use natural Korean dyeing materials.

대나무 실리카와 레드비트 추출물의 모발용 염색성에 관한 연구

문승재 ( Seung-jae Moon ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2021 공학기술논문지 Vol.14 No.4

Recently, as well-being and natural health have become a social trend, there is a tendency to prefer natural ingredients rather than chemical ingredients for hair dye. Natural dyes do not contain toxic substances and harmful ingredients, so they are safe for the human body and restore scalp and hair damaged by general dyeing and perming. In this study, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and anthocyanin content of red beet extract, a natural pigment, were measured. In order to increase the dyeability, silica was extracted from bamboo stem, mixed with the red beet extract, and used as a collecting agent. After dyeing artificial hair with the red beet extract, the dye ability of each sample was compared using a colorimeter. The results of a color difference test confirmed that the red beet extract had very good dyeing properties for all human hair, and the dye ability was different depending on the type of mordant and the treatment time. In particular, the color difference of FeSO₄ mordant was high. Therefore, as a natural dye that can replace chemical dyes, red beet extract is a very useful bio material.

전문가용 염색 차트의 적색 염색모 비교 연구: A사, M사, L사를 중심으로

황수경,천수경,박은준 한국인체미용예술학회 2024 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.25 No.3

. In recent times, the hair coloring market has undergone rapid changes and expansion. Yet, beauty salon professionals have encountered challenges in attaining the desired hair colors. Due to a scarcity of relevant research, this study aimed to quantify the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of red-dyed hair using the hair color charts of a prominent hair dye brand from various countries, aiming to delineate any discrepancies. Additionally, it sought to enhance beauty salon workers' comprehension of red-dyed hair and red dyes, ultimately contributing to the beauty industry by improving customer satisfaction. The study employed a chroma meter (CR-400) for color comparison, manufactured by Konica Minolta (Tokyo, Japan). Subsequently, the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values from the hair color charts of Companies A, M, and L were each measured five times. These measurements were then comparatively analyzed using means and standard deviations. Specifically, after selecting red-dyed hair with a level of 8 or higher on the hair color chart from each brand, means were calculated. Subsequently, the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of the hair dyes from Companies A, M, and L were compared. In terms of red expression, Company A showed the highest levels, while Company L exhibited high levels of both redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) in virgin hair. This study is limited as it only covered three companies (A, M, and L) and investigated samples from the red-dyed hair chart exclusively. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the study results will contribute to the growth and development of the Korean beauty industry. This can be achieved by enhancing customer trust and providing better services through uncovering differences among hair coloring brands and discovering the colors customers prefer.

Transparent quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells sensitized with naturally derived pigment extracted from red seaweed

Andreas Rapsomanikis,Dimitra Sygkridou,Evangelos Voutsinas,Elias Stathatos 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.6

Red seaweeds collected at Kefallinia Greek Island are examined for the first time as possible sensitizers in third generation photovoltaic cells. In particular, red seaweeds were collected and different solvents were used to extract their pigment through a simple procedure, in order to be used as a natural sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells. The dye solution with enhanced absorption in the visible spectrum was submitted to further absorption tests, where different pH and dye solution's temperature were tested to determine whether it affects the amount of the adsorbed dye on nanocrystalline TiO2 films. Solutions made with natural dye extracted from red algae in different solvents were used for the sensitization of TiO2 photoanodes and fabrication of quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells some of which exhibited very satisfactory results compared with the published values so far of other seaweed dyes. The solar cells were examined in terms of JeV characteristic curves under simulated solar illumination and the best performing ones were also tested under dark conditions, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to evaluate electrodes and electrolyte interfaces. The optimal results were obtained for an acidic dye solution (pH ¼ 3) and for pigment's solution temperature of 35 C where cells showed a short circuit current density of 1.26 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.66 V.

고문헌 고증을 통한 한국의 홍색계 전통 염색 및 전통 색상의 특성 고찰(I) -고문헌 고찰을 통한 홍색계 전통 염색-

박위자,김광수,김성동,박종호,고준석,Park, Wee-Ja,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Kim, Sung-Dong,Park, Jong-Ho,Koh, Joon-Seok 한국섬유공학회 2007 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.44 No.4

This work aims to reproduce and characterize the traditional red color by investigating old documents. Various traditional red color which has been used in traditional costumes was investigated. So-Hong, Mok-Hong, Dae-Hong, Ban-Hong, and Chun-Hong were chosen and their spectral properties, dyeing properties and color properties were compared. Mordants and auxiliaries changed the hue, lightness, chromaticity and color strength of the dyed fabrics with natural red dyes. However, the influence of dyeing temperature and time on the dyeing properties was relatively small. The redness value ($+a^*$) of the natural dyeings was in order of Dae-Hong, Mok-Hong, So-Hong, Chun-Hong and Ban-Hong. The color gamut of Dae-Hong and Chun-Hong was limited to the small color coordinate area while that of Ban-Hong was distributed widely over the color coordinates.

식용 Azo 색소가 Hepatic Azo Reductase에 미치는 영향과 Flavin의 효과

윤혜정,원형란 한국식품위생안전성학회 1987 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.2 No.1

식품의 상품화에 따라 식품 첨가물의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 식품 첨가물로서 색소는 고유의 색소를 보존하기 어려운 식품에 따라 사용되며 tar 색소, 식물성 색소 및 광물성 색소로 나눌 수 있는데 tar 색소는 독성이 강한 것이 많으므로 현재 15종만이 법적으로 허용되어 있다. 이중 azo 화합물인 amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red에 대하여 흰 주위 hepatic azo reductase의 활성을 측정 비교하였고 이에 대한 flavin의 효과를 보았다. 1. Amaranth를 기질로 사용하여 kinetic constants $Km=645\;\mu\textrm{M}$, Vmax=50 n mol/min/mg protein의 값을 얻었다. 2. Amaranth의 농도를 일정하게 하고 FAD의 농도를 증가시켰을 때 hepatic azo reductase의 활성은 현저히 증가하였으나 NADPH-generating system에 의한 환원은 작은 증가를 나타냈다. 3. 기타 식용 azo 색소 tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red를 기지로 azo reductase activity를 측정한 결과 sunset yellow는 amaranth와 비슷한 환원활성은 나타냈고, tartrazine은 보다 낮은 환원활성을 allura red는 보다 높은 환원활성을 나타냈으며, $300\;\mu\textrm{M}-FAD$에 의해 기질 모두에서 환원활성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. With the market of food products, the use of food additives is on the increase. The dye as food additives, can be used for some foods which are difficult to preserve their own colors. It can be also classified as tar dye, vegetable dye and mineral dye. Because tar dye has dense toxicity, only 15 articles among them are legally allowed to be used. Among the allowed articles, the azo compound amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, and allura red, were used in determining and comparing rat hepatic azo reductase activity and we observed the flavin's effects as follows: 1. Investigation with amaranth as substrate gave an apparent Km of $645\;\mu\textrm{M}$ and Vmax of 50 n mol/min/mg protein. 2. On investigation using a fixed amaranth concentration over a range of flavin concentration, FAD significantly increased the activity of the azo reductase compared with only minor increases in reaction mediated by the NADPH-generating system alone. 3. On investigation with amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow allura red as electron acceptor in the absence or presence of 300 mM-FAD, sunset yellow was reduced at a rat similar to amaranth, tartrazine was reduced at a slower rate and allura red was reduced a little more rapidly.

고문헌 고증을 통한 한국의 홍색계 전통 염색 및 전통 색상의 특성 고찰(II) -반복 염색 특성-

박위자,김광수,김성동,박종호,고준석,Park, Wee-Ja,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Kim, Sung-Dong,Park, Jong-Ho,Koh, Joon-Seok 한국섬유공학회 2007 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.44 No.6

This work aims to reproduce and characterize the traditional red color by investigating old documents. Various traditional red colors which have been used for traditional costumes were investigated. So-Hong, Mok-Hong, DaeHong, Ban-Hong, and Chun-Hong were chosen and their color properties by repeated dyeing were compared. The amount of natural dyes and the number of dyeing times improved the chromaticity and color strength of dyed fabrics. The redness value ($+a^*$) of the natural dyeings was in order of Dae-hong, So-hong, Mok-hong, Chun-hong and Banhong. The color gamut of Dae-hong and Chun-hong was limited to the small color coordinate area while that of Banhong was distributed widely over the color coordinates.

Zero valent iron-mediated rapid removal of bis-azo dye in solution amended with dyebath additives: Biphasic kinetics and modelling

Alok Sinha,Raja Kumar 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.11

The effect of widely used dye-bath additives, namely sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, urea, acetic acid and citric acid, on the reductive removal of azo dye AR73 by zero valent iron was investigated. Na+ induced ‘salting out’ effect on the dye molecules complemented with Cl− induced pitting corrosion of ZVI surface led to improved dye removal rate with increasing NaCl concentration. ‘Salting out’ effect of (NH4)2SO4 together with enhanced iron corrosion by aggressive SO4 2− and reducing effect of ‘sulfate green rust’ benefitted the reaction rates. However, beyond 1,000mg/L (NH4)2SO4 concentration, complex formation of NH4 + and SO4 2− with iron oxides compromised ZVI reactivity. Urea inhibited the reaction by its chaotropic effect on the dye solution and also by wrapping the ZVI surface. Enhanced iron corrosion by organic acids improved the reaction rates. The dye removal followed biphasic kinetics with initial rapid phase, when more than 95% dye removal was observed in all the studies, followed by a slow phase. The experimental data could be well evaluated using biphasic rate equation (R2>0.995 in all the cases). Highest dye removal rate of 0.900 min−1 was achieved at pH 2 with all the additives amended. AR73 removal could be modelled using biphasic model considering the individual effect of each additive. Rapid dye reduction capability at varied solution composition makes ZVI more advantageous and promising for wastewater treatment.