전략적 체험모듈에 의한 인터랙션 스페이스의 인터랙션 체험모듈(IEMs)연구

김일석 한국일러스아트학회 2024 조형미디어학 Vol.27 No.2

전략적 체험 모듈(SEMs:Strategic Experiential Modules)은 정신모듈로 체험유형을 분류하며, 인터랙션의 체험은 체험모듈로 체험의 혼합을 구성한다. 스페이스 인터랙션은 인터랙션 체험모듈(IEMs)로 상호작용을 체험하는 경험의 모듈로 인터랙션을 목적으로한 융합체로 구성된다. 인터랙션 스페이스의 인터랙션 체험모듈(IEMs:Interaction Experiential Modules)은 감각모듈(Sense Modules)), 인지모듈(Think Modules), 행동모듈(Act Modules)), 관계모듈(Relate Modules)로 구성된다. 인터랙션 스페이스는 매체가 적용되어 감각, 행동, 인지, 관계의 요소들이 작용한다. 인터랙션 스페이스와 매체와 인터랙션의 체험 융합은 체험모듈의 형식을 만든다. 본 연구는 전략적 체험 모듈에 의한 인터랙션 스페이스의 IEMs를 연구한다. 연구는 IEMs를 분석하고, 연구한다. 연구는 인터랙션 스페이스의 IEMs 요소와 특징을 논증하고, 스페이스 인터랙션의 체험모듈 유형을 구분한다. 연구에 의하면, IEMs는 감각형식, 인지효율, 행위물질, 관계목적에 의한 인터랙션 체험요소가 확인된다. 이를 위한 연구는 IEMs의 감각모듈(Sense Modules), 인지모듈(Think Modules)), 행동모듈(Act Modules), 관계모듈(Relate Modules)로 상호작용한다. Strategic Experiential Modules(SEMs) classify experience types into mental modules, and interaction experiences constitute a mixture of experiences through experience modules. Space interaction consists of Interaction Experiential Modules(IEMs), a fusion of experience modules for the purpose of interaction. IEMs in the interaction space are composed of Sense Modules, Think Modules, Act Modules, and Relate Modules. In the interaction space, media is applied and elements of sense, action, think, and relationship come into play. The experiential fusion of interaction space, media, and interaction creates the formats of experience modules. This study studies IEMs in interaction space through strategic experience modules. The research analyzes and studies IEMs. The study demonstrates the elements and characteristics of Interaction Experiential Modules of interaction space and distinguishes the types of experience modules of space interaction. According to research, IEMs have interaction experience elements based on sensory format, think efficiency, action material, and relationship purpose. Research for this purpose interacts with the Sense Modules, Think Modules, Act Modules, and Relate Modules of Interaction Experiential Modules(IEMs).

디지털 미디어의 데이터 프로그래밍에 의한 인터랙션 스페이스

김일석 ( Kim¸ Ilsuk ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7

(Background and Purpose) The media environment is centered on graphics, from the virtual environment to the metaverse. In the real space , a physically constructed media space is required. However, media interaction form is becoming a new design form in spatial design. The physical structure of space is converted to an electronic form by digital media. Further, interactive media, together with virtual space media and multimedia, are creating an environment that provides a transformative experience in the construction space. The study examines the interaction concept of media and the relationship between sensor activation and sensory action, and to study the characteristics of the interaction space, where the interactive media is installed as a device in the physical structure. (Method) The study aims to draw conclusions by adopting an interaction space composed of interactive media―analyzing it as a space composed of device-integrated media. The research method is discussed first; in Chapter 2, the concept and experience of media interaction are considered. For this purpose, this study divided the sensor device, actuation device, and programming of media into sense, perception, and action experience of a person. Chapter 3 analyzes the elements and characteristics of the structure of the interaction space, which are divided into object module, data collection, sequence object, and story medium; further, the interaction space case is adopted and analyzed. (Result) Interactive media is a dynamic medium in which digital devices operate, and digital sensors and actuators are coded programmatically to communicate data and interact systematically. The interaction space creates an area in the relation between the input and output of data of these media and the reaction of the sensor-actuated device. The space is where the experiencer's senses, perceptions, and actions interact with the real-time programmed electronic module device. The sensors and actuation devices applied to the space are composed of modules and control the data to comprise changes in the object-oriented module. The interaction space has the elements of form, material, efficiency, and purpose, and these elements enable human and machine interaction. Therefore, the interaction space is an area for human-computer interaction (HCI), divided into object module, data collection, sequence object, and story medium. (Conclusion) The interaction space has the characteristics of the interrelationship between sensor devices and actuation devices that are modularized for information transfer. The device module format that composes the space delivers various scenes and situations to the experiencer, and its features include object module, data collection, sequence object, and story medium.

사용자 중심 관점에서의 인터랙션 개념 모형화 연구

이태일(Lee Taeil) 한국디지털디자인학회 2007 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.7 No.2

With the explosive growth of computer technology in last decade interdisciplinary tendency of interaction design research has brought good reasons to reflect on the fundamentals of interaction itself. The main purpose of this study is to go deeper into the concept of interaction and to propose a conceptual model of interaction by inspecting the process of interaction in macro-micro viewpoints. "Interactive Flow Model" proposed by the paper defines the interaction as the flow between the user and the system which consists of four steps of Sense-Think-Feel-Act.'Sense' is a step where the user senses the output signals processed by the system. In'Think' step the user structures and accepts the information obtained from the system. In'Feel' step the emotion takes part in the process of interaction.'Act' is a step when the user gives actions to the system based on the intellectual and emotional information. The model also shows momentary -intermittent and repetitionary-continuous nature of interaction process. Interactive Flow Model tries to provide an alternative view to interaction design not only by getting away from conventional concept of action-reaction coupling but also by approaching in terms of user-centeredness. The study expects to stimulate interaction design research efforts and to expand the concept to user-centered interaction design frameworks and various methodologies. 최근 컴퓨터 기술의 급격한 발전과 함께 인터랙션 디자인 연구의 다학제적이고 복합적인 특징으로 인해 인터랙션의 본질적인 부분에 대한 재고의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인터랙션의 개념에 대한 성찰과 인터랙션 프로세스에 대한 거시-미시적인 관점에서의 접근을 통한 새로운 개념 모형을 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는'인터랙티브 플로우 모형(interactive flow model)'은 인터랙션을 사용자와 시스템 간의 흐름(flow)으로 정의한다. 이 흐름은 감지(sense)-인지(think)-감상(feel)-행동(act)의 네 단계로 이루어진다.'감지'는 사용자가 시스템에 의해 처리된 출력정보(output)를 감지하는 단계를 말한다.'인지'의 단계에서 사용자는 시스템으로부터 습득한 정보를 체계화하고 섭취한다.'감상' 단계는 감성이 인터랙션 과정에 관계하는 단계이다.'행동' 단계는 지적 감성적 정보를 바탕으로 사용자가 시스템에 어떤 행동을 가하는 단계를 말한다. 또한 이 모형에서는 인터랙션의 흐름이 순간적-단속적 반복적-지속적인 다소 상반된 특성을 동시에 보인다는 사실도 보여준다. 인터랙티브 플로우 모형은 행위(action)-반응(reaction)의 기존 관점에서 벗어나 사용자-중심의 관점에서 인터랙션을 바라보는 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 그리고 본 연구를 통해 사용자 중심의 인터랙션 디자인 프레임웍과 다양한 방법론이 도출될 수 있는 자극과 계기가 되는 디자인 기초로서의 역할을 기대한다.

사례연구를 통한 K-MOOC에서 상호작용의 정도와 패턴의 변화 양상 탐구

남상은,조규락 한국교육정보미디어학회 2017 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.23 No.4

대형 온라인 공개강좌를 의미하는 MOOC는 새로운 교육방법으로서 현재 세계적인 주목을 받고 있다. 우리나라에서도 2015년 한국형 MOOC(K-MOOC)를 시작하였고, 매년 여러 대학교가 참여하여 깊은 관심 속에서 많은 K-MOOC 강좌들이 개설되고 있다. 본 연구는 K-MOOC에서 상호작용이 얼마나 활발하며 그 상호작용의 패턴 특징과 변화가 어떠한지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 2015년 10월부터 시행된 K-MOOC의 한 강좌의 토론 게시판에 참여한 146명의 학습자와 6명의 교수자의 게시글을 대상으로 상호작용 자료를 수집하였다. 토론게시판에 참여한 상호작용 자료는 사회연결망분석을 통해 밀도, 연결중심성, 시각화 기능으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, K-MOOC에서 상호작용의 정도를 밀도의 지표로 보았을 때, 교수자와 학습자 간 상호작용이 학습자와 학습자 간 상호작용보다 활발하였다. 연결중심성을 중심으로, 교수자와 학습자 간 상호작용에서 외향중심성은 교수자가 높았으며, 내향중심성은 학습자가 높았다. 둘째, 상호작용 패턴의 변화를 보았을 때, 전기에서 후기로 갈수록 토론 참여자 수가 감소하고, 소수의 참여자들만이 활발하게 토론을 하며, 익명을 사용하는 비율이 줄어들었다. 또한, 쌍방향 상호작용과 학습자와 학습자간 상호작용이 전기에서 후기로 갈수록 줄어드는 양상을 보였다. 전체적으로, 교수자와 학습자 간 상호작용은 상대적으로 학습자와 학습자 간 상호작용 보다 높게 나타났고, 상호작용은 교수자가 주도하는 평가에 의해 결정되는 모습을 보였다. K-MOOC에서 상호작용을 증진시키기 위한 교수설계적 처방이 필요하다. MOOC, which stands for Massive Open Online Course, now attracts public attention as a new way of education across the world. In 2015, Korea also started Korea MOOC (K-MOOC) services. Since then, every year several universities participated in the services and offered many K-MOOCs with deep interest. This study investigated the degree and the features of changes of the interaction patterns in K-MOOC. For this purpose of the study, the study collected and analyzed participants' verbal unit, in which 146 students and 6 instructors participated, as interaction data from discussion forum in a K-MOOC serviced in October, 2015. Social network analysis was used for the analysis, including density, degree centrality and visualization. The results of the research were as follows: First, it showed that instructor-learner interaction was more active than learner-learner interaction in terms of density. While instructors had high out-degree centrality, learners had high in-degree centrality between instructors and learners. Second, interaction patterns showed that forum participants gradually decreased and small amount of them actively posted on discussion forum in the later of this course. The rate of using anonymity also decreased. In addition, interaction patterns presented diminishing two-way interaction and learner-learner interaction as the course progressed. In sum, the study showed that instructor-learner interaction was relatively more active than learner-learner interaction and interaction was affected by instructor-led evaluation. It implies that prescriptive instructional design should be applied to K-MOOCs in order to increase interaction.

상호작용의 특성에 따른 디지털 인터랙션의 분류체계 제안

장혜진 한국기초조형학회 2008 기초조형학연구 Vol.9 No.2

The study of interaction has emerged from a combination of interdisciplinary academic fields. Each academic field has studied the concept of interaction within their own academic environment, which has given the concept of interaction diverse meanings and design methodologies. Moreover, the concept and method of interaction education differs at each educational institution. Therefore, knowledge and methods related to interaction have not been fused into one coherent cross-disciplinary model. Because of the lack of a coherent all-encompassing model, the limited scope of existing models means that they are ineffective at solving the complex problems of interaction. Preliminary analysis of existing systems revealed that while each system has particular advantages in a given situation, none were able to be applied outside of their academic discipline to effectively address the cross-disciplinary nature of interaction scenarios.Therefore, this research suggests a system for categorizing interaction that can be effectively applied to the characteristic of interaction across various fields. First, keywords based on the purpose and nature of interaction were mapped onto four quadrants. A variety of interaction, such as interactive media arts, web interaction, and software interaction were then mapped onto the quadrants. From this analysis, five characteristics of interaction were identified: creative and reactive; creative and interactive; practical and reactive; practical and interactive; and integrated interaction. Each of these categories is explained with definitions and examples.

패션에 나타난 인터랙션 디자인의 표현 유형과 특성

김유경 한국기초조형학회 2012 기초조형학연구 Vol.13 No.6

본 연구는 인터랙션 개념과 관련하여 패션디자인에 나타난 인터랙션 디자인의 표현 유형을 분류, 유형별 표현 특성을 분석, 인터랙션 패션디자인의 전개 의미를 이해하고자하였다. 인터랙션 개념과 관련한 이론적 정립을 위해 전문서적, 선행연구논문을 중심으로 개념을 고찰, 정립하고 이를 근거로 인터랙션 패션디자인의 표현 유형을 분류, 유형별 표현 특성을 분석하였다. 인터랙션 개념과 관련, 패션디자인에 나타난 인터랙션 디자인의 표현 유형은 ‘사람과 사물의 Interface’, ‘사람과 사람의 Transaction’, ‘사람과 환경의 Human Interaction’, ‘사람과 우주의 Participation’ 등 네 유형을 근거로 유형별 특성을 분석, 이론화 할 수 있다. 패션에 나타난 인터랙션 디자인의 표현 특성은 ‘감성적 행위유인화의 Interface 패션’, ‘정신적 교감 표현한 커뮤니케이션의 기호화 Transaction 패션’, ‘자연과 환경 가치화의 Human Interaction 패션’, ‘탈경계 패러다임화의 Participation 패션’ 등으로 분석되었다. 인터랙션 패션디자인은 인간과 패션, 과학, 환경 및 문화 간의 상호소통의 결과물의 단계를 넘어 서로간의 상호소통을 유인하는 은유적인 매개체로서 내적인 의미가 있다. 디지털 테크놀로지의 발전과 함께 다양한 방향에서 결합된 인터랙션 패션디자인은 다의적인 면에서 디자인의 발전 필요성을 본 연구를 통해서 환기시킬 수 있을 것이다. This study tried to analyze expression characteristics by types after classifying design expression types shown in fashion design related by the interaction concept, and then understand the progressive meaning of interaction fashion design. For carrying out theoretical formulation on the interaction concept, the study looked into and set up the concept centering on specialized books and preceding researches, and analyzed expression characteristics by types after classifying expression types of the interaction fashion design. This study could formulate and theorize interaction design concept related to the design field based on the interaction concept having been appeared from computer science. In relation with interaction, the study was able to analyze and theorize characteristics by types concerning expression types of the interaction design based on 4 types such as ‘Interface between people and things,’ ‘Transaction between people and things,’ ‘Human interaction between people and environment,’ and ‘Participation from people and the universe.’ Expression characteristic of the interaction design shown in fashions was analyzed such like ‘Interface fashion as motivating emotional behaviors,’ ‘Symbolization of communication expressing psychological sympathy,’ ‘Human interaction fashion of valuating nature and environment,’ and ‘Participation fashion of making boundary-free paradigm.’ The interaction design in fashion had a meaning as a mediator that attracted communication between human and fashion together with that of science, environment, and culture. Through this study, the necessity of interaction design development would be stir up from diverse aspects by understanding values of various interaction fashion designs having been derived from combined digital, and such point could be said as having a meaning of this research accordingly.

A Comprehensive Theory of Multi-Aspect Interaction with Cyber Physical Systems

Junfeng Wang,Suihuai Yu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.3

Interaction with Cyber physical systems (CPSs) greatly differ from traditional human computer interaction. A theory that could explain multi-aspect interaction with cyber physical systems and would facilitate the implementation of highly interactive CPSs is needed. This paper tries to make the first steps in this direction and to provide insights for a necessary new theory. Four kinds of interaction which play a crucial role in the operation of CPSs and four fundamental aspects of interaction (i.e. levels, domains, contexts and modalities) are introduced. The theory explains both the aspects and the various constituents that should be considered. The novelty of the theory is in that it establishes relationships between the four aspects and supports the specification of wishful interaction profiles. Finally, a practical case of robot assisted smart bathroom is used to show how the theory can systematize and rationalize the designing of interaction with CPSs.

대학 비대면 수업에서 상호작용 활성화를 위한 온라인 교수학습 전략 탐색

임정훈 ( Junghoon Leem ),김미화 ( Mihwa Kim ),신진주 ( Jinju Shin ) 한국교육정보미디어학회 2021 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.27 No.4

이 연구는 코로나로 인한 팬데믹 상황에서 대학 온라인 수업의 질적 향상을 위하여 대학 교수자가 온라인 수업을 운영할 때 효과적으로 설계하고 적용할 수 있는 다양한 유형의 상호작용 전략을 개발하고 개발된 전략들의 실제 활용현황을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 원격교육, 이러닝, 온라인 수업과 상호작용 전략 등 관련 문헌들을 고찰하고, I대학교에서 온라인으로 진행된 86개 교과목에서 교수자들이 사용한 상호작용을 위한 교수학습 전략들에 대해 사례분석을 실시하여 대학 온라인 수업 상호작용 활성화를 위한 교수학습 전략의 초안을 도출하였다. 도출된 전략 초안은 2차례에 걸쳐 전문가 4인으로부터 타당도를 검증받았으며, 이를 토대로 전략에 대한수정 보완이 진행되었다. 연구결과, 상호작용 활성화를 위한 온라인 교수학습 전략으로 총 27개 전략이 최종 확정되었으며, 이는 ‘교수자-학습자간 상호작용’, ‘학습자-학습자간 상호작용’, ‘학습자-내용간 상호작용’, ‘학습자 내적 상호작용’의 네 가지 상호작용 유형으로 구분되어 제시되었다. 아울러, 개발된 온라인 상호작용 교수학습 전략의 활용현황을 탐색해 보기 위하여 I대학교에서 실제 개설, 운영된 76개 수업에서 교수자들이 사용한 116개의 상호작용 전략들을 바탕으로 상호작용 유형별, 계열별, 수업운영 방법별에 따른 상호작용 전략의 활용 현황을 살펴보았다. 끝으로, 대학 온라인 수업의 상호작용 활성화를 위해 이 연구가 갖는 의의와 시사점 등이 논의되었다. The purpose of this study was to develop instructional strategies that professors can use their online classes for enhancing interaction, and to analyze the current utilization status of the instructional strategies developed in this study. To achieve purpose of the study, a literature review on the distance education, e-learning, online classes, and interaction strategies was conducted. Additionally, 86 online courses offered at I university in 2020 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was developed a draft of the strategies for enhancing the interaction of online class in higher education. The draft of the developed strategies for online interaction was validated twice by 4 experts with online class experience. As a result of the research, 27 strategies were developed as the final version for enhancing interaction in online class of university, and the strategies were categorized as ‘instructor-learner interaction’, ‘learner-learner interaction’, ‘learner-contents interaction’, and ‘learner-inner interaction’. In addition, in order to explore the effective use of the developed strategies, the frequencies of 116 interaction strategies used 76 online courses opened in the spring semester of 2021 at I university were analyzed by interaction type, university department, and online course type. Finally, the significance and implications of this study enhancing interaction in online classes of university were discussed.

모-태아상호작용 신념과 모-태아상호작용

권미경 한국아동간호학회 2008 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.14 No.4

Purposes: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe levels of Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief and Maternal-Fetal Interaction, and to define their correlation. Method: Data were collected from 273 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OB/GY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire that included the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief scale(MFIBS) and maternal-fetal interaction. Results: The mean scores for maternal-fetal interaction belief and maternal-fetal interaction were 107.41±15.67 and 31.75±5.92 respectively. For maternal-fetal interaction belief, there were significant differences according to education, religion, income, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, and husband's love. For maternal-fetal interaction, there were significant differences according to mother's age, period of pregnancy, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a correlation between maternal-fetal interaction belief and maternal-fetal interaction. Conclusion: Maternal-fetal interaction belief is related to increase in maternal-fetal interaction and fetal development. It is essential to develop a maternal-fetal interaction program that includes maternal-fetal interaction belief.

교수-학생 상호작용에 대한 연구 동향 - 국내 간호 연구를 중심으로 -

안은경 사단법인 한국안전문화학회 2022 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.17

Professor-student interaction is an important component of higher education as the core of tertiary education activities. The contact between professors and students in the field of university education has a positive effect on students' academic achievement and experiences, and promotes the growth and development of students. Despite the growing importance of the professor-student interaction, studies on the professor-student interaction in nursing research are very scarce. Therefore, this study was attempted to suggest future research directions by analyzing domestic nursing research trends on professor-student interaction and to provide basic data for facilitating professor-student interaction. For this purpose, a total of 10 papers were selected based on the selection and exclusion criteria of this study among nursing studies on professor-student interaction published in domestic academic journals. The general characteristics, key variables, and key findings were analyzed for the selected papers. As a result, the key variables on the professor-student interaction were classified into four categories: Academic achievement, college life satisfaction, affective characteristics, and career-related. Key findings were categorized into two categories; Correlation with other variables, evaluation factor of learning method. Results indicate that professor-student interaction is an important component in nursing education. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the interaction between professors and students in nursing. Nevertheless, there are only a few nursing studies on professor-student interaction in Korea. For the future, a concept analysis, a qualitative study to understand the characteristics of the interaction phenomenon between professors and students of the nursing, and an exploration of the individual characteristic factors of nursing students related to professor-student interaction are needed. In addition, nursing professors need to actively attempt to interact with students.