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Dietary Fiber, Gut Peptides, and Adipocytokines
David Sa´nchez,Marta Miguel,Amaya Aleixandre 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.3
The consumption of dietary fiber (DF) has increased since it was related to the prevention of a range of illnesses and pathological conditions. DF can modify some gut hormones that regulate satiety and energy intake, thus also affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. Among these gut hormones are ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin. Adipose tissue is known to express and secrete a variety of products known as ‘‘adipocytokines,’’which are also affected by DF. Some of the most relevant adipocytokines include adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-a,and interleukin-6. The release of adipocytokines, by either adipocytes or macrophage-infiltrated adipose tissue, leads to a chronic subinflammatory state that could play a central role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes,therefore increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with obesity. DF modulation of these molecules could also have positive effects on obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. This review is focused on the effects of DF on the above-mentioned gut peptides and adipocytokines.
Effect of a Soluble Cocoa Fiber-Enriched Diet in Zucker Fatty Rats
David Sánchez,Leila Moulay,Begon˜a Muguerza,Mar Quin˜ones,,Amaya Aleixandre 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.3
The effects of a soluble cocoa fiber (SCF) were studied in Zucker fatty rats. Two groups of Zucker fatty rats were fed the following diets: standard diet and 5% SCF-enriched diet. A group of Zucker lean rats fed the standard diet was used for results comparison with obese Zucker animals. Solid and liquid intakes, body weight, plasma glucose, lipid profile, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were recorded weekly. At the end of the experimental period insulin was determined, and fat apparent digestibility (FAD) and insulin resistance were calculated. The Zucker fatty rats fed 5% SCF-enriched diet showed less weight gain and food intake than those fed the standard diet. The group fed the fiber-enriched diet showed lower values of the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels than the standard group. FAD was also lower in the fiber group. Both SBP and DBP were decreased. In addition, SCF reduced plasma glucose and insulin, and as a consequence the insulin resistance was also decreased. Our data demonstrate that SCF resulted in an improvement of the studied risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders.
Marfil-Santana Miguel David,O’Connor-Sánchez Aileen,Ramírez-Prado Jorge Humberto,De los Santos-Briones Cesar,López-Aguiar,Lluvia Korynthia,Rojas-Herrera Rafael,Lago-Lestón Asunción,Prieto-Davó Alejand 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.11
The need for new antibiotics has sparked a search for the microbes that might potentially produce them. Current sequencing technologies allow us to explore the biotechnological potential of microbial communities in diverse environments without the need for cultivation, benefitting natural product discovery in diverse ways. A relatively recent method to search for the possible production of novel compounds includes studying the diverse genes belonging to polyketide synthase pathways (PKS), as these complex enzymes are an important source of novel therapeutics. In order to explore the biotechnological potential of the microbial community from the largest underground aquifer in the world located in the Yucatan, we used a polyphasic approach in which a simple, non-computationally intensive method was coupled with direct amplification of environmental DNA to assess the diversity and novelty of PKS type I ketosynthase (KS) domains. Our results suggest that the bioinformatic method proposed can indeed be used to assess the novelty of KS enzymes; nevertheless, this in silico study did not identify some of the KS diversity due to primer bias and stringency criteria outlined by the metagenomics pipeline. Therefore, additionally implementing a method involving the direct cloning of KS domains enhanced our results. Compared to other freshwater environments, the aquifer was characterized by considerably less diversity in relation to known ketosynthase domains; however, the metagenome included a family of KS type I domains phylogenetically related, but not identical, to those found in the curamycin pathway, as well as an outstanding number of thiolases. Over all, this first look into the microbial community found in this large Yucatan aquifer and other fresh water free living microbial communities highlights the potential of these previously overlooked environments as a source of novel natural products.
Marycruz Barocio-Pantoja,Patricia Quezada-Fernández,David Cardona-Muller,Mayra B Jiménez-Cázarez,Mariana Larios-Cárdenas,Oscar I. González-Radillo,Andrés García-Sánchez,Jaime Carmona-Huerta,Ana N. Chá 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.12
One of the proposed mechanisms for the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the increase of end products of advanced glycosylation (AGEs), which bind to its receptor (RAGE), favoring nephron cellular damage. An isoform of this receptor is soluble RAGE (sRAGE), which can antagonize AGE-altered intracellular signaling. It has known that green tea extract (GTE) increases the expression of sRAGE, but it is unknown whether this could improve kidney function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of GTE on the concentrations of sRAGE, renal function, and metabolic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DN. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 39 patients who received GTE (400 mg every 12 h) or placebo for 3 months. sRAGE levels, renal function, and metabolic parameters were determined before and after the intervention. In the GTE group, there were statistically significant increase on sRAGE (320.55 ± 157.63 pg/mL vs. 357.59 ± 144.99 pg/mL; P = .04) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; 66.44 ± 15.17 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 71.70 ± 19.33 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = .04), and a statistically significant decrease in fasting serum glucose (7.62 ± 3.00 mmol/L vs. 5.86 ± 1.36 mmol/L; P ≤ .01) and triacylglycerols (1.91 ± 0.76 mmol/L vs. 1.58 ± 0.69; P = .02). Administration of GTE increases the serum concentration of sRAGE and the GFR and decreases the concentration of fasting serum glucose and triacylglycerols. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT03622762.
Adriana R. Schultz Moreira,Raúl Olivero-David,Miguel Vázquez-Velasco,Laura González-Torres,Juana Benedí,Sara Bastida,Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.8
There is a general assumption that seaweeds are hypocholesterolemics and antioxidants. However, controversial results suggest specific properties for each individual alga. This study aims to assess the effect of including Sea Spaghetti alga (S) in a restructured-pork (RP) diet, both enriched and not enriched with dietary cholesterol, on arylesterase (AE) activity and lipoprotein concentration and composition of Wistar rats. Four groups of 10 growing male Wistar rats were each fed a mix of 85% AIN-93M diet and 15% freeze-dried RP for 5 weeks. The control group (C) consumed control RP-C; the S group consumed RP-S with 5% seaweeds; the Chol-C group consumed the C diet but enriched with cholesterol (2.43%) and cholic acid (0.49%); the Chol-S group consumed the S diet but enriched with cholesterol and cholic acid. AE activity was five times higher (P < .01) in S compared with C rats, but three times lower in Chol-S compared with Chol-C rats (P < .01). The Chol-C diet induced hypercholesterolemia but reduced triglycerides (TG), giving rise to the presence of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) that was enriched in cholesterol. The Chol-S diet partially blocked (P < .001) the hypercholesterolemic induction of the Chol-C diet, and reduced TG levels (P < .05) with respect to S rats. The cholesterol supplementation increased total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and intermediate-density lipoprotein + LDL-cholesterol (IDL + LDL)-cholesterol (P < .001) in Chol-C rats, but the effect was lower in the Chol-S diet. In conclusion, RP-S increases the antioxidant capacity within a noncholesterol enriched diet while improving the lipoprotein profile within a cholesterol-enriched diet.
Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez,Jesús Lozano-Sánchez,Isabel Borrás-Linares,David Arráez-Román,Antonio Segura-Carretero 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.79 No.-
A manufacturing design and control of bioactive ingredients from Aloysia citriodora was performedapplying microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Thus, a Response Surface Methodology based on CentralComposite Design 23 model was performed to monitor the matrix behavior. The factors were extractiontime, percentage of solvent and temperature. The chosen responses were extraction yield andphytochemicals recovery. The design allowed tofind the optimal conditions for each response and tovalidate them in order to attain high quality ingredients. These results pointed out that MAE is a noveltechnique which could be used to improve the new functional ingredient development.
Estrella Díaz,Rocío Carranza,Carlos Sánchez-Camacho,David Martín-Consuegra 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
In today’s highly dynamic tourism and hospitality environment, the role of customer engagement (CE) in customer experience and value is receiving increasing attention from practitioners and academics (Harrigan, Evers, Miles, & Daly, 2017). Despite this interest, scholarly analysis into the concept and its associated elements has been limited to date. For these reasons, the objective of this study is to present a science mapping approach to analysing the thematic evolution of customer engagement, specifically in the tourism/hospitality and marketing industries. The study applies a bibliometric approach combining co-citation analysis with co-word analysis to reveal and visualize the evolution of customer engagement in the hospitality and tourism areas. Specifically, authors use the SciMat software in order to discover the most important research themes and its conceptual evolution. This technique returns a set of clusters, which can be understood as conglomerates of different scientific aspects. They allow researchers the analysis of the research topics’ dynamic evolution by measuring continuance across consecutive sub-periods. Authors followed the ranking of hospitality and tourism journals considered by Gursoy and Sandstrom (2016) and, the marketing journal ranking developed by Hunt Reimann and Schilke (2009) as criteria for journal selection process. This study has considered the Web of Science (WoS) as the main academic database for collecting research contributions. Findings indicate symptoms of a research field in constant evolution that has not yet reached a stage of maturity. Initially, customer engagement was seen as an important element, but its examination was scarce and has gradually come to be recognized as a key goal within organizations to serve as a basis for the development of various study models. The results obtained from this study will enable future authors studying customer engagement to focus their studies more effectively.