동일한 국제예후지표(International Prognostic Index)를 나타내는 미만성 대형 B-세포 림프종에서 Bcl-2와 p16의 임상적 중요성

박상은,박수진,곽승근,박남숙,천재민,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용,김진만 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

In Korea, malignant lymphoma is a common cancer, comprising about 2.7% of all malignant neoplasm. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma, representing about 50% of all Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is usually considered as heterogeneous group of neoplasms rather than a single clinicopathological entity. Clinical prognostic systems, including the International Prognostic Index (IPI), although useful to assess overall prognosis, embrace patients with heterogeneous prognoses. But International Prognostic Index scoring system is not sufficiently predict the prognosis. It is likely that the prognostic assessment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomamight be improved by using biological features. Bcl-2 protein and p16 protein expression is recognized as useful biologic markers predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To determine the clinical significance and prognostic value of bcl-2 and p16 proteins expression patterns, we studied 18 patients with de novo DLBL, whose archival pathology specimen were available for immunohistochemistry studies, atChungnam National University Hospital from September 1992 to December 2000. Archival specimens from each patient were immunostained with respective antibodies for bcl-2, p16. The results are as follows; 1) The median age was 54(rage : 37-69). There were 12 male patients(66.7%) and 6 female patients(33.3%) The 'B' symptom was abscentin all patients. The stages were as follows : Ⅰ, 2 patient(11.1%), Ⅱ, 10 patient(55.6%), Ⅲ, 4patient(22.2%) and Ⅳ, 2patient(11.1%). 3 patients(16.8%) had the elevated LDH level, 14 patients(77.8%) had the normal LDH level and 1 patients(5.6%) was not identified the LDH level. 2 patients(11.1%) had the bulky disease and 16 patients(88.7%) had no bulky diease. The distribution of ECOG status were O, 2 patients(11.1%c), 1, 14patients(77.8%) and 2, 2patients(11.1%). 2) Theimmunohistochemistry results are as follows bcl-2:+,10 patients(55.6%), bcl-2:-, 8patinets(44.4%), p16:+,3 patients(16.7%), p16:-, 15patients(83.3%) 3) After a median follow UP durations of 67 months, the median survival time was 57 months with a rage of 7-100+ months. 5-years overall survival rates was 44% by Kaplan-Meier method. 4) Reduced overall survival was demonstrated in the patients who expressed bcl-2 protein(P=0.0174). 5-year overall survivial rate was 12%(bcl-2 expression) versus 88%(no bcl-2 expression) 5) Among diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with IPI score 0-1, reduced overall survival was demonstrated with bcl-2 expression(P=0.023). 5-year overall survival rate was 18%(bcl-2 expression group) versus 100%(no bcl-2 expressiongroup) 6) Median survival durtation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients negative for p16 expression was 57 months whereas p16 postive patients' median survival duration was not reached(P=0.4478). In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with identical IPI scores, bcl-2 expression had additional prognostic value.

Original Article : The influence of waist circumference on insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in apparently healthy Korean adults

( Deok Yun Ju ),( Young Gil Choe ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Dong Suk Shin ),( Su Hyeon Yoo ),( Seo Hyoung Yim ),( Ji Yong Lee ),( Jung Ho Park ),( Hong Joo Kim ),( Dong Il Park ),( Chong Il Sohn ),( Woo Ky 대한간학회 2013 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: Waist circumference (WC) is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and is related to insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to determine the association between WC and IR and NAFLD in apparently healthy Korean adults. Methods: The volunteers included in this cross-sectional study comprised 9,159 adults (5,052 men, 4,107 women) who participated in a comprehensive health checkup program. IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and was considered to be present when the HOMA-IR score was>2.NAFLD was evaluated by ultrasound examination. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was defined as>40 IU/L in men and >35 IU/L in women. Logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for NAFLD, IR, and ALT according to categorized levels ofWC. Results: NAFLD was found in 2,553 (27.9%) of the participants (82.6% men, 17.4% women), while IR and elevated ALT were found in 17.2% (68.1% men, 31.9% women) and 10% (83% men, 17% women), respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the prevalence of NAFLD, IR, and elevated ALT was significantly associated with increases in WC quartile: highest quartile for NAFLD in men, OR=15.539,95 CI=12.687-19.033;highest quartile for NAFLD in women, OR=48.732,95% CI=23.918-99.288(P<0.001); and highest quartile for IR in men, OR=17.576, 95% CI=13.283-23.255; highest quartile for IR in women, OR=11.078, 95% CI=7.813-15.708 (P<0.001); highest quartile for elevated ALT in men, OR=7.952, 95% CI=6.046-10.459; and highest quartile for elevated ALT in women, OR=8.487, 95% CI=4.6799-15.395 (P<0.001). Conclusions: WC contributes to IR and NAFLD in apparently healthy Korean adults, and thus may be an important factor in the development of IR and NAFLD.

Ticagrelor Monotherapy After 3-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome by High Bleeding Risk: The Subanalysis From the TICO Trial

Yong-Joon Lee,Yongsung Suh,Jung-Sun Kim,Yun-Hyeong Cho,Kyeong Ho Yun,Yong Hoon Kim,Jae Young Cho,Ae-Young Her,Sungsoo Cho,Dong Woon Jeon,Sang-Yong Yoo,Deok-Kyu Cho,Bum-Kee Hong,Hyuckmoon Kwon,Sung-Jin 대한심장학회 2022 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.52 No.4

Background and Objectives: Identifying patients with high bleeding risk (HBR) is important when making decisions for antiplatelet therapy strategy. This study evaluated the impact of ticagrelor monotherapy after 3-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) according to HBR in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with drug eluting stents (DESs). Methods: In this post-hoc analysis of the TICO trial, HBR was defined by 2 approaches: meeting Academic Research Consortium for HBR (ARC-HBR) criteria or Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent DAPT (PRECISE-DAPT) score ≥25. The primary outcome was a 3–12 months net adverse clinical event (composite of major bleeding and adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events). Results: Of the 2,980 patients without adverse events during the first 3 months after DES implantation, 453 (15.2%) were HBR by ARC-HBR criteria and 504 (16.9%) were HBR by PRECISE-DAPT score. The primary outcome rate was higher in HBR versus non-HBR patients (by ARC-HBR criteria: hazard ratio [HR], 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–4.69; p<0.001; by PRECISE-DAPT score: HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.92–4.98; p<0.001). Ticagrelor monotherapy after 3-month DAPT was associated with lower primary outcome rate than ticagrelor-based 12-month DAPT regardless of HBR by ARC-HBR criteria, with similar magnitudes of therapy effect for HBR and non-HBR patients (p-interaction=0.400). Results were consistent by PRECISE-DAPT score (p-interaction=0.178). Conclusions: In ACS patients treated with DESs, ticagrelor monotherapy after 3-month DAPT was associated with lower rate of adverse clinical outcomes regardless of HBR, with similar magnitudes of therapy effect between HBR and non-HBR.

Multiple Measures of Driver Workload according to Takeover Request Lead Time in Conditionally Autonomous Driving

Yong Deok Yun,Hyung Seok Oh,Rohae Myung 대한인간공학회 2020 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.39 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Takeover request lead time (TORlt) on several measures of workload and dissociation among the measures. Background: Autonomous driving has received considerable attention and takeover request (TOR) is one of the major issues in autonomous driving. A human driver must be ready to transfer the control of the vehicle when TOR is given. Therefore, it is important how and when to request driver to transfer the control. In this regard, TORlt have received great attention and there are many existing scholarly works about effect of TORlt on takeover performance. Inappropriate TORlt make driver overload or underload and the abnormal workload deteriorate driver performance in takeover situation. Method: Experiment with driving simulator was conducted. TORlt was controlled in 7 levels (3s, 7s, 10s, 15s, 30s, 45s, 60s) and driver workload was measured by both subjective and physiological methods. Driving Activity Load Index (DALI) was conducted to measure subjective workload and respiration rate (RSP), heart rate (HR), and galvanic skin response (GSR) was used to measure objective workload. Results: TORlt had a significant effect on subjective workload. The result of subjective workload showed that workload and TORlt has a negative relationship. There was also a significant effect of TORlt on GSR. GSR was increased as TORlt increased because of frustration that made by long TORlt. On the other hand, there were no significant effects of TORlt on respiration rate and heart rate. Conclusion: As the workload changes according to TORlt, TORlt is an important factor to be considered in takeover situation. Moreover, multiple measures of workload should be used to investigate workload in takeover situation because there is dissociation among measures. Application: Workload could be used to evaluate takeover performance of drivers. The results of this paper suggest multiple measures including subjective methods and physiological signals be used to assess driver performance in takeover situation.

자율주행 상황에서 제어권 전환 요청 시기가 운전자 작업부하에 미치는 영향

윤용덕(Yong Deok Yun),명노해(Rohae Myung) 대한인간공학회 2019 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.38 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Takeover Request Lead Time (TORlt) to Driver Workload in conditionally autonomous driving (CAD). Background: Takeover request (TOR) is important issue in conditionally autonomous driving. A human driver must be ready to take control of the vehicle when TOR is given. However, driver could be underload when autonomous driving lasts for a long time or be overload if NDRT (Non-driving related task) is highly demanding or TOR appears suddenly. Therefore, investigating driver workload in takeover situation is essential. This paper focuses on effects of TORlt to driver workload. Method: To investigate effects of TORlt to driver workload in CAD, experiment were conducted on the takeover situation through a driving simulator. Experiment were conducted on 7 levels of TORlt (3, 7, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60s) and ghost session. Also, the participants performed NDRT to assume CAD. During the experiments, subjective and physiological workload was measured by DALI (Driving Activity Load Index) and respiration rate respectively. Results: TORlt has a large effect on driver workload. When TORlt was 3 seconds, the subjective and objective workload was the highest. As TORlt increases, both of workload decreases. For subjective workload, there was a slight increase in workload when TORlt was long, but it was not statistically significant. For physiological workload, the workload continued to decline, but there was no statistically significant difference for longer TORlt In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between subjective workload and physiological workload. Therefore, subjective workload can be replaced by physiological workload in takeover situation. Conclusion: As TORlt increases, the driver workload decreases, but the difference is not significant if TORlt was long. Also, subjective workload measurement could be replaced by measuring physiological signals. Application: Through this paper, it has been found that physiological measure could be an alternative for measuring workload in autonomous vehicle. Therefore, in autonomous vehicles, sensors that measure physiological signals will be installed to determine the driver`s workload.

운전 외 작업 중 발생하는 자가개입에 따른 운전자 제어권 전환 퍼포먼스 연구

윤용덕(Yong Deok Yun),오형석(Hyung Seok Oh),명노해(Rohae Myung) 대한인간공학회 2021 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of self-interruption during NDRT on takeover performance. Background: As autonomous driving technology developing, the role of human driver becomes a passive passenger in an automated vehicle. Drivers would perform non-driving related tasks instead of driving, especially multitasking. During performing NDRTs, driver might switch between various tasks by self-interruption. However, most of studies did not considered multitasking as NDRTs. In this study, experiment considering self-interruption is conducted and investigate effects of self-interruption on takeover performance. Method: To investigate effects of self-interruption to takeover performance, experiment using driving simulator was conducted. The experiment consists of three trials depending on types of NDRT. Watching a short video was selected as a NDRT. There were three conditions of NDRT according to self-interruption. One had no self-interruption and others had. Self-interruption was caused by an advertisement for three seconds in the middle of a video. Drivers performed monitoring or smartphone in each conditions with self-interruption. Results: Takeover performance was measured by road-fixation time and takeover time. There was no statistically significant difference for road-fixation time depending on self-interruption. However, self-interruption has a significant effect on takeover time. Takeover time was shorter if there was a self-interruption during NDRT. Also, it was more effective to use a smartphone during self-interruption. Conclusion: Self-interruption during NDRT makes takeover performance better. Takeover time was better in the condition with self-interruption, especially performing smartphone. Application: Generating self-interruption during autonomous driving has a positive impact on takeover performance. This results could be utilized in designing in-vehicle devices and make interaction between drivers and vehicles more active.

A Highly Reliable MEMS Relay With Two-Step Spring System and Heat Sink Insulator for High-Power Switching Applications

Yong-Hoon Yoon,Yong-Ha Song,Seung-Deok Ko,Chang-Hoon Han,Geon-Sik Yun,Min-Ho Seo,Jun-Bo Yoon IEEE 2016 Journal of microelectromechanical systems Vol.25 No.1

<P>This paper reports a highly reliable electrostatic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) relay for high-power switching applications. The main proposal to elevate reliability is to reduce thermal damage in the contact area. Since a contact resistance is the key parameter determining the amount of Joule-heating and the corresponding thermal damage, we devised a unique spring structure to maximize the contact force (resulting in a low contact resistance) using a reasonable actuation voltage named a two-step spring system. Another important feature was applied to alleviate Joule-heating, which is to use an insulator having high thermal conductivity to dissipate the generated heat efficiently, named a heat sink insulator. The fabricated MEMS relay exhibited 2 m Omega in contact resistance, which is the lowest level reported so far with an actuation voltage of 45 V. Reliability was remarkably enhanced over ten times by the heat sink insulator. Consequently, by applying these two approaches simultaneously, the fabricated MEMS relay was successfully operated up to the 5.3 x 10(6) cycles at 1 V/200 mA in ambient air and hot switching condition, which is the highest reliability reported at that power level. [2015-0237]</P>

Outcome of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Invasion. Is It Contraindication for Liver Transplantation?

Deok-Bog Moon,Sung-Gyu Lee,Shin Hwang,Ki-Hun Kim,Chul-Soo Ahn,Tae-Yong Ha,Gi-Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Gil-Chun Park,Sung-Won Jung,Samuel Yun,Jeong-Man Namkung 한국간담췌외과학회 2010 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2010 No.4

Flexible Hydrogen Sensor Using Ni-Zr Alloy Thin Film

Yun, Deok-Whan,Park, Sung Bum,Park, Yong-il Materials Research Society of Korea 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.5

A triple-layered $PMMA/Ni_{64}Zr_{36}/PDMS$ hydrogen gas sensor using hydrogen permeable alloy and flexible polymer layers is fabricated through spin coating and DC-magnetron sputtering. PDMS(polydimethylsiloxane) is used as a flexible substrate and PMMA(polymethylmethacrylate) thin film is deposited onto the $Ni_{64}Zr_{36}$ alloy layer to give a high hydrogen-selectivity to the sensor. The measured hydrogen sensing ability and response time of the fabricated sensor at high hydrogen concentration of 99.9 % show a 20 % change in electrical resistance, which is superior to conventional Pd-based hydrogen sensors, which are difficult to use in high hydrogen concentration environments. At a hydrogen concentration of 5 %, the resistance of electricity is about 1.4 %, which is an electrical resistance similar to that of the $Pd_{77}Ag_{23}$ sensor. Despite using low cost $Ni_{64}Zr_{36}$ alloy as the main sensing element, performance similar to that of existing Pd sensors is obtained in a highly concentrated hydrogen atmosphere. By improving the sensitivity of the hydrogen detection through optimization including of the thickness of each layer and the composition of Ni-Zr alloy thin film, the proposed Ni-Zr-based hydrogen sensor can replace Pd-based hydrogen sensors.

Anti-thrombosis and Anti-oxidant activities of Seven Varieties of Red bean (Vigna angularis)

Deok-Gyeong Kang,Yun-Jin Lee,Ji-Min Kim,Ho-Yong Sohn 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10