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김유진,박미경,박이랑,이보람,이혜림,전선미,양난영,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38
The results of this Study are as follows:33.6% of all participants have insomnia; 22.5% of those who have insomnia are DIS(difficulty in initiating sleep), 17.3% are DMS(difficulty returning to sleep once awakened) and 7.0% awakened too early. 3 4.8% experience sleepiness during daytime. Type 1, experiencing insomnia and sleepi ness during daytime together, is 12.0%, Type 2, with insomnia only, is 21.6%, Type 3, with sleepiness during daytime only, is 22.8% and 43.5% experience no sleeping disturbances. After studying only those with 3 types of sleeping disturbances, it is found that the most common cause of such disturbance is stress 88.4%, anxiety 56.0%, no apparent reason 33.8%, anxiety/fear/terror 29.3%, hurry 23.6%, alcohol/caffeine 16.9%, bedroom tem perature 11.1%, urination during nighttime and persons living together 10.7%, noise from inside 8.9%, illumination 8.0%, and pain/itch 5.8%. The one group revealed significant differences in residential environment(p=0.003). Sex, age, education level, medicine, monthly earning revealed no meaningful differences. Of sleeping behavior, mean duration of sleep latency(p=0.000), whether or not feeling freshness(p=0.000), whether taking enough sleep(p=0.029), whether taking regular sleep(p=0.005) showed significant differences depending on whether or not having insomnia, and mean duration of sleep time, time to sleep, time of rising, whether taking naps did not reveal significant differences. Of sleep behavior, time to sleep(p=0.000), whether taking naps(p=0.000), indicated significant differences. Of sleeping behavior, mean duration of sleep latency(p=0.000), whether or not feeling freshness(p=0.000), and whether taking enough sleep(p=0.000), time of going to bed (p=0.002), whether or not taking nap(p=0.000), whether or not taking regular sleep(p=0.010) indicated significant differences among the sleeping disturbance types.
Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
Kim, Yu Rim,Kim, Dongjae 한국통계학회 2012 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.19 No.6
Phase I trials determine the maximum tolerated dose(MTD) and the recommended dose(RD) for subsequent Phase II trials. In this paper, a MTD estimation method applied to a biased coin design is proposed for Phase I Clinical Trials. The suggested MTD estimation method is compared to the SM3 method and the NM method (Lee and Kim, 2012) using a Monte Carlo simulation study.
Yu Rim Lee,Min Kyu Kang,Jeong Eun Song,Hyun Jung Kim,Young Oh Kweon,Won Young Tak,Se Young Jang,Jung Gil Park,Chang Hyeong Lee,Jae Seok Hwang,Byoung Kuk Jang,Jeong Ill Suh,Woo Jin Chung,Byung Seok Kim 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.4
Background/Aims: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, the implication of pre-existing liver disease on the outcome of COVID-19 remains unresolved. Methods: A total of 1,005 patients who were admitted to five tertiary hospitals in South Korea with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with coexisting liver disease as well as the predictors of disease severity and mortality of COVID-19 were assessed. Results: Of the 47 patients (4.7%) who had liver-related comorbidities, 14 patients (1.4%) had liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was more common in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia than in those with non-severe pneumonia (4.5% vs. 0.9%, P=0.006). Compared to patients without liver cirrhosis, a higher proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis required oxygen therapy; were admitted to the intensive care unit; had septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute kidney injury; and died (P<0.05). The overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those without liver cirrhosis (log-rank test, P=0.003). Along with old age and diabetes, the presence of liver cirrhosis was found to be an independent predictor of severe disease (odds ratio, 4.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–17.02; P=0.026) and death (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.04–9.30; P=0.042) in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: This study suggests liver cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for COVID-19. Stronger personal protection and more intensive treatment for COVID-19 are recommended in these patients.
The Beneficial Effects of Dioscorea Batatas Dence Peel Extracts on Skin Health
Yu-Hyeon Kim,Yu-Rim Lee,Tae-Won Kim,Tae-Hwan Lee,Hun-Seong Kim,Dong-Yup Hahn,Nam-Joo Kang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
The demands for bioactive compounds from natural sources have increased in the cosmeceutical industry. Dioscorea Batatas Dence Flesh (DBF) with various bioactive substances is widely used in the cosmetic industry, while most of Dioscorea Batatas Dence Peel (DBP) is not utilized and is discarded. However, recent studies have shown that DBP has higher bioactive substances than DBF. In this study, we examined the skin biological activities of DBP extract from different solvents. DBP extracts obtained by 70% ethanol (70% EtOH DBP) and 95% ethanol (95% EtOH DBP) were shown to have skin whitening activity by inhibiting the melanin content of B16F10 cells and tyrosinase activity in 20 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate extract of DBP (EA DBP) also inhibited tyrosinase activity in 5 μg/mL. In HDF cells, treatment of DBP extracts after UVB irradiation (20 mJ/cm²) up-regulated type I pro-collagen (Pro-COL1A1) expression and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) level. Additionally, DBP extracts inhibited MMP-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study indicated that DBP extracts can be used as cosmetic ingredients for skin-whitening and anti-photoaging.