The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2

Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

High-frequency micromechanical resonators from aluminium–carbon nanotube nanolaminates

Bak, Jung Hoon,Kim, Young Duck,Hong, Seung Sae,Lee, Byung Yang,Lee, Seung Ran,Jang, Jae Hyuck,Kim, Miyoung,Char, Kookrin,Hong, Seunghun,Park, Yun Daniel Nature Publishing Group 2008 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.7 No.6

At micro- and nanoscales, materials with high Young’s moduli and low densities are of great interest for high-frequency micromechanical resonator devices. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unmatched properties, has added functionality to many man-made composites. We report on the fabrication of ≤100-nm-thick laminates by sputter-deposition of aluminium onto a two-dimensional single-walled CNT network. These nanolaminates—composed of Al, its native oxide Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and CNTs—are fashioned, in a scalable manner, into suspended doubly clamped micromechanical beams. Dynamic flexural measurements show marked increases in resonant frequencies for nanolaminates with Al–CNT laminae. Such increases, further supported by quasi-static flexural measurements, are partly attributable to enhancements in elastic properties arising from the addition of CNTs. As a consequence, these nanolaminate micromechanical resonators show significant suppression of mechanical nonlinearity and enhanced strength, both of which are advantageous for practical applications and analogous to biological nanocomposites, similarly composed of high-aspect-ratio, mechanically superior mineral platelets in a soft protein matrix.

전통누룩 진균류를 이용한 입국의 제조 및 입국곰팡이의 동정

김재호 ( Jae Ho Kim ),권영희 ( Young Hee Kwon ),이애란 ( Ae Ran Lee ),김혜련 ( Hye Ryun Kim ),안병학 ( Byung Hak Ahn ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Various koji were prepared by fungi isolated from traditional nuruk and their quality characteristics were investigated. Acidity and saccharification power of their koji were ranged in 5.0~6.8 and 128sp~241sp. Nine fungi which were showed good quality and sensory evaluation were identified by analysis of their nucleotide sequences with PCR-amplified 18S rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1(ITS-1) and ITS-4 genes. Among them, six strains were identified as Aspergillus oryzae and the other strains were identified as Mycocladus corymbiferus, Rhizopus oryzae, Lichtheimia corymbifera.

가족계층에 따른 청년자녀세대의 성인기 이행 및 정책대응 방안 연구

김영란(Kim, Young-ran),장혜경(Chang, Hye-kyung),이윤석(Lee, Yun-suk) 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2017 한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.-

1. 연구 개요 가. 연구 배경 및 목적 한국사회에서 청년은 학업-취업-결혼으로 이어지는 생애과정 동안 각각 학자금, 실업, 결혼비용 등의 다양한 어려움에 직면하고 있다(이철선?김문길 외 2016: 14; 이철선?김영란 외 2016: 31에서 재인용). 이러한 청년세대의 문제에 대해 김지경 외(2015: 3)는 성인기로의 진입이 유예되고 있다고 표현하고 있다. 즉 부모에게 의존했던 아동에서 독립된 한사람으로서 성장하기 위한 준비기이자 과도기(장휘숙, 2010: 4, 김지경 외, 2015: 3에서 재인용)로 설명되는 청소년기를 지나면 독립된 성인으로 넘어가게 되는데 성인기로의 이행과정이 이루어지는 청소년기가 길어지면서 성인기 이행 지체가 일어난다는 것이다. 이에 청소년기 연령을 지난 20대 후반이나 30대 초반까지도 독립적인 성인으로서의 요건을 갖추지 못하거나 불충분하게 갖춘 청년들이 늘어나고 있는 것이다. 현재까지 청년세대의 성공적인 성인기 이행을 위한 비용과 투자는 대부분 부모세대와 가족의 부담이었다. 부모나 가족의 계층지위에 따라 자녀세대에 대한 경제적 지원 규모의 차이는 있지만, 대체로 부모와 가족이 일차적으로 책임져왔다(예를 들어 대학 등록금, 취업 시까지 생활비, 결혼 비용 지원 등). 그러나 노년기의 장기화, 경제적 여건 등의 문제로 인하여 부모세대 또한 경제적 어려움을 경험할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 더욱이 계층 양극화의 심화에 따라 부모세대와 가족이 청년자녀세대의 미래에 대한 투자를 감당할 수 없게 될 가능성 또한 높아지고 있어 이에 대비한 정책적 대응 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 청년자녀세대와 부모세대간의 경제적 자원 이동 실태를 파악하고 가족계층에 따라 청년자녀세대에 대한 경제적 지원의 차이가 있는지를 알아볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청년자녀세대의 성인기 이행 단계별로 부모의 경제적 지원 실태 및 부모의 경제적 지위에 따른 차이를 조사하고 정책 대응방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 청년자녀세대와 부모세대간의 상호 경제적 지원 실태를 분석하고, 둘째, 가족계층에 따라 청년자녀세대에 대한 경제적 지원의 차이를 파악하는데 있다. 마지막으로 이러한 실태 파악에 기반하여 청년자녀세대에 대한 부모의 경제적 지원 차이, 즉 가족 계층 배경에 따라 청년세대들이 경험하게 되는 불평등 문제를 보정하기 위한 정책 대응 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 나. 연구 내용 및 방법 본 연구의 주요 내용은 다음과 같다 첫째, 성인기 이행에 대하여 관련 선행연구를 통하여 검토하였다. 청년자녀세대와 부모세대의 경제적 자원 이전관련 연구 동향을 정리하고 세대 간 경제적 지위 이전에 대한 선행연구도 검토하였다. 둘째, 경제적으로 부모에게 의존하는 25세에서 34세 연령의 청년 규모를 파악하고 추이변화에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 소득이 없는 청년자녀가 있는 가구와 소득이 있는 청년자녀를 가진 가구의 경제적 상황을 비교 분석하였다. 셋째, 청년과 부모의 세대 간 경제적 지원(intergenerational transfers) 관계를 살펴보았다. 성인이행기를 경험하고 있는 청년과 이들의 부모들 간 경제적 지원 이전을 분석하였다. 결혼을 하지 않은 19세부터 39세 성인자녀와 비동거하는 부모 간에 경제적 자원 교환 실태 및 경제적 자원 교환에 영향을 끼치는 요인에 대하여 알아보았다. 데이터는 한국노동연구원의 노동패널자료를 활용하였다. 넷째, 성인기 이행 시기별 부모의 경제적 지원 규모와 부모의 경제적 지위별 차이를 알아보았다. 청년자녀를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 학업 시기, 취업 시기, 결혼 시기에 부모로부터 받은 경제적 지원의 규모를 조사하여 분석하였다. 또 부모특성별 경제적 지원 규모 차이에 대해 알아보았다. 다섯째, 가족 계층에 따른 성인기 이행 시기별 경제적 지윈 규모의 차이에 따른 불평등을 해소하고, 성인기 이행을 지원하기 위한 정책대응 방안을 발굴하였다. Young adults in Korean society have recently faced many difficulties, including school expenses, unemployment, and wedding costs during their life transition that proceeds from education to employment and marriage. Although they should become independent adults when they move on from their youth, a growing number of young adults could not meet or insufficiently met the requirements for being independent adults even in the second half of their 20s and in the first half of their 30s. Young adult children’s delay in financial independence means their parents need to provide a prolonged period of financial support for their children and must take on the added burden of support for children by the parent generation. In this context, the study aims to identify the actual conditions of parents’ financial support for their young adult children and to examine whether there is any difference between family groups. According to the results of the study, the size of financially dependent young adults between ages 25 and 34 has continually increased. In other words, the trends in the proportion of young adults between ages 25 and 34 who were financially dependent on their parents to all national health insurance subscribers show that the proportion rose from 25.3% in 2002 to 30.0% in 2015 for those aged between 25 and 29 and from 9.0% in 2002 to 12.8% in 2015 for those aged between 30 and 34. Next, using the data from the KLIPS(Korean Labor & Income Panel Study), the study investigated the characteristics of intergenerational transfers of financial support between young adult children and their parent generation. The results of the study show that among the characteristics, gender, age, personal income and parents’ household income had a significant impact on the intergenerational transfers. In other words, sons received more financial support from parents than daughters did, and as the children become older and have more income, they received less support. However, the higher the parents’ household income, the more likely they were to provide financial support for their children. Also, according to the results of examining parents’ financial support for children by the phase of transition to adulthood, including the period of schooling, employment, and marriage, parents provided financial support for each period. When examined by period, the proportion of “receiving support” was higher as parents had more assets and higher economic status when their children were 20 years old. During the period of employment, the fathers’ educational levels, the parents’ assets, and the parents’ economic status were statistically significant. Different factors influenced wedding costs for men and women: only the parents’ assets were significant for men, while the parents’ educational levels and economic status were significant for women. It was also found that only the parents’ assets had a statistically significant impact on costs for men’s preparation of housing for marriage, while the parents’ income and current economic status had a significant impact on costs for women’s preparation of housing for marriage.

장애유아의 어머니가 인식한 자녀의 일상적 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 생태학적 변인 탐색

김영란(Kim, Young-Ran),이병인(Lee, Byoung-In) 한국웰니스학회 2015 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.10 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 장애유아의 일상적 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 생태학적 관점에서 탐색해봄으로써, 장애유아가 받는 일상적 스트레스를 조기에 예방하고 대처하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 수도권 보육기관에 재원중인 장애유아를 대상으로 한 어머니용 일상적 스트레스 평정지와 어머니 및 담임교사용 질문지를 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 통계처리는차이검정, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 수행하여 결론을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 장애유아의 전체 일상적 스트레스는 일반유아에 비하여 낮게 나타났으며, 일상적 스트레스 하위 영역별로 보면 ‘비난-공격 상황’에서 일상적 스트레스가 가장 높게 나타났고, 그 다음 ‘불안-좌절 상황’, ‘자존심 상한 상황’ 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장애유아의 일상적 스트레스의 상대적 영향력은 유기체 변인군이 가장 높았고, 그 다음 미시체계 보육기관 변인군, 미시체계 가정 변인군 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 장애유아의 일상적 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 생태학적 변인 중 장애유아의 유기체 변인인 '장애'와기질 변인인 '활동성', '적응성', '반응강도', '집중력·지속성'은 장애유아의 일상적 스트레스를 증가시키는 요인으로 , 그리고 미시체계 보육기관 변인인 '장애전담'은 장애유아의 일상적 스트레스를 감소시키는 요인으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate, on the ecological perspective, variables affecting the daily stress of young children with disabilities and to provide basic data for prevention and coping with the daily stress . And for the purpose this study was performed using data of daily stress perceived empirically by mothers of young children with disabilities attending childcare center in the metropolitan area and using data from the questionnaires for their teachers and mothers. In statistical process for this study, ANOVA(t-test or F-test), correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. The major findings are as follows: Firstly, the overall average score of the daily stress of young children with disabilities was lower than normal young children, Especially, daily stress of young children with disabilities was highest under the 'blame-attack situation', and then under the 'anxiety- frustrated situation', and under the 'lose self-respect situations' consecutively. Secondly, the relative influence of ecological variables group affecting the daily stress of young children with disabilities showed that the organic system variables group was strongest, and then micro-system childcare center variables group, and micro-system home variables group consecutively. Thirdly, it showed that organic-system variable 'disability' and the infant's temperament variables 'activity', 'adaptability', 'intensity of reaction' and 'attention span and persistence' increased the daily stress of young children with disabilities, while micro-system childcare center variable 'professional childcare center of disabilities' decreased the daily stress of young children with disabilities.

Chitin deacetylase from Absidia coerulea CHK-1 : Mycerial chitin deacetylase of a chitin deacelylase-hyperproducuing fungus, Absidia coerulea CHK-1

Park, Chun,Kim, Jung Ran,Shin, Jae Kyoung,Kim, June Ki,Lee, Tae Kyun,Chung, Ji Chun,Park, Weon Hwan,Park, Sun Dong,Nam, Kyung Soo,Lee, Young Choon,Kim, Cheorl Ho 한국키틴키토산학회 1997 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.2 No.2

A mycelial chitin deacetylase has been purified from a chitin deacetylase-hyperproducing fungus, Absidiα coerulea CHK-1. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of about 62 kDa on denaturated and natural conditions. The pI was 5.5. The chitin deacetylase, when resolved by SDS-PAGE, was positive for Schiff staining, suggesting that the enzyme is a glycoprotein. When O-hydroxylated chitin (glycolchitin) was used as a substrate, the enzyme displayed a temperature optimum of around 50℃ and a pH optimum of around PH 5,5. The enzyme was stable to incubation from pH 3.0 to pH 6.5 at 4℃ for 24 hr. The presence of chitin protected the enzyme from heat inactivation, the extent depending upon the substrate concentration. The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by Mn2+ ion. The enzyme is active on chitooligosaccharides with more than two N-acetylglucosamine residues (M-acetylchitobiose). However, the enzyme is not active on N-acetylglucosamine. The enzyme had an apparent Km of 12.4 mM and Kcat of 32.4 /sec for glycol chitin, respectively.

Consumption of Water-Soluble Egg Yolk Extract on Growth Rate, Changes in Blood Cholesterol Levels, and Immune Modulation in BALB/c Mice

Lee, Won-Young,Lee, Ran,Kim, Hee-Chan,Lee, Kyung-Hoon,Noh, Kyung Sook,Kim, Hyoun Wook,Kim, Ji-Hyuk,Ahn, Dong-Uk,Jang, In-Surk,Jang, Aera,Lee, Hoon-Taek,Song, Hyuk Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.5

Egg consumption has been limited to avoid cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, because the yolk contains high levels of cholesterol. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the water-soluble component of egg-yolk on the growth efficiency, immune modulation, and changes in serum lipid levels in BALB/c mice. A total 5 wk old 120 BALB/c male mice were divided into 4 groups and were fed 0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/d water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) for 5 wk. Water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) uptake resulted in a significant reduction in daily weight gain and feed efficiency rate (FER). The mouse groups treated with 2 and 20 mg/d WSEYE showed a significant increase in populations of monocytes at the third wk and B-lymphocyte activity at the fifth wk. In addition, WSEYE uptake did not influence serum immunoglobulin E levels. In serum lipid-profile studies, treatment of WSEYE did not alter total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; however, blood triglyceride levels were significantly diminished in mice treated with 2 mg/d at the third wk (p<0.05), and the level of high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the mice group treated with 2 and 10 mg/d WSEYE after 5 wk (p<0.05). Taken together, the data demonstrate the beneficial effects of WSEYE in the diet on immune modulation and serum lipid profiles in mouse models; therefore, this study suggests that ingestion of water-soluble fraction of egg yolk might not be related to the increased risk of heart disease, but can be an excellent candidate for maintaining health.

Trigger finger secondary to a neglected flexor tendon rupture

Lee, Malrey,Jung, Young-Ran,Lee, Young-Keun Wolters Kluwer Health 2019 Medicine Vol.98 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Secondary trigger finger caused by trauma to the hand, especially associated with partial flexor tendon rupture, is not a common condition. Thus, the clinical manifestations of these patients are not well-known. The aim of this study is to present secondary trigger finger caused by a neglected partial flexor tendon rupture including discussion of the mechanism and treatment.</P><P>We retrospectively reviewed the records of 6 patients with trigger finger caused by a neglected partial flexor tendon rupture who had been treated with exploration, debridement, and repairing of the ruptured tendon from August 2010 to May 2015. The average patient age was 41 years (range, 23–59). The time from injury to treatment averaged 4.7 months. The average follow-up period was 9 months (range, 4–18). Functional outcome was evaluated from a comparison between the Quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, which were measured at the time of preoperation and final follow up.</P><P>Four patients showed partial rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon and 3 showed partial rupture of the flexor digitorun superficialis (FDS) tendon. Both the FDP and FDS tendons were partially ruptured in 2 patients, and the remaining patient had a partial rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. All patients regained full range of motion, and there has been no recurrence of triggering. The average VAS score decreased from 3.6 (range, 3–5) preoperatively to 0.3 (range, 0–1) at the final follow up. The average Quick-DASH score decreased from 33.6 preoperatively to 5.3 at the final follow up.</P><P>When we encounter patients with puncture or laceration wounds in flexor zone 2, even when the injury appears to be simple, partial flexor tendon laceration must be taken into consideration and early exploration is recommended.</P>

Effect of Natural Additives and Growth Medium of Seedling in vitro of Paphiopedilum Hydrids

Young-Ran Lee,Mi-Seon Kim,Jae-Yeong Kim 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-