강산 및 강알칼리 음독에서 냉각 용액을 사용한 희석 요법과 중화 요법의 가능성

이중의,송형곤,김동훈,권운용,곽영호,서길준,윤여규 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: There is no effective treatment modality for caustic agent ingestion. Dilution and neutralization are prohibited because of the risk of secondary thermal injury. This experiment is designed to evaluate the amount of dilution and neutralization heat and to gauge the applicability of dilution and neutralization therapy using cold solutions to suppress the peak temperature. Methods: This is an in-vitro chemical experiment. HCl, CH3COOH, NaOH, and NH4OH are selected as representatives of strong and weak acids and strong and weak alkali, respectively. 20℃, 11.6M, 5.8M, and 2.9M solutions of each acid and alkali are made and mixed using a magnetic stirrer at a room air temperature of 28℃. The peak temperature, the duration above 40℃, and the heat amount are measured or calculated. Results: When a 11.6M HCl or NaOH solution is diluted with same amount of water, 32 or 18cal. per mL of HCl or NaOH is produced, respectively. HCl produces a significant peak temperature, but NaOH does not. The lower the concentration, the lower the amount of heat production. 11.6M CH3COOH and NH4OH solutions don't produce dilution heat.11.6M and 5.8M solutions of all acids and alkali produce destructive neutralization heat. However, 2.9M solutions produce neutralization heat which might be controllable. When a 11.6M HCl or NaOH solution is neutralized with a -10℃ 2.9 M NaOH or HCl solution, respectively, the peak temperature produced is below 40℃ and seems to add little thermal damage to viable tissue. Conclusion: Dilution and neutralization with a cold solution in cases of strong acid or alkali ingestion is a promising method to avoid thermal injury.

응급의료센터로 내원한 급성 A형 간염 환자의 임상적 고찰

곽영호,신중호,정성구,이중의,서길준,윤여규,이창현 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical manifestations of acute hepatities A in an emergency center. Methods: All hepatitis A patients who visited the emergency center of Seoul National University Hospital from October 1999 to March 2002 were analyzed using a retrospective medical record review. Variables included in the data analysis were age, sex, clinical symptoms and signs, and laboratory findings on initial presentation and their peak values. Results: A total of 31 patients showed positive for the anti-HAV lgM antibody, and 29 patients had apparent hepatitis A. The number of hepatitis A cases per month in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 were 1.33, 0.25, 0.92, and 4.3, respectively. Among the 29 patients, 15 were brought to the emergency center and constituted the study group. The mean age were 22.3 years old. The most common symptoms were nausea and vomiting (100%), followed by fever (86.7%), anorexia (66.7%). Common signs were jaundice (53.3%) and hepatomegaly (46.7%). Seven patients admitted via the outpatient department were older and had a longer duration of symptoms from onset to diagnosis than the study group. The mean values of the initial laboratory tests were serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 3,044 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 3,521 IU/L, and a total bilirubin of 4.15 mg/dL. The peak mean values of those variables were 4,067 IU/L, 4,662 IU/L, and 7.35 mg/dL, respectively. All patients recovered without complications. Conclusion: Patients with hepatitis A showed benign clinical features. This study revealed a trend of increasing incidence of hepatitis A in adults and suggested the possibility of an outbreak. Further effort to prevent the propagation of the disease is warranted.

피부색 분할과 소벨 마스크를 이용한 얼굴 영역 검출

유창연(Chang-Youn Yoo),권동진(Dong-Jin Kwon),장언동(Un-Dong Chang),김영길(Young-Gil Kim),곽내정(Nae-Joung Kwak),안재형(Jae-Hyeong Ahn) 한국멀티미디어학회 2002 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.1

칼라맵 인덱스와 Hue 정보를 이용한 칼라 영상 분할

유창연(Chang-Youn Yoo),곽내정(Nae-Jung Kwak),김영길(Young-Gil Kim),안재형(Jae-Hyung Ahn) 한국멀티미디어학회 2003 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2003 No.1

Aqueous Extract of Dendropanax morbiferus Leaves Effectively Alleviated Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Impediments against MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice

Shin-Young Park,Youn Gil Kwak,Dong-Kug Choi 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Dendropanax morbifera (DM) is an endemic plant species of South Korea, and it has been used extensively as traditional medicine to treat numerous clinical complications. In this study, we conducted an initial profiling of the few major phytoconstituents of aqueous DM leaf extracts (DML) and quantified the same using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We subsequently evaluated the antineuroinflammatory activity and ameliorative potential of DML in both in vitro and in vivo experimental PD models. The prophylactic treatment of DML effectually improved the behavioral deficits, curbed the microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, and protected dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss by restoring tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in brain tissue of the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. We conducted chromatographic profiling and identified chlorogenic acid (CA) as a major constituent (19.5 mg/g of BuOH fraction), which has been well documented as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This was found to be in harmony with our in vitro results, where DML suppressed the level of inflammatory mediators and allied the signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated microglial cells. The results of our study indicate that Dendropanax morbifera and its bioactive constituents can be developed as potential therapeutic candidates against progressive PD complications.

Early fragment removal on in vitro fertilization day 2 significantly improves the subsequent development and clinical outcomes of fragmented human embryos

Kim, Seok-Gi,Kim, Youn-Young,Park, Ji-Young,Kwak, Su-Jin,Yoo, Chang-Seok,Park, Il-Hae,Sun, Hong-Gil,Kim, Jae-Won,Lee, Kyeong-Ho,Park, Hum-Dai,Chi, Hee-Jun The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2018 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.45 No.3

Objective: To determine whether fragment removal on in vitro fertilization (IVF) day 2 improved the subsequent development and pregnancy outcomes of fragmented embryos compared to similar-grade embryos without fragment removal. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis involving 191 IVF cycles in which all embryos had over 10% fragmentation (grade 3 or 4) on day 2 of the IVF-embryo transfer cycle from March 2015 to December 2017. IVF cycles were divided into the fragment removal group (n = 87) and the no fragment removal group (n = 104) as a control cohort. Before fragment removal, embryos with fragmentation on day 2 were incubated in $Ca^{2+}$- and $Mg^{2+}$-free biopsy medium under paraffin oil for 30 minutes. Microsurgical fragment removal was performed with later-assisted hatching and a handmade suction micropipette that had an outer diameter of $30{\mu}m$. Results: There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the patients between the control and the fragment removal groups. After fragment removal and subsequent in vitro culture for 24 hours, the number of blastomeres ($7.1{\pm}1.7$ vs. $6.9{\pm}1.6$) was comparable between the transferred embryos in the two groups, but the morphological grade of the embryos in the fragment removal group ($1.9{\pm}0.7$) was significantly higher than that of the control group ($3.1{\pm}0.5$, p< 0.01). The clinical pregnancy (43.7%) and implantation rates (25.8%) in the fragment removal group were significantly higher than those in the control group (28.8% and 14.0%, respectively; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Early fragment removal on day 2 significantly improved the subsequent development and pregnancy outcomes of fragmented embryos.

Efficient isolation of sperm with high DNA integrity and stable chromatin packaging by a combination of density-gradient centrifugation and magnetic-activated cell sorting

Chi, Hee-Jun,Kwak, Su-Jin,Kim, Seok-Gi,Kim, Youn-Young,Park, Ji-Young,Yoo, Chang-Seok,Park, Il-Hae,Sun, Hong-Gil,Kim, Jae-Won,Lee, Kyeong-Ho The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2016 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.43 No.4

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the correlations of the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) with semen parameters and apoptosis, and to investigate the effects of density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) on reducing the proportion of sperm with DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency. Methods: Semen analysis and a sperm DNA fragmentation assay were performed to assess the correlations between semen parameters and the DFI in 458 semen samples. Sperm with progressive motility or non-apoptosis were isolated by DGC or MACS, respectively, in 29 normozoospermic semen samples. The effects of DGC or MACS alone and of DGC and MACS combined on reducing the amount of sperm in the sample with DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were investigated. Results: The sperm DFI showed a significant correlation (r=-0.347, p< 0.001) with sperm motility and morphology (r=-0.114, p< 0.05) but not with other semen parameters. The DFI ($11.5%{\pm}2.0%$) of semen samples was significantly reduced by DGC ($8.1%{\pm}4.1%$) or MACS alone ($7.4%{\pm}3.9%$) (p< 0.05). The DFI was significantly further reduced by a combination of DGC and MACS ($4.1%{\pm}1.3%$, p< 0.05). Moreover, the combination of DGC and MACS ($1.6%{\pm}1.1%$, p< 0.05) significantly reduced the protamine deficiency rate of semen samples compared to DGC ($4.4%{\pm}3.2%$) or MACS alone ($3.4%{\pm}2.2%$). Conclusion: The combination of DGC and MACS may be an effective method to isolate high-quality sperm with progressive motility, non-apoptosis, high DNA integrity, and low protamine deficiency in clinical use.

Comparison of Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of the Extracts from Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and of Perna canaliculus In Vivo and In Vitro

Jing Hui Feng,Seung Hwan Hwang,Youn Gil Kwak,Min-Jung Kim,Jeong Hun Jo,Soon Sung Lim,Hong Won Suh 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, as a traditional medicine, has been reported to be widely used on anti-inflammatory activity in many studies, as well as Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Previously, we have reported that the mixture extract (ME) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb (AP) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) could produce an antinociceptive effect in the gout arthritis model. Also, the Perna canaliculus extracts (PCE) has well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis effects. Then, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the ME by using in vitro and in vivo models. At the same time, we project to compare with the PCE, which as a positive control. Results showed that both the once or continuously one-week treatment of the ME or the PCE reduced the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis model. However, we found that at the same dose of the ME and PCE, ME showed more and earlier effectiveness than the PCE. Both the ME and PCE also suppressed the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP expression in the MIA-induced arthritis model. Additionally, the release of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 were inhibited by the ME and the PCE in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, TNF-α and MAPKs proteins expression were down-regulated by the ME and the PCE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, in the other in vivo assay, the change of ear weight in croton oil-induced ear edema model in mice was significantly reduced by treatment with the ME or the PCE at equally efficacy. Therefore, we suggest that the ME from AP and SM possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects which indicate AP and SM could be a potential candidate for arthritis or ear edema treatment.

잔티젠(Xanthigen)에 의한 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 개선 효과

최경미(Kyeong-Mi Choi),이윤선(Youn-Sun Lee),김원균(Wonkyun Kim),최영현(Yung-Hyun Choi),곽연길(Youn-Gil Kwak),정재철(Jae-Chul Jung),이정래(Jeongrai Lee),유환수(Hwan-Soo Yoo) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.12

비만은 대사성 질환의 주요 위험 인자이다. 최근, 천연물질들의 비만 개선효과에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 잔티젠은 체중감소와 지질 대사 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 미역에서 유래한 fucoxanthin과 석류씨 오일에서 유래한 punicic acid로 구성된 복합 추출물이다. 본 연구에서, 우리는 C57BL/6N 마우스를 이용하여 잔티젠이 고지방식이로 유도된 비만을 개선시킬 수 있는지 조사하였다. 마우스는 각각 정상식이 대조군, 고지방식이 대조군, 고지방식이 + 1% 잔티젠군, 고지방식이 + 1% 녹차 추출물 양성대조군으로 나누어 11주간 사육하였다. 잔티젠 투여군은 고지방식이군과 비교하여 식이효율과 체중이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 체중 변화와 유사하게, 잔티젠은 복부부고환 지방조직과 후복막 지방조직 및 간의 무게를 고지방식이군 대비 뚜렷하게 감소시켰고, 혈청 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량 또한 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 잔티젠의 탁월한 항비만 효과를 갖는 건강기능식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 제시한다. Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic diseases. Recently, naturally occurring compounds that may improve obesity have received increasing attention. Xanthigen is a mixture of fucoxanthin and punicic acid derived from brown seaweed and pomegranate seed, respectively, which have been traditionally used for lipid-lowering effects in humans. In this study, we investigated whether Xanthigen attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice. The mice were fed on a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus 1% Xanthigen or HFD plus 1% green tea extract (GTE) for 11 weeks. Food efficiency ratio (FER) and body weight were significantly reduced in mice fed HFD plus Xanthigen compared to HFD-fed mice. Consistent with the results in body weight change, Xanthigen also significantly decreased the weights of epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and liver in HFD plus 1% Xanthigen-fed mice. The serum level of low-density ipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was significantly decreased in HFD plus Xanthigen-fed mice compared to HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that Xanthigen may be useful in the development of a functional health food for anti-obesity.

잠재성 유두상 갑상선암에서 원발종양의 크기에 따른 공격성 정도 분석

박해린(Hai-Lin Park),곽진영(Jin Young Kwak),강석선(Seok Seon Kang),김도연(Do Youn Kim),강형곤(Hyung Gon Kang),심정연(Jung Yeon Shim),김유리(Yoori Kim),박원근(Won Kun Park),최영길(Young Gil Choi) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.73 No.6

Purpose: Occult papillary thyroid carcinomas (OPC) are defined as tumors measuring <15 ㎜. These tumors are believed to be a less aggressive subset of papillary cancers. They generally behave more like benign lesions and are often more conservatively treated. However, it is unclear if a cancer 1.0 to 1.5 ㎝ in diameter will have a similar favorable clinical behavior as tumors <1.0 ㎝ (micropapillary thyroid carcinoma). Therefore, a retrospective chart review study of patients with OPC in order was carried out in order to answer this question and characterize the biology and optimal treatment for OPCs. Methods: From October 2001 to January 2007, Among the impalpable thyroid nodules detected incidentally during screening examinations, 260 patients underwent surgery for occult papillary thyroid cancer (OPC) at Kangnam Cha University hospital. The data from these patients was analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow up period was 25.6 ± 14.5 (max:63, min:1) months. Results: The mean age of these patients was 42.8 years, and 233 (89.5%) were female. 46.2% of patients underwent a total or neartotal thyroidectomy, and 54.6% underwent a central lymph node dissection. Of the 260 patients, 55 (21.2%) had lymph node metastases. The OPC presented with signs of aggressiveness including multifocality (34.2%), bilaterality (17.7%), capsular invasion (52.7%), and lymph node metastases (21.2%). A progressively increasing frequency of the signs of tumor aggressiveness was observed with increasing tumor size at presentation. LN metastases were associated with the tumor size (P=0.0063), extracapsular invasion (P=0.0015) and multfocallity (P=0.0020). However, there was no association with age and gender. With a follow-up of up to 63 months, 3 patients had a local recurrence (0.014%). No patients currently have active disease and no patients with OPC died during this period. Conclusion: In OPC patients, there is a progressively increasing frequency of the signs of tumor aggressiveness with increasing tumor size. Moreover, a small size itself cannot guarantee low risk and low recurrence rate. The prevalence of LN metastases and extracapsular invasion were higher in those with a tumor size >0.5 ㎝. A near-total or total thyroidectomy with a central lymph node dissection is the preferred treatment. The early detection and treatment of OPC might be warranted through the routine use of thyroid USG and USG-guided FNA.