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( Hiroyuki Suzuki ),( Takayoshi Saito ),( Tetsuo Katsuura ),( Yoshihiro Shimomura ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
A diagnostic ultrasound system is an apparatus to aid in examination and diagnosis by displaying cross-sectional images of body tissues, their movements, and blood flow produced based on the intensities and phases of reflected echoes. Most the operators operate the probe by the right hand and the operation panel by the left hand during ultrasonic diagnosis in Japan. Ultrasound examinations tend to put sonographers in unnatural postures, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, we focused on the height and the horizontal positioning of the operation panel of the diagnostic ultrasound system to quantitatively assess the influence of panel height (work plane height) and work plane position on musculoskeletal stress during scanning in a sitting position. Eight subjects (6 males and 2 females) were asked to perform a simulated scanning task that involved touching 9 points on the operation panel at 4 different panel heights. Five subjects (2 males and 3 females) were asked to perform a simulated scanning task that involved touching fie points on the control panel, with the work plane set at different positions in space. Electromyograms of each part of the body and wrist joint angles indicated that the optimum height of the operation panel during scanning in a sitting position was elbow height, the least stressful position of the left hand was about 350 mm from the center of the trunk in the longitudinal (front-back) direction and 100 mm left of the center of the trunk in the lateral (right-left) direction.
‘An Incomplete Contract Approach to Eurozone Fiscal Governance’ – Commitment vs. Flexibility
Yutaka Suzuki,Yoshihiro Tsuranuki 한국국제경제학회 2017 International Economic Journal Vol.31 No.2
In this paper, we take an incomplete contract approach to Eurozone Fiscal Governance between the European Commission (EC) and any heavily debt member state, Greece in particular. Incomplete contract approach makes possible to put a long process of Eurozone Fiscal Governance into an extensive form game in which a renegotiation procedure is incorporated. We theoretically reveal the conflict of interests between the EC (Germany) and Greece over the Greek debt repayment plan proposed in 2015. We show that the Greek’s position is consistent with incomplete contract theory, but that the EC (Germany) does not allow the renegotiation for restructuring for growth-oriented debt repayment program proposed by the Greek government because the EC (Germany) judges that the commitment effect (on fiscal austerity) is greater than the flexibility one (pro-growth effect). This will undoubtedly provide a novel and interesting approach to Eurozone Fiscal Governance.
Hiroyuki Suzuki,Takayoshi Saito,Tetsuo Katsuura,Yoshihiro Shimomura 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
A diagnostic ultrasound system is an apparatus to aid in examination and diagnosis by displaying cross sectional images of body tissues, their movements, and blood flow produced based on the intensities and phases of reflected echoes. Most the operators operate the probe by the right hand and the operation panel by the left hand during ultra -sonic diagnosis in Japan.Ultrasound examinations tend to put sonographers in unnatural postures, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, we focused on the height and the horizontal positioning of the operation panel of the diagnostic ultra -sound system to quantitatively assess the influence of panel height (work plane height) and work plane position on musculoskeletal stress during scanning in a sitting position. Eight subjects (6 males and 2 females) were asked to perform a simulated scanning task that involved touching 9 points on the operation panel at 4 different panel heights. Five subjects (2 males and 3 females) were asked to perform a simulated scanning task that involved touching five points on the control panel, with the work plane set at different positions in space. Electromyograms of each part of the body and wrist joint angles indicated that the optimum height of the operation panel during scanning in a sitting position was elbow height, the least stressful position of the left hand was about 350 mm from the center of the trunk in the longitudinal (front–back) direction and 100 mm left of the center of the trunk in the lateral (right–left) direction. The height of the operation panel during scanning in a sitting position affects the stress on the forearm and shoulder. We indicated that the optimum height of the operation panel was elbow height. The longitudinal position of the control panel during scanning in a sitting position affected the stress in the left forearm and left lumbar regions. The lateral position of the control panel during scanning in a sitting position affected the stress in the left shoulder rgion.We indicated that the least stressful position of the left hand was these on the horizontal positioning of the operation panel.
Yoshiyuki Matsuyama,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Miyako Suzuki,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Gen Inoue,Yasuchika Aoki,Tetsuhiro Ishikawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Hiroto Kamoda,Gou Kubota,Yasuhiro Oikawa,Kazuhide Inage,Ta 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5
Study Design: Experimental animal study. Purpose: To evaluate pain-related behavior and changes in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), and ligand (RANKL) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after combined sciatic nerve compression and nucleus pulposus (NP) application in rats. Overview of Literature: The pathological mechanisms underlying pain from lumbar-disc herniation have not been fully elucidated. RANKL are transcriptional regulators of inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to evaluate pain-related behavior and RANKL expression in DRG after sciatic-nerve compression and application of NP in rats. Methods: Mechanical hyperalgesia and RANKL expression were assessed in three groups of rats: NP+sciatic nerve compression (2 seconds), sham-operated, and controls (n=20 each). Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured every other day for 3 weeks using von Frey filaments. RANKL expression in L5 DRGs was examined at five and ten days after surgery using immunohistochemistry. Results: Mechanical hyperalgesia was observed over the 12-day observation period in the NP+nerve compression group, but not in the control and sham-operated animal groups (p <0.05). RANKL immunoreactivity was seen in the nuclei of L5 DRG neurons, and its expression was significantly upregulated in NP+nerve compression rats compared with control and sham-operated rats (p <0.01). Conclusions: The exposure of sciatic nerves to mechanical compression and NP produces pain-related behavior and up-regulation of RANKL in DRG neurons. RANKL may play an important role in mediating pain after sciatic nerve injury with exposure to NP.
Masaki Norimoto,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Miyako Suzuki,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Gen Inoue,Yasuchika Aoki,Tetsuhiro Ishikawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Hiroto Kamoda,Gou Kubota,Yasuhiro Oikawa,Kazuhide Inage,Takesh 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5
Study Design: Experimental animal study. Purpose: To evaluate pain-related behavior and changes in glial activity in the spinal dorsal horn after combined sciatic nerve compression and nucleus pulposus (NP) application in rats. Overview of Literature: Mechanical compression and inflammation caused by prostaglandins and cytokines at disc herniation sites induce pain. Structural changes and pain-associated cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn contribute to prolonged pain. Glial cells in the spinal dorsal horn may also function in pain transmission. Methods: The sciatic nerve was compressed with NP for 2 seconds using forceps in the NP+nerve compression group; the shamoperated group received neither compression nor NP; and the control group received no operation. Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured for 3 weeks using von Frey filaments. Glial activity in the spinal dorsal horn was examined 7 days and 14 days postsurgery using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 antibodies to detect astrocytes and microglia, respectively. Results: Mechanical hyperalgesia was detected throughout the 14-day observation in the NP+nerve compression group, but not in control or sham-operated groups (p <0.05). Both astrocytes and microglia were significantly increased in the spinal dorsal horn of the NP+nerve compression group compared to control and sham groups on days 7 and 14 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Nerve compression with NP application produces pain-related behavior, and up-regulates astrocytes and microglia in the spinal dorsal horn, suggesting that these glia may be related to pain transmission.
Fatigue damage detection of CFRP using the electrical resistance change method
Akira Todoroki,Yoshihiro Mizutani,Yoshiro Suzuki,Daichi Haruyama 한국항공우주학회 2013 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.14 No.4
Electrical resistance change measurements were performed, to detect fatigue damage of a quasi-isotropic CFRP and cross-ply CFRP laminates. A four-probe method was used to measure the exact electrical resistance change. A three-probe method was used to measure the electrical contact resistance change, during long cyclic loading. The specimen side surface was observed using a video-microscope to detect damage. The measured electrical resistance changes were compared with the observed damage. The results of this study show that the electrical resistance increase of the quasi-isotropic laminate was caused by a delamination crack between ±45° plies. Matrix cracking caused a small electrical resistance increase of the cross-ply laminate, but the decreased electrical resistance caused by the shear-plastic deformation impedes matrix-cracking detection.
Fatigue damage detection of CFRP using the electrical resistance change method
Todoroki, Akira,Mizutani, Yoshihiro,Suzuki, Yoshiro,Haruyama, Daichi The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2013 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.14 No.4
Electrical resistance change measurements were performed, to detect fatigue damage of a quasi-isotropic CFRP and cross-ply CFRP laminates. A four-probe method was used to measure the exact electrical resistance change. A three-probe method was used to measure the electrical contact resistance change, during long cyclic loading. The specimen side surface was observed using a video-microscope to detect damage. The measured electrical resistance changes were compared with the observed damage. The results of this study show that the electrical resistance increase of the quasi-isotropic laminate was caused by a delamination crack between ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ plies. Matrix cracking caused a small electrical resistance increase of the cross-ply laminate, but the decreased electrical resistance caused by the shear-plastic deformation impedes matrix-cracking detection.