Sense of JUSTICE in Chinese Labor

Yi Li,Jo Sung-gu,Park Gyun-yeol J-INSTITUTE 2019 Public Value Vol.4 No.2

Socrates thought that, for the agent by himself, doing wrong is more harmful than suffering injustice. Well, so long as it is merely a matter of wrong done or suffered, thus a matter necessarily existing in the perception of the parties, the proposition may stand. Due to it, a sense of justice consists of ideas and feelings, such as fair and unfair, needs and responsibility, rights, and duties. In China, presently, employees often choose silence when they face ethical dilemmas. Why would they do that? Because they lack a sense of justice and worry about the au-thority of the people who work in charge. This study, through the review of the literature and qualitative analysis methods, tries to explain a sense of justice in Chinese working environment. First of all, this paper reviews the definition, origin, and reasons for a taste of truth through a literature review. Secondly, it uses the method which interviews some employees who work in China. Thirdly, combined with literature review and interview, found that many Chinese people are short of a sense of justice when they face injustice or unfair issues.

Study on a Spatial 3-Degree-of-Freedom Micromanipulator Employing Displacement Magnifying Four-Revolute-Flexure Hinges

Sang-Joon Yoon,Seog-Young Han,Byung-Joo Yi,Jae-Yong Park,Won-Gu Lee 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.II

The micromanipulators basically require sufficient workspace and high natural frequency. However, previous designs have difficulty in satisfying the required workspace and natural frequency simultaneously, because the previous micromanipulators are coupled designs. In this study, a previous design was analyzed from the viewpoint of the axiomatic design. Then, a new design parameter, displacement magnifier, which transforms a coupled design into a decoupled design, was suggested. And a design procedure based on an axiomatic design was suggested. A spatial 3-degrees-of-freedom parallel-type micromanipulator was chosen as an exemplary device. According to the suggested design procedure, the micromanipulator having the required natural frequency was designed in the first step, and then the displacement magnifier satisfying the required workspace was designed sequentially. As a consequence, the micromanipulator has a natural frequency of 500 Hz and workspace of $-0.5^\circ \times 0.5^\circ$. To verify the effectiveness of the manipulator and displacement magnifiers, simulations and experiments were performed. It is verified that the manipulator and the displacement magnifiers implemented work very well for satisfying the required natural frequency and workspace.

Resveratrol activates AMPK and suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB-dependent COX-2 activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

Yi, Chin-Ok,Jeon, Byeong Tak,Shin, Hyun Joo,Jeong, Eun Ae,Chang, Ki Churl,Lee, Jung Eun,Lee, Dong Hoon,Kim, Hyun Joon,Kang, Sang Soo,Cho, Gyeong Jae,Choi, Wan Sung,Roh, Gu Seob Korean Association of Anatomists 2011 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.44 No.3

<P>AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme involved in energy homeostasis, regulates inflammatory responses, but its precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent evidence has shown that resveratrol (RES), an AMPK activator, reduces prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia. Here, we examined the effect of RES on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) dependent cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activation in LPS-treated RWA 264.7 macrophages. We found that treatment with RES increased AMPK activation. AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase phosphorylation were attenuated in cells treated with LPS+RES, compared to cells treated with LPS alone. RES inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNF receptor 1 in LPS-treated cells. Finally, RES inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and COX-2 expression. Moreover, the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribose and compound C were consistent with the effects of RES in LPS-treated cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of RES in RAW 264.7 macrophages is dependent on AMPK activation and is associated with inhibition of the LPS-stimulated NF-κB-dependent COX-2 signaling pathway.</P>

Midtrimester amniotic fluid Level of Activin A. Inhibin A and Inhibin B in Down`s syndrome and other complicated pregnancies

( Sang Woo Lew ),( Jong Kun Lee ),( Yong Wook Kim ),( Hyung Keun Lee ),( Jong Seung Yi ),( Jong Chul Shin ),( Jong Gu Rha ) 대한산부인과학회 2001 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.87 No.-

MORAL Teacher and Immoral School: A Case of Chinese School

Yi Li,Jo Sung-gu,Park Gyun-yeol J-INSTITUTE 2019 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.4 No.2

This study aims to inquiry the way to solve the current moral problems of the school in China. Based on C-score Algorithm of Moral Competence Test(MCT), this wants to show the alternative to China. C-score’s main idea could be summarized “lowly orientation to the lower values, and highly orientation to the higher values”. In the classroom or some places where teachers feel to educate or share some opinion with students, it is impossible for teacher to handle their students’ whole schedules, interests, and moral tasks. This research used conceptual model based on C-score to imply to Chinese educational environment. But the method was not real made experiment but to make and show the conceptual model as one of the framework. The result of this research waits for the empirical results through deeper experiment. Finally this research could catch the point that morality could be improved through the process of collaboration between individual as moral agent and school as environment.

Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Sang Myung Lee,Bong-Seok Bae,Hee-Weon Park,Nam-Geun Ahn,Byung-Gu Cho,Yong-Lae Cho,Yi-Seong Kwak 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

It has been reported that Korean Red Ginseng has been manufactured for 1,123 y as described in the GoRyeoDoGyeong record. The Korean Red Ginseng manufactured by the traditional preparation method has its own chemical component characteristics. The ginsenoside content of the red ginseng is shown as Rg1: 3.3 mg/g, Re: 2.0 mg/g, Rb1: 5.8 mg/g, Rc:1.7 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.4 mg/g, respectively. It is known that Korean ginseng generally consists of the main root and the lateral or fine roots at a ratio of about 75:25. Therefore, the red ginseng extract is prepared by using this same ratio of the main root and lateral or fine roots and processed by the historical traditional medicine prescription. The red ginseng extract is prepared through awater extraction (90℃ for 14-16 h) and concentration process (until its final concentration is 70-73 Brix at 50-60℃). The ginsenoside contents of the red ginseng extract are shown as Rg1: 1.3 mg/g, Re: 1.3 mg/g, Rb1: 6.4 mg/g, Rc:2.5 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.9 mg/g, respectively. Arginine-fructose-glucose (AFG) is a specific amino-sugar that can be produced by chemical reaction of the process when the fresh ginseng is converted to red ginseng. The content of AFG is 1.0-1.5% in red ginseng. Acidic polysaccharide, which has been known as an immune activator, is at levels of 4.5-7.5% in red ginseng. Therefore, we recommended that the chemical profiles of Korean Red Ginseng made through the defined traditional method should be well preserved and it has had its own chemical characteristics since its traditional development.

Production and Characterization of a New a-Glucosidase Lnhibitory Peptide from Aspergillus oryzae N159-1

( Min Gu Kang ),( Sung Hun Yi ),( Jong Soo Lee ) 한국균학회 2013 Mycobiology Vol.41 No.3

An a-glucosidase inhibitor was developed from Aspergillus oryzae N159-1, which was screened from traditional fermented Korean foods. The intracellular concentration of the inhibitor reached i15 highest level when the fungus was cultured in tryptic soy broth medium at 27℃ for five days. The inhibitor was purified using a series of purification steps involving ultrafiltration. Sephadex G-25 gel permeation chromatography, strong cation exchange solid phase extraction, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography; and size exclusion chromatography. The final yield of the purification was 1.9%. Results of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis indicated that the purified a-glucosidase inhibitor was a tri-peptide, Pro-Phe-Pro, with the molecular weight of 360.1 Da. The 1(50 value of the peptide against a-glucosidase activity was 3.1 mg/mL. Using Lineweaver-8urk plot analysis. the inhibition pattern indicated that the inhibitor ads as a mixed type inhibitor.

Propagation Characteristics of GIS PD Signals by Dual UHF Band Method (2)

Jae-Gu Choi,Sang-Hwa Yi,Kwang-Hwa Kim 대한전기학회 2004 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.5

압력용기용 Cr-Mo강에 대한 조성과 열처리가 기계적 성질에 미치는 영향

오상구 ( Sang Gu Oh ),이승훈 ( Seong Hoon Yi ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2013 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.51 No.11

Microstructural evolutions attributed to the change of Cr (or Mo) content and the heat treatment procedure have been studied to optimize the mechanical properties for pressure vessel applications. The relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties of Cr-Mo steels is established through laboratory scale experiments using 35 kg ingots that were hot-rolled and heat treated in various conditions. As the Cr or Mo content increased, the average grain size of ferrite decreased, while the volume fraction of pearlite increased, which resulted in the increase of tensile strength of the specimen. The experimental results were expected with continuous cooling curves calculated by a commercial program (JMatPro). Temper embrittlement after heat treatment occurred in high Cr (or Mo) steels.

Ethanol Extract of <i>Lilium</i> Bulbs Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting the IKK <tex> $ \alpha $</tex> / <tex> $ \beta $</tex> -Mediated NF- <tex> $ \kappa $</tex> B Pathway in Macrophages

Han, Sang Yun,Yi, Young-Su,Jeong, Seong-Gu,Hong, Yo Han,Choi, Kang Jun,Hossain, Mohammad Amjad,Hwang, Hyunsik,Rho, Ho Sik,Lee, Jongsung,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Cho, Jae Youl World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.46 No.6

<P><I>Lilium</I> bulbs have long been used as Chinese traditional medicines to alleviate the symptoms of various human inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of <I>Lilium</I> bulb-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the bioactive components in <I>Lilium</I> bulbs remain unknown. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of <I>Lilium</I> bulbs and the underlying mechanism of action were investigated in macrophages using <I>Lilium</I> bulb ethanol extracts (Lb-EE). In a dose-dependent manner, Lb-EE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) without causing significant cytotoxicity. Lb-EE also down-regulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which included inducuble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor-<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX> (TNF-<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX>). Furthermore, Lb-EE markedly restored LPS-induced morphological changes in RAW264.7 cells to a normal morphology. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as bioactive components contained in Lb-EE. Mechanistic studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that Lb-EE suppressed MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B transcriptional activation and the nuclear translocation of NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B transcription factors. Moreover, Lb-EE inhibited IKK<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX>/<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>-induced activation of the NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B signaling pathway and IKK inhibition significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Lb-EE plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting IKK<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX>/<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>-mediated activation of the NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.</P>