Ellagitannins from Camellia oleifera Fruit Shell Extractives

Yi-Chang He,Wei Gao,Jie-Fang Yang,Young-Soo Bae,Chun-Xia Yang,Wei Ding,Zhen-Jun Gu,Mei-Jie Wu,Dong-Bo Yu,Hwang Gao,Cheng Zhou,Chun Gong 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Camellia is valued not only for its aesthetic contribution as ornament but also for its economic importance as it provides the beverage, tea, and edible oil in some countries, notably China. Apart from its use for ornamental purposes and production of tea, it is one of the four main oil-bearing trees (palm, coconut, olive, and tea) in the world. Camellia oleifera C. Abel, which originated in southern China, is notable as an important source of edible oil obtained from its seeds. It is commonly known as the oil-seed camellia or tea oil camellia, though to a lesser extent other species of Camellia are used in oil production too. Camellia japonica, one of the other tea trees, is distributed in Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan. Previous studies have revealed that Camellia oleifera has significant biological activities and includes various kinds of chemical constituents such as terpenoids and flavonoids in its leaves, roots, seeds and fruit shells. The others also have reported the recent advances in the utilization of Camellia oleifera C. Abel through a review of nutritional constituents, bio-functional properties, and potential industrial applications. However, there was no study on nut shell extractives of Camellia oleifera even in China and moreover, hydrolysable tannins of the nut shell have never been reported yet. A phytochemical study of fruit shell of Camellia oleifera C. Abel led to the isolation of two ellagitannins, tellimagrandinⅠ(3) and tellimagrandin Ⅱ(4), including gallic acid (1) and ellagic acid (2). The structures of the isolated compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data, especially 2D NMR such as HSQC and HMBC and MS data. Compounds 3 and 4 were first isolated from the extractives of Camellia oleifera fruit shell.

Albumin-to-Fibrinogen Ratio as an Independent Prognostic Parameter in Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Retrospective Study of 191 Cases

Yi-Xin Zou,Jia Qiao,Hua-Yuan Zhu,Rui-Nan Lu,Yi Xia,Lei Cao,Wei Wu,Hui Jin,Wen-Jie Liu,Jin-Hua Liang,Jia-Zhu Wu,Li Wang,Lei Fan,Wei Xu,Jian-Yong Li 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most frequent type of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders and chronic inflammation takes part in the development of CLL. However, there has been no valid immune biomarker to predict the prognosis of untreated CLL patients. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical correlations and prognostic value of albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) detected at diagnosis in 191 CLL patients. Results The cut-off value of AFR was 9.7 calculated by X-tile. Patients who were more than 65 years old were often accompanied by low level of AFR (p < 0.001). Survival analysis showed that patients with low level of AFR had shorter overall survival (OS) than patients with high level of AFR (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis illustrated that AFR had a negative impact on OS (p=0.003) and was independent of parameters involved in CLL international prognostic index and other prognostic markers such as CD38 and ZAP-70. Conclusion These data provide a comprehensive view of AFR and shows that AFR at diagnosis is an adverse prognostic factor in untreated CLL patients.

Synergistic growth in bacteria depends on substrate complexity

Yi-Jie Deng,Shiao Y. 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.1

Both positive and negative interactions among bacteria take place in the environment. We hypothesize that the complexity of the substrate affects the way bacteria interact with greater cooperation in the presence of recalcitrant substrate. We isolated lignocellulolytic bacteria from salt marsh detritus and compared the growth, metabolic activity and enzyme production of pure cultures to those of three-species mixed cultures in lignocellulose and glucose media. Synergistic growth was common in lignocellulose medium containing carboxyl methyl cellulose, xylan and lignin but absent in glucose medium. Bacterial synergism promoted metabolic activity in synergistic mixed cultures but not the maximal growth rate (μ). Bacterial synergism also promoted the production of β- 1,4-glucosidase but not the production of cellobiohydrolase or β-1,4-xylosidase. Our results suggest that the chemical complexity of the substrate affects the way bacteria interact. While a complex substrate such as lignocellulose promotes positive interactions and synergistic growth, a labile substrate such as glucose promotes negative interactions and competition. Synergistic interactions among indigenous bacteria are suggested to be important in promoting lignocellulose degradation in the environment.

Burial depth of anode affected the bacterial community structure of sediment microbial fuel cells

Yi-cheng Wu,Hong-jie Wu,Hai-yan Fu,Zhineng Dai,Ze-jie Wang 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.6

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are attractive devices to in situ power environmental monitoring sensors and bioremediate contaminated soils/sediments. Burial depth of the anode was verified to affect the performance of SMFCs. The present research evaluated the differences in microbial community structure of anodic biofilms located at different depth. It was demonstrated that both microbial diversity and community structure of anodic biofilms were influenced by the depth of anode location. Microbial diversity decreased with increased anodic depth. The number of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined as 1438 at the anode depth of 5 cm, which reduced to 1275 and 1005 at 10 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that microbial communities of 5 cm and 10 cm were clustered together, separated from the original sediment and 15 cm. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in all samples, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Beta- and Gamma-proteobacteria were the most abundant classes. A total of 23 OTUs showed high identity to 16S rRNA gene of exoelectrogens such as Geobacter and Pseudomonas. The present results provided insights into the effects of anode depth on the performance of SMFC from the perspectives of microbial community structure.

Antitumor Activity of the Protein and Small Molecule Component Fractions from Agrocybe aegerita Through Enhancement of Cytokine Production

Yi Liang,Hong-Hong Liu,Yi-Jie Chen,Hui Sun 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.4

A water soluble extract from the medicinal mushroom Agrocybe aegerita has been shown to stimulate splenocyte proliferation, cytotoxic activity, and tumor rejection effect in tumor-bearing mouse models. In the present study, the crude extract was separated into a protein component fraction (Yp), mainly containing lectins and serine proteinase, and a small molecule component fraction (Ys), mainly containing triethylene glycol, a-bisabolol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and so on. The antitumor activity of the fractions was investigated in a tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse model. Repeat administration of Yp and Ys significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < .001), but little toxicity was observed. Moreover, the protein fraction Yp performed better than Ys in both antitumor and lifespan-prolonging activity. The cytokine expression levels in serum and splenocytes from extract-treated mice were selectively screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction, and the results showed that Yp upregulated the mRNA level of Th2 cytokine interleukin-10 (P < .01), and Ys increased the mRNA level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (P < .01) and antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-b (P < .01). All these data suggest that Yp and Ys can inhibit tumor growth via different mechanisms, which promotes the understanding of antitumor properties of medicinal fungi.

Gallotannins from Nut Shell Extractives of Camellia oleifera

( Yi-chang He ),( Mei-jie Wu ),( Xiao-lin Lei ),( Jie-fang Yang ),( Wei Gao ),( Young-soo Bae ),( Tae-hee Kim ),( Sun-eun Choi ),( Bao-tong Li ) 한국목재공학회 2021 목재공학 Vol.49 No.3

Camellia nut shell was collected, dried at room temperature and ground to get fine powder. The powder was extracted three times with 95% EtOH, combined, evaporated, and then freeze dried. The crude powder was dissolved in H₂O and then sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, CH₂Cl₂, EtOAc and n-BuOH. A part of EtOAc fraction was chromatographed on a silica gel and on a Sephadex LH-20 columns using MeOH, aqueous MeOH, EtOAc-n-hexane and EtOH-n-hexane to isolate gallotannins. Three gallotannins, 1,2-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1,2,6-tri-Ogalloyl- β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), including gallic acid (1), were isolated and elucidated by NMR and Mass spectroscopies. Although nothing new, these gallotannins were first reported from the nut shell extractives of camellia tree (Camellia oleifera C. Abel). This study was to investigate the chemical constituents, especially hydrolysable tannins, of nut shell extractives of Camellia oleifera and to provide basic information for the future chemical utilization of this species.

Efficacy of Lauromacrogol Injection for Ablation of Benign Predominantly Cystic Thyroid Nodules and Related Factors: A Prospective Study

Dong Yi Jie,Liu Zhen Hua,Zhou Jian Qiao,Zhan Wei Wei 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.4

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of lauromacrogol injection for ablation (LIA) of benign predominantly cystic thyroid nodules and its related factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 142 benign predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (median volume, 12.5 mL; range, 0.4– 156 mL) in 137 patients (male:female sex ratio, 36:101; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 49 ± 13 years) were treated with LIA after being confirmed as benign via cytology. The volume reduction rate (VRR) of the nodules and cosmetic score were evaluated during follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment and every 6 months thereafter. A VRR of ≥ 50% at the 12-month follow-up was considered to indicate effective treatment. The associations between the clinical factors and nodular ultrasound features, including the initial nodule volume, proportion of solid components, vascularity grade and ineffective treatment (VRR of < 50% at the 12-month follow-up), and regrowth were analyzed. Results: All patients completed follow-up for at least 12 months. The average ± SD follow-up period was 32 ± 11 months (range, 12–54 months). The effective treatment rate was 73.2% (104/142), while the regrowth rate was 12.0% (17/142) at the last follow-up. Grade 2–3 intranodular vascularity in the solid components of the nodules was the only independent factor associated with ineffective treatment, with an odds ratio (reference category, grade 0–1) of 3.054 (95% confidence interval, 1.148–8.127) (p = 0.025). Conclusion: LIA is an effective treatment for predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. Grade 2–3 intranodular vascularity in the solid components of nodules is the only independent risk factor for ineffective LIA.

국제학술회의 : 동양의 도교문화 ; 도가와 위진 현학

탕일개(Yi Jie Tang) 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1995 韓國學論集 Vol.26 No.-

500MW 미분탄 보일러의 저부하 운전 시 질소산화물 저감에 관한 전산해석 연구

쩡이제(Yi-Jie Zeng),배윤호(Yoon-Ho Bae),조시현(Si-Hyun Cho),김승모(Seung-Mo Kim),전충환(Chung Hwan Jeon) 한국연소학회 2022 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Effect of Light with Different Wavelengths on Nostoc flagelliforme Cells in Liquid Culture

( Yu Jie Dai ),( Jing Li ),( Shu Mei Wei ),( Nan Chen ),( Yu Peng Xiao ),( Zhi Lei Tan ),( Shi Ru Jia ),( Nan Nan Yuan ),( Ning Tan ),( Yi Jie Song ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

The effects of lights with different wavelengths on the growth and the yield of extracellular polysaccharides of Nostoc flagelliforme cells were investigated in a liquid cultivation. N. flagelliforme cells were cultured for 16 days in 500 ml conical flasks containing BG11 culture medium under 27 μmol·m-2·s-1 of light intensity and 25oC on a rotary shaker (140 rpm). The chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin contents in N. flagelliforme cells under the lights of different wavelengths were also measured. It was found that the cell biomass and the yield of polysaccharide changed with different wavelengths of light. The biomass and the yield of extracellular polysaccharides under the red or violet light were higher than those under other light colors. Chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin are the main pigments in N. flagelliforme cells. The results showed that N. flagelliforme, like other cyanobacteria, has the ability of adjusting the contents and relative ratio of its pigments with the light quality. As a conclusion, N. flagelliforme cells favor red and violet lights and perform the complementary chromatic adaptation ability to acclimate to the changes of the light quality in the environment.