유치와 영구치에서 치과용 접착제의 전단결합강도

최진영,최남기,박영준,최충호,양규호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of five adhesive systems to the enamel and dentin of primary and permanent teeth. Fifty noncarious primary and fifty permanent teeth were collected and stored in an 0.1% thymol solution at room temperature after extraction. The tested adhesives were: Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose Plus Adhesive (SM) Adper Single bond 2 (SB), Clearfil SE Bond (SE), Adper Prompt L-Pop (PL), G-Bond (GB). For the shear bonding test, the labial and lingual surfaces of primary and permanent teeth were used. To obtain a flat surface, the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth were sanded on SiO₂with number 600 grit and then divided into 20 groups of 10 surfaces each. All samples were theromocycled in water 5℃ and 55℃ for 1000 cycles. The results were as follows: 1. For primary enamel, shear bond strengths of SM and SB were significantly higher than that of SE and also SM, SB, and PL were higher than GB(p<0.05). 2. For primary dentin, there were no significant differences among the shear bond strengths of any other bonding systems except differnece between SE and GB. 3. For permanent enamel, SB showed significantly higher mean shear bond strength than those of any other bonding systems(p<0.05). 4. For permanent dentin, SM showed significantly higher mean shear bond strength than that of PL and GB(p<0.05). 5. Between the primary enamel and dentin, there were significant differences in SM, SB, and GB, whereas there was statistically significant difference in PL between the permanent enamel and dentin(p<0.05). 6. Between the primary and permanent teeth on enamel, there were no significant differences among all bonding systems, whereas there were statistically significant differences in SM and SB between the primary and permanent teeth on dentin(p<0.05). 본 연구에서는 최근에 개발된 치과용 접착제를 대상으로 유치와 영구치의 법랑질과 상아질에 대한 결합력을 비교 평가하여 입상에서 상아질 접착제를 적절하게 선택하는데 도움을 주고자 시행하였다. 실험재료로 Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose Plus Adhesive (SM; 3M ESPE,USA),Adper Single bond 2 (SB; 3M ESPE,USA),Clearfil SE Bond (SE; Kuraray Medical Inc.,Japan),Adper Prompt L-Pop (PL; 3M ESPE,USA),G-Bond (GB:GC Cooperation Toyko,Japan)를 이용하여 전단결합강도를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유치 법랑질에서 전단결합강도는 SM이 28.47±7.93 MPa로 가장 높았고 SB (28.18±6.84),PL (24.02± 6.14),SE (21.70±6.56),GB (17.70±6.68) 순이었다. SM과 SB는 SE보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결합 강도를 보였으며,SM,SB,PL은 GB보다 높았다(p<0.05). 2. 유치 상아질에서 전단결합강도는 SE가 28.72±14.44MPa로 가장 높았고,PL (20.10±6.13),SM 07.72± 10.65),SB (15.48±2.66),GB (10.10±5.45) 순이었으며 SE와 GB간 에는 유의한 차이가 있었으나,다른 군 들 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 영구치 법랑질에서의 전단결합강도는 SB가 28.36±5.68 MPa로 가장 높았고 SM (22.77±4.63), PL(22.05 士6.57),SE (21.74±4.62),GB (15.60±6.75)순이었다. SB는 다른 접착제보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결합력을 나타냈으며,GB는 가장 낮은 결합력을 보였다(p(0.05). 4. 영구치 상아질에서의 전단결합강도는 SM이 28.22±5.56 MPa로 가장 높았고,SB (21.68±7.44),SE (20.13 ±9.88),GB (14.30±6.81),PL (14.18±5.88)순이었으며,SM은 PL,GB와 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 5. 유치의 법랑질과 상아질 간에는 SM,SB,GB에서 유의한 차이가 있었고,영구치 법랑질과 상아질 간에는 PL에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 6. 유치 법랑질과 영구치 법랑질 간에는 모든 접착제에서 유의한 차이가 없었으나,유치 상아질과 영구치 상아질 간에는 SM과 SB에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05).

색소성 광선각화증에서 발생한 색소성 편평세포담종 - 1예 보고-

최현주,박경신,강석진,최영진,김병기,김선무,심상인 대한병리학회 1998 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.32 No.1

The Withdrawals Tax

Patrick R. Colabella,Richard J. Coppinger,Yeong Choi 한국세무학회 2006 세무학 연구 Vol.23 No.4

Patrick R Colabella*Richard J Coppinger**Yeong Choi***

8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석

강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

레트 증후군 환아의 제증상에 관한 증례보고

최영철,이긍호,황정환 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

저자는 치아우식증을 주소로 경희의료원 소아치과에 내원한 레트 증후군 환아를 전신마취 하에서 치료를 시행하고 다음과 같은 치의학적 소견을 얻었다. 1. 본 증례에 보고된 레트 증후군 환아들은 비정상적인 저작, 이갈이, 과다한 타액분비, 높고 깊은 상각 구개, 혀의 전방 변위등의 구강 증상을 보였다. 2. 본 증례에서 보고된 레트 증후군 환아들은 입과 손을 사용하는 습관- 손깨물기, 손등을 핥거나 입술로 문지르기, 손가락빨기- 을 갖고 있으며 흔히 손을 씻는 듯한 특징적인 상동증 사이에 이러한 동작을 반복하였다. 3. 이상과 같은 진단적 요건을 숙지한다면 레트 증후군의 조기발견에 도움이 될 수 있으며, 치과적 처치시에도 조기치료 및 예방술식을 시행할 수 있어 진정요법이나 전신마취의 필요성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that occurs exclusively in females. The syndrome is characterized by regression of language, motor development, and stereotypic hand movement. Autisitc behavior, breathing irregularities, gait dyspraxia, scoliosis, and seizure are also accompanied. The cause of Rett syndrome is unknown, however, it is believed that the X-chromosome might play a significant role in the development of the syndrome. Patients with this syndrome have unusual oral and /or digital habits such as abnormal chewing pattern, bruxism, hypersalivation, micrognathia, high vaulted palate, tongue protrusion with lower posture of tongue, hand biting, digit- hand sucking. Dentists who are aware of distinct manifestations of Rett syndrome will be able to aid in early diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome. Prior to dental treatment for a panient with the Rett syndrome under sedation or general anesthesia, one should assess the degree of hypersalivation,apnea, severity of autism, expected life span. Early recognition of the syndrome and also dental treatment with established strict preventive guidelines for parants with the Rett syndrome may obviate the necessity of sedation or general anesthesia. Two cases with the Rett syndome were reported. Both patients had most of the above mentioned typical manifestatons of the syndrome. Dental treatment for the case 1(8-year-old) including caries control, stainless steel crown, sealant application was performed under general anesthesia. The case 2 could not be undergone the dental treatment due to poor general conditions.

혈관내 카테터 및 수액요법과 관련된 감염

최강원,송영욱 대한감염학회 1987 감염 Vol.19 No.3

매복된 중절치의 재식

최수미,이긍호,최영철,박재홍 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

매복치는 인접치의 이동 및 치근흡수, 악궁의 공간상실, 치성낭종 형성, 부분맹출에 의한 감염, 전위맹출 등 여러 가지 합병증을 유발할 수 있다. 이를 방지하기 위해 매복치의 발육상태,모양,매복된 위치나 각도에 따라 발치, 외과적 노출 및 교정적 견인, 재위치 및 치아이식 등을 시행할 수 있다. 본 증례는 상악 좌측 중절치의 맹출장애를 주소로 본과에 내원한 환아로, 내원 당시 상악 좌측 중절치는 치조골 내에서 정상적인 맹출 경로를 이탈하여 역위 매복되어 있었다. 역위된 정도를 고려했을 때 외과적 견인 및 노출을 이용한 교정적 처치를 수행하기 보다는 재식시키는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단하였다. 치아를 발거하여 치근 부위의 치낭이 건점함을 확인하고 정상적인 치조와 내로 재식한 후 resin-wire splint로 1주일간 고정하였다. 치아의 생활력이 건전하고 치근형성이 미약하여 치수에 대한 처치는 하지 않았으며 그 후 일년 동안 주기적인 관찰을 시행하여 치근의 성장이 양호함을 확인하였다. 매복된 영구치의 매복된 위치나 각도가 정사 범주에서 지나치게 벗어나 예후가 불확실하더라도 무조건 발치하기보다는 환자와 보호자의 심리적인 면, 저작기능, 심미성 등을 고려하여 더욱 보존적인 시술을 하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Delayed eruption of a maxillary incisor results in midline shift, the space occupied by adjacent teeth and different levels of alveolar height. Extraction or surgical/orthodontic therapy is the most common treatment for a impacted maxillary incisor. Surgical repositioning provides another option for treatment of this problem. The advantages of this approach include immediate esthetic improvement, use of a single and simplified surgical procedure, simple and short orthodontic therapy, a normal gingival margin and the possibility of the developing root adapting to the new position. Autotransplantation of an immature tooth provides for possible adaptation of the developing root apex to the new position. A root whith an open apex has good chance of pulp revascularization after transplantation.

완전탈구된 치아의 재식에 관한 치험례

최영철,권오연,김광철,이긍호 大韓小兒齒科學會 1993 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Exarticulation includes all cases in which the tooth has been totally displaced out of its socket. The main etilogies in the permanent dentition are direct blows and traffic accident, while in the primary dentition are fall-downs. The prognosis of tooth which has been recieved endodontic treatment after replantation is better than received endodontic treatment before replantation. Ca(OH)₂as a initial canal filling material diminishes undesirable replacement root resorption, so in the cases of compelted and uncompleted root formation, the pulp is extirpated and then a Ca(OH)₂dressing is placed until optimal stage for final canal filling with gutta percha cones. Storage media and storage period of avulsed tooth is very important things for prognosis after replantation. A strong relationship has been found between dry storage or storage in non physiologic media (c.g tapwater) and root resorption. Physiologic saline and/or fresh milk is one of the best storage media.

도시화로 인한 유출특성에 관한연구

최윤영,이영화 경산대학교(대구한의과대학) 1998 環境硏究 Vol.3 No.1

This study is carried out the analysis for the transformation of an overland runoff in urban areas with the progress of urbanization, Urbanization concerned with the concentration of population. activity and expanding the urban area changes a natural environment, and human activity in urban area causes the appearance of a new hydrologic cycle system. This studies defined the concept of urban environment and the role of rivers and investigates the change of natural environment caused by the civilization of urban area, the change of recharge from a surface flow for the fluxing characteristics in urban river, and the flux for suggesting the organization system of a surface flow in urban river. From the analysis of the rainfall-runoff processes in small urban area with the progress of urbanization, the following conclusions is obtained, It is found in the result of calculated geographical parameter that concentration time is quickened by 20-25 minutes rather than the urbanization before. Also, in the analysis of the peak rate of runoff, the peak discharge rise by 6% than the urbanization before.

校內獎學 活性化 方案

최옥이 인간교육자원경영학회 2004 人間敎育硏究 Vol.11 No.1

In the age of educational information accompanied with the introduction of new learning paradigm, the role of teacher is changing from that of a conductor to the similar one of a gardener. It is widely requested to perceive a qualified teacher as the one who can provide proper guidance to students in need. Such perception should be applied to the autonomous in-school learning promotion activities, as had been to teaching activities so far. It is evident that provisions, data and conditions should be provided for teachers to acquire and utilize information well-met for their needs in the age of educational information and to engage exclusively in teaching, free from the conventional directive way of educational promotion. Vice school masters, among others, seem to be in the position to have firm understanding to and concern about the school information education and, by thus, to contribute positively to achieving the national goal of school information. In this context, the aim of this study is to find a new paradigm for in-school promotion of education based on IT by analyzing the anticipation of teachers toward vice school masters in terms of educational information, so that vice school masters, on the one side, can have clear sight on the given tasks and teachers, on the other, can be wholly involved in self-training to map out the direction of teaching with focus on the on-line guidance suitable to the educational information era.