Effects of Aqueous Extract of Schizandrae Fructus on Lead-Induced Change of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus

Zhao, Rong Jie,Zhao, Zheng Lin,Zhao, Xiu Feng,Zhao, Guang Wen,Li, Meng Quan,Wu, Yi Yan,Li, Jing Qiu,Guan, Li Xin,Kim, Sang-Chan The Korean Medicine Society for the Herbal Formula 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

The effects of aqueous extract of Schizandrae Fructus (AESC) on lead (Pb)-induced changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus (HIP) of adult rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Pb acetate (5 mg/kg/d) for 28 days and sacrificed 7 days after the last administration. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in HIP were measured by HPLC. There were significant decreases of NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in Pb treated rats (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with AESC (100 mg/kg/d or 300 mg/kg/d, p.o., 2 h before Pb) greatly inhibited the decrease of monoamine transmitters, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, AESC (300 mg/kg/d) significantly increased the reduction of glutathione contents and superoxide dismutase activities in HIP induced by chronic Pb. These results suggest that AESC ameliorates Pb-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in HIP through its antioxidant activity.

Metastasis associated genomic aberrations in stage II rectal cancer

Hong Zhao,Zhi-Zhou Shi,Rui Jiang,Dong-Bing Zhao,Hai-Tao Zhou,Jian-Wei Liang,Xin-Yu Bi,Jian-Jun Zhao,Zhi-Yu Li,Jian-Guo Zhou,Zhen Huang,Ye-Fan Zhang,Jian Wang,Xin Xu,Yan Cai,Ming-Rong Wang,Yu Zhang 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.11

Genomic aberrations of rectal carcinoma, especially DNA copy number changes associated with metastasis were largely unclear. We aim to identify the metastasis associated biomarkers in stage II rectal cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues of stage II rectal carcinoma were analyzed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and genomic aberrations were identified by Genomic Workbench and SAM software. Copy number changes and mRNA expressions were validated by Real-time PCR in an independent rectal cancer samples. The results showed that the most frequent gains in stage II rectal cancer were at 1q21.2-q23.1, 3p21.31, 11q12.2-q23.3, 12q24.11-q24.31, 12q13.11-q14.1 and losses in 18q11.2-q23, 17q21.33-q22, 13q31.1-q31.3, 21q21.1-q21.3, 8p23.3-p23.1 and 4q22.1-q23. Twenty-two amplifications and five homozygous deletions were also identified. We further found that S100A1 (1q21.3-q23.1), MCM7 (7q22.1) and JUND (19p13.11) were amplified and overexpressed in stage II rectal cancer. Interestingly, the genomic aberrations affected 14 signaling pathways including VEGF signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Most importantly, loss of 13q31.1-q34 and gain of 1q44 were associated with distant metastasis. Our results indicated that these metastasis associated genomic changes may be useful to reveal the pathogenesis of rectal cancer metastasis and identify candidate biomarkers.

ACTIVE LQR MULTI-AXLE-STEERING METHOD FOR IMPROVING MANEUVERABILITY AND STABILITY OF MULTI-TRAILER ARTICULATED HEAVY VEHICLES

You-Qun Zhao,Zhao Wen Deng,Qi Xian Zhao,Bao Hua Wang,Wei Gao,Xin Xin Kong 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.4

Directional performance and highway stability are two important aspects that need to be considered in development and design of a heavy articulated vehicles. To improve the maneuverability and stability of a multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicle (MTAHV), an active linear quadratic regulator (LQR) multi-axle-steering method is designed and examined. First, a linear yaw-plane model with four-degree-of freedom (4-DOF) for MTAHV is built and validated. Thus, a reference model supplying the desired state responses is introduced. Then, an active control algorithm of multi-axle-steering for the rear axles of tractor and full-trailer is investigated, and a LQR controller is proposed based on the linear vehicle model to make the control variables track the desired state responses. The control strategy concentrates on keeping the actual yaw rate and side-slip angle follow the steady-state yaw rate and zero side-slip angle. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed approach on enhancing the maneuverability and stability of the MTAHV have been validated through the simulations of the low-speed 360o roundabout and the single lane-change maneuver with high speed, respectively. The method has a certain reference value for improving the active safety of the MTAHV.

2005년 국제 ITA/EA 컨퍼런스 : 이메일 마케팅 아키텍처 프레임웍: 개념과 패턴

조빙신 ( Bing Xin Zhao ),( Quan Xin Zhang ),( Hai Xin Ding ) 한국ITA학회 2005 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.-

Risk Assessment Based Maintenance Management for Distribution Network

Zhao, Ming-Xin,Su, Jian,Liu, Si-Ge The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.2 No.1

Aiming at maintenance management of distribution network, this paper proposes a new maintenance technology based on risk assessment. It includes the procedure of risk assessment and the method of decision-making. The basic technical framework, which applies RBM to the maintenance management of distribution network is established. In the risk decision-making, the maintenance cost and maintenance profit concepts are introduced. With the help of risk assessment theory and interval analysis, the proposed technology is much more economical and operable. Application of the technology in an actual distribution network shows that it can evaluate the risk of equipment comprehensively and make decision-making quick and effective. Therefore, the technology proposed has good application prospect.

Optimization of Antifungal Lipopeptide Production from Bacillus sp. BH072 by Response Surface Methodology

Xin Zhao,Zhi-jiang Zhou,Ye Han,Xi-qian Tan,Jin Wang 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.4

Antifungal lipopeptide produced by Bacillus sp. BH072 wasextracted from fermentation liquor and determined as iturinA by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). For industrial-scale production, the yield of iturin A wasimproved by optimizing medium components and fermentationconditions. A one-factor test was conducted; fermentationconditions were then optimized by response surfacemethodology (RSM) to obtain the following: temperature,29.5°C; pH 6.45; inoculation quantity, 6.7%; loading volume,100 ml (in 500 ml flasks); and rotary speed, 150 rpm. Underthese conditions, the mass concentration of iturin A was increasedfrom 45.30 mg/ml to 47.87 mg/ml. The followingcomponents of the medium were determined: carbon sources(glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, rhamnose, and solublestarch); nitrogen sources (peptone, soybean meal, NH4Cl,urea, and ammonium citrate); and metal ions (Zn2+, Fe3+,Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and K+). The effects of these componentson iturin A production were observed in LB medium. Weselected sucrose, soybean meal, and Mg2+ for RSM to optimizethe conditions because of several advantages, includingmaximum iturin A production, high antifungal activity,and low cost. The optimum concentrations of these componentswere 0.98% sucrose, 0.94% soybean meal, and 0.93%Mg2+. After iturin A production was optimized by RSM, themass concentration reached 52.21 mg/ml. The antifungal specificactivity was enhanced from 350.11 AU/mg to 513.92AU/mg, which was 46.8% higher than the previous result. The present study provides an important experimental basisfor the industrial-scale production of iturin A and the agriculturalapplications of Bacillus sp. BH072.

Antioxidant Capacities of Leafy Vegetables as Affected by Fertilization, Cultivation Environment, and Growth Stage

Xin Zhao,Edward E. Carey,Takeo Iwamoto 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Ultraviolet Blocking from Agro-industrial Wastes: A Comparative Study

Xin Zhao,Fangchao Cheng,Yingcheng Hu 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.1

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from agro-industrial waste (cornstalk, corn flesh, andcorncob) by subjecting the raw materials to organosolv and peroxide treatment, followed by ultrasonication. A detailedcomparative study was performed. Characterization results showed that the CNFs from cornstalk (CS) exhibited higher yieldand lignin content (20.81 %), compared with CNFs from corn flesh (CF) and corncob (CC). The CNFs from CF and CCexhibited similar morphology, particle size, crystallinity, and thermal stability but showed improved ultraviolet blockingability and optical transparency relative to those of CS. The CNFs from CF showed higher dispersion stability andmechanical properties than those from CS and CC. Peroxide treatment negatively influenced crystallinity and thermalstability, but exerted no apparent effect on optical transparency and mechanical strength. Thus, this study demonstrates thatagro-industrial wastes are sustainable resources for CNF production, which can potentially have a wide range of value-addedapplications. Ionic liquid-aided solvothermal treatment followed by ultrasonication is a facile and ideal method to produceCNFs with ultraviolet blocking ability.

Bamboo Salt Has In Vitro Anticancer Activity in HCT-116 Cells and Exerts Anti-Metastatic Effects In Vivo

Xin Zhao,김소영,박건영 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.1

Bamboo salt is a traditional food widely used in Korea. The in vitro anticancer effects of this salt were evaluated in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A 1% salt concentration of bamboo salt baked nine times (9×) inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells by 53%, which was higher than salt baked three times (3×) or once (1×; 44% and 41%, respectively) and much higher than solar sea salt (Korean sea salt) and purified salt (22% and 18%, respectively). To elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of the salt samples in cancer cells, expression of genes associated with apoptosis, inflammation, and metastasis was measured with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Bamboo salt (9×) significantly induced apoptosis in cancer cells (P<.05) by upregulating Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3, and downregulating Bcl-2. The expression of genes associated with inflammation (NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2) was significantly downregulated (P<.05) by 9× bamboo salt, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties. The 9× bamboo salt also exerted a greater anti-metastatic effect on cancer cells than the other salts as demonstrated by decreased mRNA expression of MMP genes and increased expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which was confirmed by the inhibition of tumor metastasis induced in colon 26-M3.1 cells in BALB/c mice. In contrast, purified and solar salts increased metastasis in the mice. Our results demonstrated that 9× bamboo salt had the most potent in vitro anticancer effect, induced apoptosis, had anti-inflammatory activities, and exerted in vivo anti-metastatic effects. Additionally, the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastatic effects of the 1× and 3× bamboo salts were stronger than those of the purified and solar salts.

유채 발아실험을 이용한 수용액과 토양 상에서 Pb, Ni과 As의 식물독성 비교

Xin Zhao,이종근,한재마로,김재영 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2

특정 중금속에 대한 식물독성(Phytotoxicity)을 파악하기 위해 오염물질로 처리된 수용액에서의 발아실험(Germination Test)이 일반적으로 수행되고 있는데, 그 결과를 토양오염의 조건에 바로 적용할 수 없다는 한계가 존재한다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 토양에서의 발아실험 역시 수행되고 있으나, 이러한 실험들의 경우는 특정 오염수준의 대상 토양을 채취하여 해당 오염 정도에서의 식물독성을 측정하는 일회성의 검증에 그칠뿐더러, 토양 내 중금속 오염수준 변화에 따른 식물독성을 파악할 수도 없다. 또한 토양에서의 발아실험에 소요되는 노력 및 비용이 수용액 실험과 비교해 훨씬 크다는 단점 역시 가지고 있다. 유채는 유료 작물로 어디서나 잘 자라고 그 용도가 다양하여 많은 연구가 이루어진 식물 중 하나이며 중금속으로 오염된 토양의 복원 공법 중 하나인 식물정화기술(Phytoremediation)에서도 흔히 사용되는 식물이다. 또한 수확된 씨앗을 이용하여 바이오디젤(Biodiesel) 생산원료로 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있어 식물정화기술 분야에서 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있는 식물종이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 서로 다른 상(相, phase)인 수용액과 토양에서 Pb, Ni과 As이 유채에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 그 두 상의 차이 및 상관관계를 조사하여, 대상 식물의 수용액 상 발아실험 결과만을 통해 토양에서의 중금속 농도 및 독성을 추정하기 위한 방법을 제안하고자 하였다.