일반논문 : 노자상이주(老子想爾注) 양생윤리 -양생의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서-

정우진 ( Woo Jin Jung ),문석윤 ( Suk Yoon Moon ) 동양철학연구회 2013 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.75 No.-

본고는 『상이주』에 보이는 생명과 윤리의 논리를 양생윤리라는 개념으로 포착하고, 그것을 양생론의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서 고찰한 연구의 결과물이다. 외척, 환관정치로 인해 생명이 피폐해지고 社의 권위가 흔들린 후한대의 상황은 개인적 차원에 머물러 있던 양생에 사회화를 요구했고, 그 결과 양생은 윤리와 결합하게 되었다. 감정을 중요한 생명의 단서로 생각하고, 감정의 유로를 생명의 소실로 보는 기존의 전통 윤리적 관념은, 양생윤리의 배경이 되었다. 『상이주』 양생윤리의 전모는 『正統道藏30冊』 543쪽에 실려 있는 ``道 德尊經戒``에 보인다. 도덕존경계에는 『도덕경』 등에 보이는 퇴양과 인순의 지혜가 담겨 있기 때문에, 『상이주』 도계는 지혜의 격언과 도덕규범 이 혼재된 것이었음을 알 수 있다. 이 점은 『상이주』가 『도덕경』 주석서 형태를 띠고 있다는 점, 또 『도덕경』의 가르침이 도덕규범으로 발전할 소지가 있었다는 점 등으로 설명될 수 있다. 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통적 양생론과 달랐다. 그러므로 마음의 안정을 지향하던 전통윤리와는 다른, 생명과 윤리를 연결하는 별도의 기제가 요구되었다. 『상이주』의 저자는 선악판단과 수명의 심판자인 天曹, 수명의 증감을 기록한 계약서라는 관념 그리고 尸解라는 독특한 죽음관을 적절히 이용해서 ``선악-천조의 관할-생명의 증감``이라는 논리를 만들었다. 이 배후에는 감정적 동요는 도덕적 악의 상태에 해당한다는 전통적 윤리관이 전제되어 있다. 결국 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통윤리, 그리고 전통윤리의 배후에 있던 생명과 윤리의 결합이라는 관념이 당시의 민중 신앙과 섞여 만들어진 양생론이자 민중종교 윤리였던 셈이다. Nurturing life is one of the most important thoughts in ancient china. Xiang Er Zhu is the bible of Wou Dou Mi Tu(五斗米徒). I investigated Xiang Er Zhu from the perspective of Nurturing Life in this treatise. Nurturing Life first shown in Zhuang Zi(莊子) and Guan Zi(管子) had developed through Qin Hin(秦漢) period and changed itself in accordance with the demand of age. This change can be told to be the development of Nurturing Life Theory. In post han period, Nurturing Life Theory had to fit itself into the age request, socialization. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is the response to the request. China had some thoughts of the original form of Nurturing Life Ethic. Tai Ping Jing(太平經) is one of them. But the oldest model we can find would be in Guan Zi. In Guan Zi, we can find the thought that feeling stability cause health of mind and body. Nurturing Life in Xiang Er Zhu formed on the foundation of that thought. But it did not follow the same logic. It borrowed such concepts as Tai Yin(太陰), Tian Cao(天曹) from folk religion. Folk religion was familiar with the chinese and had the power to enforce moral behavior. People should keep Dao Jie(道誡) not to lessen his life by punishment of Tian Cao. But Zao Shen(조神) or San Shi(三尸) that report guilty of person to Tian Cao in Daoism Ethic is not in Xiang Er Zhu. Instead, Xiang Er Zhu proposed the technique of Shi Jie(尸解), revival from death. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is folk religion ethic founded on the traditional ethic orienting feeling stability and the cohesion of life and ethic behind traditional ethic.

初期發熱患者에 대한 防風解毒湯의 經時的 解熱效果

정우상,문상관,조기호,김영석,배형섭,이경섭 경희대학교 1997 慶熙醫學 Vol.13 No.4

솔-젤법에 의한 Nb_2O_5-Fe_2O_3 혼합산화물의 제조 및 산 특성조사

정석조,양희정,권재범,이내우,우희철 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

In this study, some of results from a study conducted on the preparation of niobium coated hematite particles to be used as a catalyst are presented.α-Fe_2O_3 (hematite) particles obtained by aging an acidic solution of ferric(Ⅲ) ions at high temperature were first prepared as core particles and synthesised by hydrolysis at high temperature with layers of amorphous niobium pentaoxide (Nb_2O_5) deposited by the hydrolysis of niobium pentachloride. The effects of varying molecular ratio of Nb/Fe (10/1, 5/1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10) were studied. The synthesised particles were characterized for their physical and chemical properties using XRD, SEM, TPD, BET etc. The process of the surface coating showed heterocoagulation rather than surface nucleation and growth. A preliminary investigation of the acidic characterization and specific surface area of the synthesised particles showed that these particles can achieve an acidic characteristic changed and enhanced specific surface area of that of pure niobia and α-Fe_2O_3 prepared here.

부산 서구 저탄소 녹색도시사업을 통한 지역환경 개선 및 활성화 방안 연구

정숙진, 윤성환, 우신구 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2012 부산연구 Vol.10 No.-

전 세계의 환경문제인 기후변화에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해 새로운 국가 비전인 저탄소 녹색도시을 견인할 수 있는 지역·권역별 녹색도시화 특성화 방안을 제시함으로서 기후변화에 대응할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 부산 원도심인 서구 충무동·남부민동의 풍부한 자연자원과 다양한 역사·문화자원을 활용한 저탄소 녹색성장과 환경보호를 양립시켜 새로운 성장동력과 지역경제 활성화로 도시재생방안을 마련한다. 녹색기술을 활용한 경사지 주거재생, 도심형 항만재생, 원도심 상권재생의 3대 목표를 설정하고 6대 핵심 전략을 중심으로 지속가능한 녹색도시를 조성한다. 서구 저탄소 녹색도시 선도사업에서 노후화된 주거시설을 개선하기 위한 하우스 프로젝트을 통해 지역성에 맞는 주거모델을 제시하고 친환경 기술요소를 이용하여 자체에너지 생산, 그린 인프라를 이용하여 생태복원 및 바람길을 연결하여 미기후 조절을 가능하게 한다. 그리고 도심형 항만재생에서는 공동어시장에 발생하는 유기성폐기물을 바이오매스시스템 구축을 통하여 바이오에너지를 생산하며 해양친수공간 조성과 천마산을 연결하는 그린네트워크를 형성하여 부산의 대표적인 저탄소 녹색성장 명품도시로 조성한다. By suggesting the green city characterization measure for each region and zone that can lead the low carbon green city which is a new national vision in order to actively cope with the climate change, the global environment issue, we aim to seek for the measure to build up low carbon green city suitable for local characteristics. With low carbon green growth and environment protection by using abundant natural resources and various historical/cultural resources in Seo-gu Chungmu-dong and Nambumin-dong, the old downtown of Busan, the city reclamation measure can be prepared based on a new growth driving force and local economic vitalization. It is a general measure related to easing and adapting to climate change like water circulation, including setting up the three main goals like reclamation of residence on slopes, urban ports and business districts in old downtown based on green technology, and the six core strategies like establishing system of carbon reduction through using low carbon energy, improving the transportation structure through introducing green traffic system, having water/resource circulation system through low carbon circulation resource, having green construction system through applying green technology and environmentfriendly materials, building up ecotype greens based on the carbon absorption system through management of greens and urban forest and creating green community through private and public green partnership. It is possible to control microclimate by connecting wind ways, restoring ecology through using green infrastructure and producing its own energy based on environment-friendly technical elements as also suggesting residental models suitable for local characteristics based on the house project to improve obsolete residential facilities with low carbon green city leading project in Seo-gu. For the urban port reclamation, bio-energy is produced by building up biomass system through organic waste generated in the joint fish market. As also forming waterfront and green network connecting with Mt. Cheonma, it can be the representative low carbon green growth city in Busan.

성인원외폐렴의 원인미생물에대한 전향적 다기관 연구 : 성인원외폐렴의 원인으로 세균의 역할을 중심으로

우준희,강재명,김양수,신완식,류진홍,최정현,김양리,정희진,어수택,박춘식,정문현,정기석,이찬주,류지소 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Background : Communite-acquired peumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Despite progress in diagnostic techniques and treatments, management of pneumonia remains challenging, because the precise etiology remains uncertain in as many as 49% of cases. The limitaions of identifying etiologic agents make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric antibiotic regimen. For the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, we should know the frequency of etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community. Methods : A prospective multicenter study of community-acquired pneumonia in Korea was carried out between May 1997 and April 2000. The microbiologic diagnosis was based on the results of sputum culture, blood culture and pleural culture. Results : Five hundred eighty eight cases of community-acquired peumonia in 562 patients admitted to the hospitals. The mean age was 59.9 with male predominance (58.3%), and 370 (63%) had underlyin gillness. The etiologic agents were identified in 38.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was Streprococcus pneumoniae (21.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), viridans group streptococci (5.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%), Hemophillus Influenza (3.8%), The rates of admission to the intensive care unit was 10.4%. The motality was 7.1%. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Forty percents of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. K. penumoniae were susceptible to cephalosporin and quinolone. Conclusion : In Korea, S.pneumoniae is the most important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Gram negative bacteria such as K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa showed high incidence when compared with that of other countries. Most of them had underlying diseases including bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:1∼7, 2001)

정상 인체 멜라닌세포에서 endothelin-1 receptor antagonist가 melanin생성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박진우,이종석,황규왕,김정하 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

In the normal skin, melanocytes maintain their constant population and their melanogenic activity in steady state, but respond to several stimulus such as UV radiation and chemical irritation, to accentuate proliferation and differentiation, leading to hyperpigmentation of the skin. Human Keratinocytes produce and secrete endothelin-1, which can be strong mitogens for human melanocytes. The paracrine linkage of endothelin-1 between keratinocytes and melanocytes suggested that endothelin-1 is intrinsic mediators for human melanocytes in UVB-induced pigmentation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the new whitening agent, which improve the hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the ET-1. So, we add ET-1 and five kinds of ETRA into the cultured normal human melanocyte and then three days later, each ETRA on ET-1 was measured melanocyte number and inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis, respectively. In this study, ETRA has a inhibitory effect on ET-1 induced melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis. ETRA I has a strong inhibitory effect on melanocyte proliferation and ETRA Ⅱ has a strong inhibitory effect melanogenesis. western blotting results shows negative. It may be due to the processing error of protein denaturing or low antigen -antibody affinity. But, we also confirm that ETRA Ⅱ has a inhibitory effect of tyrosinae synthesis by RT-PCR

활동성 궤양성 대장염 환자에서 발생한 뇌정맥 혈전증 1예

남승우,양석균,정훈용,주연호,홍원선,민영일,김종성,유창식,서대철 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

한국인에게서 그레이브스병 약물치료의 적정기간

이형숙,이동훈,정희선,이종우,김정은,신승수,정윤석,이관우,김현만 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.1

연구배경: 그레이브스병의 치료에는 항갑상선제, 수술 및 방사성 요오드법이 선택되어 사용되고 있다. 이중 항갑상선제는 가장 많이 선호되고 있으나 낮은 관해율과 높은 재발율로 장기간 치료기간이 요구된다. 저자들은 그레이브스병 환자에게서, 선택되는 치료법의 선호도와 각 치료법의 관해율을 조사하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 항갑선제 치료의 적정기간을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 아주대학교병원에 내원한 환자 중 1년 이상 추적관찰이 가능한 205명의 그레이브스병 환자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 항갑상제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군은 각각 170명, 29명 그리고 6명이었다. ROC curve를 이용하여 약물치료의 예후예측인자를 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 그레이브스병 환자의 치료 방법의 선택은 항갑상선제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군 각각 170명(83.0%), 29명(14.1%) 그리고 6명(2.9%)으로 항갑상선제 치료가 가장 선호되었다. 2) 그레이브스병의 관해율은 항갑상선제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군에서 각각 60.0%(102/170명), 96.5%(28/29명) 그리고 83.0%(5/6명)으로 수술군이 가장 높았다. 3) ROC curve의 AUC는 치료기간과 진단시 TBII가 각각 0.709 및 0.648이었고 적절한 약물투여 추적 관찰기간은 26개월이었다. 결론: 그레이브스병의 일차 치료법으로는 항갑상선제가 선호되고 있으나 수술 및 방사성 요오드 치료군에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 관해율을 보였다. 따라서 항갑상선제 치료로 26개월 이상 관해가 되지 않을 경우에는 치료 방법의 변경을 고려하는 것이 관해율을 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Background: Graves' disease in an organ specific autoimmune disease. Three kinds of therapeutic modalities (antithyroid drugs, ablation with radioactive iodine and subtotal thyroidectomy) are frequently performed for the management of this disease. The most popular therapeutic policy for the disease in Korea is antithyroid treatment. We analysed and compared the remission rates of all three modalities for Graves' disease, and evaluated the antithyroid modality to determine the correct duration of treatment. Subjects & Methods : The medical records of 205 patients with Graves' disease were reviewed. For the evaluation of the antithyroid modality medical treatment, antithyroid drugs were administered for more than 1 year. The prognostic factors associated with remission were analysed by means of an ROC curve. Results: 1) Of the 205 patients, proportions that received medical therapy, subtotal thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy were 83.0, 14.1 and 2.9%, respectively. 2) The remission rates of the medical therapy, surgery and radioiodine therapy were 60.0, 96.5 and 83.0%, respectively. 3) The remission rate of the medical therapy was associated with the duration of medication and TBII activity. The determined proper duration for the antithyroid treatment was 26 months from the ROC curve analysis. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the proper duration of antithyroid treatment for Graves' disease is 26 months, after which time the subtotal thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy should be considered if the disease has not remitted (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:24∼31, 2003).

교정선의 종류, 결찰방법, 타액의 유무에 따른 마찰력의 비교연구

한정숙,이진우,차경석 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.2

치아에 부착된 bracket이 교정선을 따라 이동할때 필연적으로 bracket과 교정선, 결찰재 사이에 마찰력이 발생된다. 이에 저자는 동일한 bracket내에서 교정선의 종류, 결찰방법, 건조와 타액상태에 따른 마찰력 차이, 타액의 윤활제로서의 기능을 살펴보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 본 실험에 사용된 bracket은 .018"× .025" slot의 상악 견치용 standard edgewise bracket(RMO. USA)이며, 교정선은 .016" , .016" × .022" 크기의 Cobalt-chromium(Elgiloy . RMO. USA), Nickel-titanium(Ni-Ti) (ORTHOLLOY : Goldstar Cable Co. KOREA), Beta- titanium(TMA : ORMCO Co., USA)의 2가지형태의 3종을 이용하여 활주할때의 마찰력을 만능시험기(Instron, M 1000 EC)를 사용하여 계측하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.각각의 동일조건하에서 교정전의 재질에 따른 마찰력은 Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti순으로 증가하였다. 단, 타액상태에서 elastomeric으로 결찰한 .016" 군에서는 예외이다. 2.각 조건하(건조/타액상태, .016" /.016" × .022" ) 에서 결찰방법에 따른 마찰력은 elastomeric보다 stainless steel 결찰에서 더 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3.각각의 교정선과 결찰방법에서 타액 유무에 따른 마찰력은 stainless steel로 결찰한 .016" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti는 타액상태에서 감소하나, stainless steel로 결찰한 .016" × .022" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti는 타액상태에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 4.각 조건하(건조/타액상태, elastomeric/stainless steel결찰) .016" 과 .016" × .O22" 교정선 사이의 마찰력은 .016" × .022" 교정선에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). The purpose of this study was fourfold - to evaluate the general laws of friction applied to orthodontic conditions, to compare archwire materials under these controlled conditions, to compare ligation method, and to measure the effect of the artificial saliva on friction with these materials Three wire alloys (Cobalt-chromium, Nickel-titanium, Beta-titanium) in two size wires (.016" ,.016" × .022" ) were examined respect to the bracket (0.18 × .025" standard), and two ligature material (stainless steel, elastomeric) in dry and wer conditions The result were as follows, 1.The order of frictional force against alloy materials was Co-Cr (lowest), Ni-Ti, and β -Ti(highest) - with the exception of elastomeric ligation under wet conditions. 2.S.S. ligation gave rise to significantly greater friction than elastomeric ligation did. 3.Testing in the presence of saliva, rather than in dry conditions, decreased the frictional force for S.S. ligation with .016" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β -Ti. but, increased the frictional force for 5.5. ligation with .016" × .022" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, β-Ti. 4.016" ×.022 " wire generated more friction than .016" wire.

정신분열병에 대한 Risperidone의 효과 및 안전성에 관하여

신석철,왕성근,지익성,이선우,이규광,이봉희,이진영,황선희,신용재,배경도,김정란 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 10 patients with chronic schizophrenia were examined for 8 weeks in a silgle-open study. After the wash-out period of 1 week, risperidone was administered. Efficacy was evaluated by means of Positive and Negative syndrome Scale for Schizophernia(PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression(CGI). Safety assessment included the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), vital signs, body weight, ECG, and laboratory tests. The results were as follows 1) On the PANSS total score, there was significant improvement of total score after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 2) On the PANSS positive and negative subscal, there were significant improvement of posotive and negative scores after 2 weeks (P<.05) of administration. 3) On the PANSS general psychopatholgy subscals, there were significant improvement of general psychopathologyscores after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 4) On the CGI, there was significant decreasement of clinical impression of severity of schizophrenia score after 2 week (P<.05) of administration. 5) A statistically significant increase in body weight (P<.05) was observed after 8 weeks of administration. 6) EPS reached the peak at the end of the 1st week of administration of risperidone (11.8± 24.25) but they were easily relieved by addition of benztropine and clonazepam. There was not significant change in laboratory tests, vital sign, ECG after 8 weeks of administration. These results suggest that Risperidone is an effective antipsychotics and clinically safe except for increased body weight in chronic schizophrenia.