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Wang Chung-Chieh,Tseng Li-Shan,Huang Chien-Chang,Chuang Pi-Yu,Su Nan-Chou,Chen Cheng-Ta,Lo Shih-How,Tsuboki Kazuhisa 한국기상학회 2024 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.60 No.3
Typhoons Morakot (2009) and Mindulle (2004) were two of the rainiest and most damaging typhoons to hit Taiwan on record, where both cases are associated with a strong low-level southwesterly monsoon flow. The moisture-rich southwesterly monsoon flow and the typhoon-induced northwesterly current usually converge on Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range to produce catastrophic rainfall. The two storms are simulated with a cloud-resolving model (CRM) using the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) methodology to assess the fraction of precipitation attributable to long-term climate change. For each storm, two scenarios are simulated and compared—the control run in present-day climate and the sensitivity test in a past environment four decades ago, where the climate-change signal (“deltas”) is computed using global reanalysis data as the difference between 1990–2009 and 1950–1969. Being realistically reproduced by the CRM at a 3-km grid size in the control run, both typhoons progress in the sensitivity test with highly similar evolution to their present-day counterpart, even though the background in the sensitivity run is slightly cooler and drier than the present. Under the current climate, Morakot and Mindulle produce more rainfall by about 5 mm per day within 300–400 km from the center during their lifespan (equal to an increase of ~4–8%) compared to their counterparts in past climates. Such results are in close agreement with previous studies, and the shift in mean daily rainfall is tested as statistically significant at a confidence level of 99.5%. The water budget analysis shows that the increased rainfall from past to present climate is accounted for mainly by the low-level convergence of moisture associated with a more vigorous secondary circulation and a higher precipitable water amount.
Chung-Chieh Wang,Nan-Chou Su,Jou-Ping Hou,이동인 한국기상학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.54 No.3
The forecast of summertime afternoon convection by numerical weather prediction models is highly challenging because of its weak dynamical forcing, small scale, and low predictability. To assess such an ability for future improvement, we evaluated the performance of the 2.5-km Cloud-Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS) in predicting afternoon convection in Taiwan under weak synoptic conditions during the summers (May–October) of 2011 and 2012. For a total of 89 target days, daily CReSS forecasts in three ranges, starting at 0000 UTC (0800 LST) on the same day (D0), the day before (D-1), and 2 days before (D-2), were examined. With regard to the occurrence of afternoon convection anywhere in Taiwan, the predictive skill of the model was considerably high, as evidenced by the threat score (TS) and post-agreement (PA) of D0 (D-1) forecasts reaching 0.75 and 0.90 (0.50 and 0.79), respectively.While the score values decrease when Taiwan is divided into four regions (i.e., the forecast must be in the correct region to be considered a hit), the TS and PA for D0 (D-2) forecasts remain respectable at 0.44 and 0.73 (0.29 and 0.59). Among the four regions, the TS (0.48–0.65) and PA (0.77–0.83) for Central Taiwan are the highest with the best predictive skill. Overall, while the prediction of afternoon convection in the correct region is challenging, the 2.5-km CReSS model has considerable skill (TS ~ 0.30) even 2 days in advance, and can provide useful guidance for afternoon convection in Taiwan.
Sahana Paul,Chung-Chieh Wang,Li-Shan Tseng,이동인,Jing-Shan Hong,Tzay-Ming Leou 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4
This study assesses relative merit of three mesoscale models – the Cloud-Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS), the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the CWB Non-hydrostatic Forecast System (NFS) – that participated in the Southwest Monsoon Experiment (SoWMEX) in 2008. The Mei-yu quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) in May–June of the three models are compared against merged data from ~400 rain gauges and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The three models have a grid size of 3.5 or 5 km, and their QPFs over the forecast range of 12–36 h are verified by subjective means, with particular foci on rainfall spatial pattern, intra-seasonal variability, and diurnal cycle during the entire season, its sub-periods, and Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs). The three models each has advantages and disadvantages. The CReSS performs best in seasonal and diurnal characteristics of rainfall. Despite higher resolution, it suffers from over-forecast and location error problems. Without a data assimilation system, its single domain with a limited size fabricates it more sensitive to errors in initial and boundary conditions (IC/BCs) from the global model. Although theCWBWRF is most stable among three and performs well in simulating spatial distribution of rainfall, it exhibits under-prediction with an inadequate intra-seasonal variation. In both the entire period and IOPs, the CWB NFS simulates rainfall pattern closest to observation with only slight under-prediction. However, the diurnal cycle captured by the CWB NFS has a phase lag of 12 h and thus a timing error that is likely associated with delayed development of convection due to systematic bias.
Bactericidal Activity of Soymilk Fermentation Broth by In Vitro and Animal Models
Yi-Ping Chin,Ko-Chung Tsui,Mei-Chieh Chen,Cheng-Yi Wang,Chin-Yuh Yang,Yuh-Ling Lin 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.6
Soybean fermentation broth (SFB) exhibits potent antibacterial activity against different species of bacteria in in vitro assays and animal models. Four isoflavone compounds—daidzin, genistin, genistein, and daidzein—of SFB were analyzed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the in vitro test, daidzin and daidzein had more potent antibacterial activity than genistin. The minimum inhibition concentration values for these bacteria of SFB ranged from 1.25%to 5%, and the minimum bactericidal concentration values of strains ranged from 2.5% to 10%, depending on the species or strain. Vancomycin-resistant Entercoccus faecalis (VRE) strains were also tested for susceptibility to SFB in two species of animal model: the Sprague–Dawley rat and the BALB/c mouse. SFB-fed Sprague–Dawley rats showed excellent elimination efficiency against VRE, close to 99% compared with the phosphate-buffered saline–fed control group. In the BALB/c mouse model, SFB antibacterial activity was 65–80% against VRE compared with the control. In conclusion, SFB contains natural antibacterial substances such as daidzin, genistin, and daidzein that inhibit bacterial growth.
Huan-Kan Tseng,Chieh-Chen Wang,Jung-Cheng Chen,Hui-Chieh Li,Chuan-Chung Hsieh 한국교육개발원 2022 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.19 No.1
The purpose of this qualitative study is to present and shape successful indigenous school principal leadership in Taiwan. We focus particularly on a principal’s attitudes to change, how this influences principal leadership practice and ultimately its contribution to improving school performance. The study captures and analyzes opinions of the stakeholders of an indigenous school on principal leadership to understand how the principal leads the school to successful transformation. The results show that indigenous principal leadership emphasizes harmonious collective relationships, equality of power, spiritual satisfaction and collectivism. The ancestral soul is especially rooted in the principal’s philosophy and values, such that the principal makes good use of the blood ties between schools and tribes, and creates a community of a shared future, facing difficulties together. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge on shaping successful indigenous school principal leadership, which transforms the internal and external environmental factors into the forces for successful school change and benefits the stakeholders.
Jeong, Jong-Hoon,Lee, Dong-In,Wang, Chung-Chieh AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016 Monthly weather review Vol.144 No.10
<P>In this study, an extreme rainfall-producing quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system (MCS) associated with the Changma front in southeastern South Korea is investigated using numerical simulations and sensitivity tests. A record-breaking rainfall amount was recorded in response to repeated initiation of new cells (i.e., back-building) over the same area for several hours. The aim of this study is to realistically simulate and analyze this extreme rainfall event to better understand an impact of the cold pool that leads to the quasi stationary MCS over southeastern South Korea by using a convection-allowing-resolution (2 km) non hydrostatic atmospheric model. The control experiment (CNTL) was successfully performed, yielding the quasi-stationary, back building MCS at approximately the correct location and time. In the CNTL run, diabatic cooling due to evaporation of raindrops was responsible for the formation of the cold pool. The development of the cold pool was responsible for the deceleration of the propagating convective line, which played a role in the stalling of the MCS over southeastern South Korea. Moreover, new convective cells were repeatedly initiated in the region where an oncoming warm inflow met the leading edge of the cold pool and was uplifted. In an experiment without evaporative cooling (NOEVA), the simulated precipitation pattern was shifted to the northeast because the MCS became nonstationary without the cold pool. The cold pool had an essential role in the stationarity of the MCS, which resulted in extreme rainfall over the Busan metropolitan area.</P>
Association of AXIN1 With Parkinson’s Disease in a Taiwanese Population
Hwa-Shin Fang,Chih-Ying Chao,Chun-Chieh Wang,Wen-Lang Fan,Po-Jung Huang,Hon-Chung Fung,Yih-Ru Wu 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2022 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.15 No.1
A meta-analysis of locus-based genome-wide association studies recently identified a relationship between AXIN1 and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Few studies of Asian populations, however, have reported such a genetic association. The influences of rs13337493, rs758033, and rs2361988, three PD-associated genetic variants of AXIN1, were investigated in the present study because AXIN1 is related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling.