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Robust target cascading for improving firing accuracy of combat vehicle
김신유,임우철,김한수,Namhee Ryu,Kihan Kwon,Sunghoon Lim,민승재,TaeHeeLee 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.12
Complex systems like combat vehicles contain numerous subsystems and components. Therefore, simultaneous consideration of hierarchy of a system, subsystems, and components is necessary for optimization. Multidisciplinary design optimization techniques have been researched to design the complex system. However most of these techniques premise integration process of total system which requires great time and cost. To reduce time and cost for the integration process, we introduce a target cascading technique that optimizes complex hierarchy system with several subproblems of each subsystem and component. Another challenge is to improve the firing accuracy of combat vehicle under various uncertainties. Robust design is therefore necessary to improve the firing accuracy of combat vehicles. To utilize these two concepts in optimization process, statistical information of firing angle is used as linking variables for problem formulation of robust target cascading. Furthermore, analysis of variance, surrogate modeling and statistical approach evaluating firing accuracy are employed to enhance efficiency of optimization. Finally, optimum design of a combat vehicle is achieved by using robust target cascading while improving firing accuracy.
( Tae Hee Lee ),( Jiyoon Bu ),( Sung Hee Hyun ),( Woo Sun Rou ),( Seok Hyun Kim ),( Byung Seok Lee ),( Luke J. Kubiatowicz ),( Seungpyo Hong ),( Hyuk Soo Eun ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently diagnosed at the advanced stage, delaying the timely treatment. Therefore, the early detection of HCC can reduce the mortality of a cancer by inhibiting its progression in earlier stage. Herein, we designed a non-invasive, low cost liquid biopsy platform based on the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for the early diagnosis of HCC. cfDNA is extracted by the polydopamine (PDA)-silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) hybrids, which synergistically interact with different part of nucleotide, allowing more accurate sensing of cfDNA. We evaluated the diagnostic capability of our cfDNA testing platform for detecting early stage HCC. Methods: PDA-SiO<sub>2</sub> hybrids were coated on the alginate beads, in order to enhance the cfDNA adsorption. The beads were directly applied on human plasma samples after treating with proteinase K and lysis buffer. Plasma cfDNA concentrations were quantified using NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Scientific). Total 209 individuals were enrolled in this study including 99 patients with HCC, 50 patients with liver cirrhosis, 30 patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 30 healthy individuals, respectively. Results: Average cfDNA concentration was significantly higher for HCC patients compared to both healthy donors and other types of liver disease patients, including alcoholic liver disease and liver cirrhosis (1.68 ± 1.2 ng/μL vs. 0.16 ± 0.17 ng/μL, 0.41 ± 0.28 ng/μL, and 0.59 ± 0.49 ng/μL, respectively; P<0.0001). Other serum biomarkers such as ALT, AST, ALP, total protein level, and platelet concentration did not show significant difference between the cancer patients and at least one of the control groups. Obviously, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was the only serum protein that demonstrated high diagnostic capability for HCC patients, exhibiting 655.2 ± 3,181.3 ng/mL, 9.7 ± 19.9 ng/mL, 11.4 ± 32.4 ng/mL, and 3.4 ± 1.9 ng/mL for the patients with cancer, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and non-diseased, respectively (P<0.0001). We further conducted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and confirmed that cfDNA concentration has superior diagnostic capability by showing high level of area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) (0.896, 95% CI: 0.855-0.937; P<0.0001) than that of serum AFP level (0.770, 95% CI: 0.705-0.835; P<0.0001). Interestingly, when combining these two markers together by adding normalized serum AFP levels and plasma cfDNA concentrations, the AUC-ROC value has increased up to 0.907 (95% CI: 0.867-0.947; P<0.0001), showing the best HCC diagnostic ability. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that cfDNA has higher diagnostic functionality to differentiate patients with HCC from other types of liver diseases, compared to other conventional serum biomarkers. When analyzed together with AFP, the diagnostic capability could be further enhanced, showing both higher sensitivity and specificity than either of cfDNA or serum AFP. Therefore, our cfDNA-based diagnosis platform enables patients to receive appropriate curative therapy at the earlier stage of the tumor.
( Tae Hee Lee ),( Joon Seong Lee ),( Su Jin Hong ),( Seong Ran Jeon ),( Wan Jung Kim ),( Hyun Gun Kim ),( Joo Young Cho ),( Jin Oh Kim ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.4
Background/Aims To evaluate the effects of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor vardenafil on esophageal function, including bolus transit, using multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal manometry (MII-EM). Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers (15 men) underwent an MII-EM study including 10 liquid swallows and 10 viscous swallows in a seated position after fasting. Then, each subject was asked to ingest 50 mL distilled water or 10 mg vardenafil dissolved in 50 mL water, in a double-blind manner. After 25 minutes, the MII-EM study was repeated. Results Eight men received vardenafil and eight subjects received water. Resting and residual lower esophageal sphincter pressures differed significantly only in the vardenafil group (from 18 ± 6.7 to 6.6 ± 5.3 mmHg, P < 0.001 and from 4.9 ± 2.6 to 2.1 ± 3.6 mmHg, P = 0.006, respectively). Mean distal esophageal amplitude decreased significantly only in the vardenafil group (from 86.7 ± 41.6 to 34.0 ± 38.0 mmHg, P < 0.05). Complete bolus transits of liquid and viscous meals decreased significantly only after vardenafil ingestion (from 80.2% ± 13.8% to 49.4% ± 27.9%, P < 0.05 and from 72.8% ± 33.6% to 21.5% ± 29.0%, P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions Vardenafil decreased esophageal bolus transit in the seated position, despite decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012,18:399-405)