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김태형,정원지,엄태진,홍대선 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産技硏論文集 Vol.14 No.-
As personal computers are being developed, most softwares are based on window-based operating systems recently. The programmable logic controllers (PLC's) which are usually operated based on the DOS system should be adapted to the window-based environment in order to have the multi-tasking and flexibility of PLC programs. In this paper, the PLC driving programs which are based on the window-based operating systems are developed for the hardwares in which only DOS-based driving programs are being used currently.
구재경,엄태선,박명균,박세만 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2007 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.26 No.-
An experimental method involving electrical resistant strain gages and the computational method of the Finite Element Technique are employed to determine the location of the stress concentrations for the cellular phone. The results show that this area is highly susceptible to the hinge and it vicinity between folder and the body is found to be the most stress this area is highly susceptible to the Possible initiation of the crack leading to the complete failure and malfunction failure of the phone. Three different materials are considered to be possible candidates to replace the current materials. The higher the young's modules the lower the stress concentrations at the hinge area.
( Sun Young Yim ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Suh Sang Jun ),( Eun Sun Kim ),( Bora Keum ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Chang Duck 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.3
Background/Aims: We aimed to clarify the association of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) with the disease status and treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: We investigated 171 biopsy-proven entecavir-treated CHB patients (109 hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-positive, 62 HBeAg-negative). HBcAg expression was positive when ≥10% of hepatocytes stained, and classified into nuclear, mixed, and cytoplasmic patterns. HBsAg expressions were intracytoplasmic (diffuse, globular, and submembranous) and membranous. The histologic activity index (HAI) and fibrosis stage followed Ishak system. Results: In HBeAg-positive patients, older age, increased HAI score, advanced fibrosis, and reduced viral load were observed when HBcAg expression shifted from nucleus to cytoplasm in HBcAg-positive patients, and HBsAg expression from non-submembranous to submembranous in HBcAg-negative patients (all, p<0.05). In HBeAg-negative patients, only intracytoplasmic HBsAg expression patterns had clinical relevance with decreased ALT levels and viremia. In HBeAg-positive patients without favorable predictors of virologic response, negative HBcAg and membranous HBsAg expression predicted greater virologic response (both, p<0.05). The probability of HBeAg seroclearance was higher in patients with increased HAI or lacking HBcAg expression (both, p<0.05). Higher serum HBsAg levels and hepatocyte HBcAg positivity were associated with reduced serum HBsAg during first and post-first year treatment, respectively (both, p<0.05). Conclusions: Hepatocyte HBcAg/HBsAg expression is a good marker for disease status and predicting treatment response. (Gut Liver 2017;11:417-425)
Treatment of Intermediate Stage HCC Patient: Impact of Deviation from BCLC Treatment Guidelines
( Sun Young Yim ),( Yoo Ra Lee ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Ho Um ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: The intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises a highly heterogenous patient population. Despite the recommendation of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as first-line treatment, adherence to the recommended treatment option is low. Four substages (B1-B4) of intermediate HCC based on up-to-seven and Child Pugh Score was proposed by Bolondi et al. and different treatments modalities are recommended according to the stages. We aimed to compare the prognosis of patients who adhere to BCLC guideline impact of substagings in the management of intermediate HCCs. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 136 patients newly diagnosed with HCC BCLC stage B from year 2004 to 2016. Patients were categorized into three groups: adherent, over-treated and under-treated group based on BCLC guideline and Bolondi substage treatment recommendation. Survival analysis was performed using cox regression to determine the effects of overtreatment in intermediate HCC patients. Results: Among 136 patients, 84.1% were male patient with mean age of 60 years and overall survival was 35 months. Out of 136 patients, 86 patients (63%) adhere to TACE while 44 patients were over-treated (liver transplantation, resection, radioembolization and radiotherapy in addition to TACE) and 6 patients were undertreated (best supportive care) according to BCLC guideline. No patient had systemic therapy as initial treatment. When patients who adhere to TACE were compared to those who were over-treated according BCLC guideline, a higher proportion of patients with greater number of tumors, increased MELD score (≥10), and prolonged INR with lower platelet count were observed in TACE treatment group (all, P<0.05). Factors significantly associated with prolonged survival using multivariate analysis revealed that bolondi substages, over-treatment according to BCLC guideline, baseline AFP level and serum sodium level predictors of survival. Subgroup analysis with those who were treated with TACE only following BCLC guideline revealed that adherence to Bolondi treatment strategy improved survival compared to those who did not adhere to Bolondi treatment (P<0.001). Conclusions: BCLC practice guideline alone is not practiced in real life management of intermediate HCC patients. Our result indicate that overtreatment according to BCLC stage has impact in the prolongation of patient survival and treatment according to Bolondi’s substage could improve survival.
( Sun Young Yim ),( Yoo Ra Lee ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Ho Um ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Sorafenib is the only standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with (HCC). However, its efficacy is not satisfactory and other treatment options are required. This study investigated the efficacy of chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with or without radiotherapy versus sorafenib alone in patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Methods: This single-center retrospective study involved 105 patients of advanced HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVT). Enrolled patients had either child-pugh (CP) class A or B liver cirrhosis whom were classified into 3 groups: 1) Sorafenib alone, n=20; 2) Chemoembolization and HAIC, n=26; 3) Chemoembolization and HAIC with radiotherapy, n=59. Sorafenib was initiated with 400mg twice daily and HAIC was based on cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil regimen, performed every 4 weeks. Response of PVT was determined 3 months after completion of treatment and was regarded as responsive when there is at least partial response. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed among the treatment groups and factors associated with mortality were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results: The median radiation dose, sorafenib treatment duration and chemoembolization sessions were 50 Gy, 40 days, and 4 sessions, respectively. Proportion of patients according to the degree of PVT (main/both vs. first order vs. segmental PV) and bilobar tumor mass involvement did not differ among the three groups of treatment. However, PVT response rate was significantly higher in group 3 (13.5% vs. 6.7% vs. 55%, P=0.014) with lower incidence of solid organ metastasis (60% vs. 23.1% vs. 18.6%, P=0.001) and child pugh class B (70%, 50%, 25.4%%, P=0.001) compared to other groups. In univariate cox analysis, treatment modalities, presence of either lymph node or other organ metastasis, CP class B, decrease in AFP levels were associated with survival. However, multivariate analysis revealed that treatment modalities (group 1 vs. 2, HR, 0.244; 95% CI, 0.06-0.999, P=0.05, group 1 vs. 3, HR, 0.121; 95% CI 0.028-0.51, P=0.004 and group 2 vs. 3, HR 0.495; 95% CI, 0.25-0.98, P=0.044) and decrease in serum AFP level within 2 months of treatment (HR, 1.813; 95% CI, 1.204-2.72; P=0.004) were the only independent factors associated with survival. Median OS was significantly higher in patient treated with radiotherapy (group3, 11.1 months) than group 2 (3.6 months, log rank P<0.001) and group 1 (2 months, P<0.001). Furthermore, median OS survival was still significantly greater in group 2 than group 1, P=0.008. Conclusions: Radiotherapy with chemoembolization and HAIC can be alternative treatment option to sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC and PVT.