Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

지리산국립공원 심원계곡 생태경관 복원공사지역 식생 변화

정태준 ( Tae-jun Jung ),김연경 ( Yeon-Gyeong Kim ),김영진 ( Young-jin Kim ),정명희 ( Myung-hee Jung ),박경희 ( Kyoung-hee Park ),신창근 ( Chang-keun Shin ),박선홍 ( Seung-hong Park ),김영선 ( Young-sun Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 지리산국립공원 심원계곡 생태경관 복원공사지역의 모니터링 결과를 분석하여 체계적인 복원관리를 도모할 수 있는 기초자료를 확보하는데 그 목적이 있다. 복원사업이 완료된 2017년도에 식생 모니터링을 위한 조사구 12개소와 대조구 4개소를 설치하였고, 2017년과 2020년의 상대우점치, 종다양도지수, 유사도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 복원사업 시 수목이 식재되었던 조사구는 종다양도지수가 0∼1.4552로 나타났고, 대조구와의 유사도지수에서는 1개 조사구가 1.32%로 분석된 것을 제외하고 모두 0%로 나타났다. 조사구의 종다양도지수 및 유사도지수가 매우 낮은 것은 복원사업 시 식재된 수목이 고사하거나 멧돼지 피해, 유수에 의한 침식으로 유실되는 등의 영향으로 판단되었다. 반면 복원사업 시 수목이 식재되지 않은 미식재 조사구는 종다양도지수가 0.9538∼2.3222로 나타났고, 유사도지수는 최대 8.33%까지 분석되었다. 국립공원 생태경관 복원공사지역의 복원 공법 개발을 위한 장기 모니터링과, 미식재 조사구의 천이과정을 분석하는 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. This study aims to obtain basic data for systematic restoration by analyzing the monitoring results of the Shimwon Valley Ecological Landscape Restoration Project area in Jirisan National Park. In 2017, when the restoration project was completed, 12 monitoring plots and 4 control plots were installed for vegetation monitoring, and changes in the relative dominance, species diversity index and similarity between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. The species diversity index of the surveyed areas where trees were planted during the restoration project was 0-1.4552, and the similarity index with the control group was 0% except for one survey area at 1.32%. The very low species diversity index and similarity index in the survey areas were attributed to the loss of trees planted during the restoration project due to death, damage by wild boars, or erosion by running water. On the other hand, the species diversity index was 0.9538-2.3222 in the monitoring plot where no tree was planted, and the similarity index was analyzed to be as high as 8.33%. It is necessary to continue the long-term monitoring for the development of ecological landscape restoration methods in the national park and analysis of the succession in monitoring plots where no trees were planted.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

The rs196952262 Polymorphism of the AGPAT5 Gene is Associated with Meat Quality in Berkshire Pigs

Woo Bum Park,Sang Mi An,Go Eun Yu,Seulgi Kwon,Jung Hye Hwang,Da Hye Park,Deok Gyeong Kang,Tae Wan Kim. Hwa Chun Park1. Jeongim Ha*.,Chul Wook Kim* 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6

High-quality meat is of great economic importance to the pig industry. The 1-acylglycerol-3- phosphate-O-acyltransferase 5 (AGPAT5) enzyme converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid in the mitochondrial membrane. In this study, we found that the porcine AGPAT5 gene was highly expressed in muscle tissue, influencing meat characteristics, and we also identified a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP) (rs196952262, c.673 A>G) in the gene, associated with a change of isoleucine 225 to valine. The presence of this nsSNP was significantly associated with meat color (lightness), lower cooking loss, and lower carcass temperatures 1, 4, and 12 h after slaughter (items T1, T4, and T12 on the recognized quality scale, respectively), and tended to increase backfat thickness and the waterholding capacity. These results suggest that nsSNP (c.673A>G) of the AGPAT5 gene is a potential genetic marker of high meat quality in pigs.

Interleukin-2와 결핵균 30 kDa 항원이 구개편도 및 말초혈액 T 세포 증식에 미치는 상승효과

박정규,박찬권,조은경,김화중,백태현,고필준,김병국,남부현,나기상,박찬일 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.1

Widespread use of BCG has not controlled tuberculosis, and more effective vaccines are clearly needed. Although chemotherapy will remain the mainstay of antituberculosis treatment, the use of adjunctive immunotherapeutic modalitites is attractive, particularly in persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Administration of IL-2 or IFN-γto tuberculosis patients enhance bacillary elimination. Cell-mediated immunity is the critical protective immune response in tuberculosis. Mycobacterial antigens are recognized by T cells and that elicit production of protective cytokines are potentially important vaccine antigens. The 30 kDa antigen is secreted in large quantities by growing mycobacteria. That antigen elicits greater proliferation in lymphocytes from healthy tuberculin reactors than healthy tuberculin nonreactors. In this study, the T lymphocyte proliferative responses to 30 kDa antigen from Mycobactrium tuberculosis H37Rv were examined by using tonsilar and peripheral blood lymphocytes from PPD(+) and PPD(-) tonsilectomized persons. When cultured with 30 kD antigen, tonsilar mononuclear leukocytes and T cells of PPD(+) demonstrated more ^3H-thymidine incorporation than PPD(-) persons (stimulation index was 2.5 and 1.9, 0.8 and 1.0, repectively). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peripheral blood T lymphocytes were shown the similar responses to this antigen. The combination of IL-2 and 30 kDa antigen elicited a significant proliferative responsiveness in tonsilar mononuclear leukocytes and T cells of PPD(+) persons (SI was 20 and 14.1). PBMC and peripheral blood T cells of PPD(+) persons were also shown a significant responsiveness, but PPD(-) persons did not show. These results demonstrate that the 30 kDa antigen and IL-2 have a synergistic stimulatory property in mycobacteria sensitizing lymphocytes.

위암세포에 의한 종양침윤 림프구의 면역반응 억제기전에 관한 연구

박정규,송규상,서광선,최정목,배진선,장일성,윤완희,노승무,조은경,백태현 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ('1°ILs) interact most closely with tumor cells and thus are more likely to reflect tumor host interactions accurately. But it is unknown whether such T cells are nonspecific inflammatory cells or a subset of specific host immune responses. In this study, there was no clear correlation between the infiltration of T lymphocytes in stomach cancer and the overexpression of c-ErbB-2 or increasing class I MHC expression on tumor cells. A positive correlation was seen between the presence of TILs in the tumor and tumors with diploidy by flow cytometric DNA analysis. The proliferative responses of Ills stimulated with IL-2, anti-CD3 mAb, or both were examined. When compared to normal mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphocytes, the proliferative response of TILs to high dose IL-2 was minimal. A similarly poor response to anti-CD3 mAb plus IL-2 was also observed. The freshly isolated TILs exhibit reduced ability to proliferate in response to IL-2, anti-CD3 mAb or both. The microenvironment of the tumor suppresses the proliferative capacity of the TILs. The mechanism of this suppression remains unknown. It could be mediated by suppressor cells, by soluble substances within the tumor, or both. To examine this question, supernatants of stomach cancer cells (SNSNU-1) were tested for the presence of immunosuppressive factors. Human peripheral blood T-cells and tumor-draining lymph node lymphocytes (TDLNL) were incubated for 3 days with SNSNU-1 and then assessed for proliferative responses to PMA, anti-CD28 mAb, or both and for the inducibility to express IFN- r or IL-4 mRNA to PMA. Peripheral blood T-cells pretreated with SNSNU-1 were unable to proliferate in response to PMA, anti-CD28 mAb or both. SNSNU-1 also produces inhibitory activities of TDLNL proliferative response to PMA or anti-CD28 mAb and PMA (49%, 52%, respectively). In contrast, culture supernatants obtained from HEp-2, K562 or Daudi showed normal proliferative responsiveness of peripheral blood T-cells and TDLNL by PMA, anti-CD28 mAb or both.

목련과 수종과 부위에 따른 견직물의 천연염색변이

박재인,연방희,최태호,이은경,임선희,김홍은,조남석,김태동 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2003 農業科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

In order to establish a dyeing method with Magnoliaceae tree species dyeing was examined with 4 different parts, leaf, stem bark, root, flower of 4 Magnohaceae species, Magnolia kobus Dc., Magnolia denudata Desr, Magnolia obovata Thunb, Liriodendron tulipifera L Mordants used were chemicals, AIK(SO_4)_2 24H_2O, Ca(OH)_2, FeSO_4 7H_2O. All four species showed similar coloring among four different parts. Leaves and petals showed dark yellow, stem bark, grayish yellow, root bark, dark red or yellow. Al mordant made more brighter colour than Fe mordant. Stem bark showed less difference in color by mordants, whereas petals did the biggest.

결핵균 30 kDa항원과 Interleukin-2 혹은 Anti-CD28의 병합이 건강인 말초혈액 림프구와 단핵구 증식에 미치는 영향

박정규,윤상호,조은경,김화중,백태현 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

Cell-mediated immunity is necessary for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T lymphocytes are thought to play a central role in cell-mediated immune response. And in vitro stimulation of leukocytes with mycobactria or their products induces synthesis and release of several cytokines, including IL-2. To study the T lymphocyte proliferative response to purified 30 kDa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, IL-2 or their combination, peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells isolated from healthy subjects were stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen, IL-2 or both. The proliferations of lymphocytes and molnonuclear cells to 30 kDa or 30/32 kDa antigen were significantly increased in PPD(+) group when compared to those in PPD(-) group. It is confirmed here that have shown synergy between 30 kDa antigen and IL-2(250U) in the induction of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells proliferation in PPD(+) group. The proliferative response reflects synergy between two separate activation stimuli. And macrophage-like cells existed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were shown to help the synergy of the proliferative response to mycobacterial antigen and IL-2. The proliferative responses of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells to 30 kDa antigen were more increased than those to 30/32 kDa antigen. So it was suggested that 30 kDa antigen was the more immunogenic antigen than 30/32 kDa antigen.

경남지역 강우량의 분포특성

박준일,함계운,김경훈,장영태 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

A rainfall distribution is very complicate owing to topographic influence in Korea. Hence, the variations in the distribution of monthly rainfall are required precise analysis in order to predict a flood control and to secure a sufficient capacity of water. In this study, time series of 32 rain gage stations over Gyeongnam area are examined for a 36-year secular period(1963-2000) and the extent and nature of changes, such as fluctuations, trend and persistence, are investigated. The trend analysis of regional rainfall practised a tendency towards annual rainfall and seasonal rainfall totals in all regions divided into two climatologically homogeneous regions by cluster analysis for annual rainfall series ; namely, Region Ⅰ(gyeongnam's inland area), Region Ⅱ(western mountain & southern coastal area), the periodicity is examined by the power spectrum analysis.

GIS를 위한 홍수유출해석에 관한 연구

박준일,함계운,성오경,장영태,김경훈 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

In the rainfall-runoff simulation, it is crucial problem to extract the hydrologic topographical factors that are used as the model input parameters. Those factors are drawn out from DEM(Digit a1 Elevation Model) along with GIS(Geographic Information System) techniques represent a wide range of topographical informations. GIS is employed to estimate the parameters and examine application. Also, the results from different GIS data and analysis methods are examined. In the study, spatial data are calculated using WMS(Watershed Modeling System) v.6.1, which is hydrologic analysis software coupled with GIS, and flood analysis is accomplished by HEC-1 included in WMS, and applied to Dukchon River basin. To calculate the effective rainfall CN values of NRCS are used. Clark, Snyder and NRCS methods are selected to derive unit hydrograph respectively. In addition, the characteristics of runoff responses according to the selection of GIS spatial data for NRCS CN, TIN or Grid used to extract hydrologic topographical informations. and the number of partitioning sub-basin are investigated.