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요양병원과 병원에 입원한 노인의 의료비용의 현황과 문제점
정혜영,이지전,이상욱 關東大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2003 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.7 No.2
In this study, the problem and current condition of healthcare cost among elderly inpatients in general hospitals and long-term care hospitals were investigated. The cost and the items of healthcare among 577 elderly inpatients that were hospitalized in 3 long-term care hospitals and 2 general hospitals was examined by detailed bills for health insurance corporation and patients. Average length of stay was 118 days. Average healthcare cost per a day was 72,312 Won.57% of the benefit cost was covered by healthcare insurance and 43% was out of the pocket money. Among the health insurance beneficiaries, coverage rate was below 50%. The amount of 52% of out of the pocket money was spent on nursing care fee provided by unskilled caregivers. Among medical care beneficiaries excluding psychiatric patients, the ratio of medical care benefit cost out of the pocket money was about 32% of medical care benefit cost, and among psychiatric patients in medical care beneficiaries, out of the pocket money reached 71% of benefit cost.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)
김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1
In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.
Preparation of Phosphine-Amido Hafnium and Zirconium Complexes for Olefin Polymerization
Jun, Sung Hae,Park, Ji Hae,Lee, Chun Sun,Park, Seong Yeon,Go, Min Jeong,Lee, Junseong,Lee, Bun Yeoul American Chemical Society 2013 Organometallics Vol.32 No.24
<P>Aniline (<I>N</I>-R-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (2-R-C<SUB>9</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>NH) derivatives were ortho-lithiated via conversion of the respective −NH groups to −N(COOLi), followed by treatment with <I>t</I>BuLi. The resulting ortho-lithiated compounds were transformed to <I>ortho</I>-Ph<SUB>2</SUB>P-substituted derivatives on treatment with Ph<SUB>2</SUB>P(OPh). Further reaction of the resulting compounds with M(CH<SUB>2</SUB>Ph)<SUB>4</SUB> (M = Zr, Hf) afforded a series of Hf and Zr complexes: (2-R-8-Ph<SUB>2</SUB>PC<SUB>9</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>N)Hf(CH<SUB>2</SUB>Ph)<SUB>3</SUB> (<B>8</B>, R = H; <B>9</B>, R = Me; <B>10</B>, R = <I>i</I>Pr; <B>11</B>, R = <I>n</I>Bu), (N-R-2-Ph<SUB>2</SUB>PC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>N)Hf(CH<SUB>2</SUB>Ph)<SUB>3</SUB> (<B>12</B>, R = Me; <B>13</B>, R = Et; <B>14</B>, R = <I>i</I>Pr), (2-R-8-Ph<SUB>2</SUB>PC<SUB>9</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>N)Zr(CH<SUB>2</SUB>Ph)<SUB>3</SUB> (<B>15</B>, R = H; <B>16</B>, R = Me; <B>17</B>, R = <I>i</I>Pr; <B>18</B>, R = <I>n</I>Bu), and (N-R-2-Ph<SUB>2</SUB>PC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>N)Zr(CH<SUB>2</SUB>Ph)<SUB>3</SUB> (<B>19</B>, R = Me; <B>20</B>, R = Et)]. X-ray crystallographic studies of <B>9</B>, <B>14</B>, <B>16</B>, and <B>19</B> revealed a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal structure with two benzyl moieties in equatorial positions and the remaining benzyl ligand occupying an apical position; in solution, however, three benzyl ligands became scrambled, as evidenced by a single set of benzyl signals in the corresponding <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectra. The complexes showed comparable activities (17–48 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> g/mol-M·h) to the Ti-based constrained geometry catalyst (CGC) (36 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> g/mol-Ti·h) in ethylene/1-octene copolymerization, despite their inferior 1-octene incorporation capabilities (3–8 mol % versus 17 mol %). Compound <B>15</B> showed a moderate 1-octene incorporation capability (7.7 mol %), whereas the others showed low 1-octene incorporations (2–4 mol %). Compounds <B>9</B> and <B>16</B> provided high-molecular-weight polymers with <I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB> > 200 000 even at high reaction temperatures of 100–130 °C.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orgnd7/2013/orgnd7.2013.32.issue-24/om400899g/production/images/medium/om-2013-00899g_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/om400899g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A clinical and histopathological review of umbilical skin lesions in Korea
( Ji Yun Seo ),( Anna Kim ),( Kyung Muk Jeong ),( Yoo Sang Baek ),( Hae Jun Song ),( Jiehyun Jeon ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1
Background: The umbilicus is a special and prominent scar on the abdomen, which obliterates the portal through which the omphalomesenteric duct connected the primitive gut to the yolk sac. Umbilical skin lesions are rare but diverse, rarely diagnosed by biopsy. Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of umbilical skin lesions in Koreans. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who visited our institution for umbilical skin lesions from January 2008 to December 2019. Age, sex, clinical features, etiologies and histopathological features were obtained from patients’ medical records and photographs. Results: There were 42 cases of histologically confirmed umbilical masses. Among them, 31 patients were female(73.8%). The lesions included hypertrophic scars(11/42), epidermal cysts(7/42), verruca(6/42), seborrheic keratosis(5/42), nevus(4/42), steatocystoma(2/42), and one each case of endometriosis, hidrocystoma, neurofibroma, soft fibroma, foreign body granuloma, tick bite, eczema and heterotopic gastric mucosa. Conclusion: The most common umbilical skin lesions were hypertrophic scars followed by increased number of laparoscopic surgery. Compared to other previously reported studies, fewer umbilical biopsies have been done in relation with diagnosis of metastatic cancer in our study, which may be due to decreased incidence of advanced gastric cancer and the early detection of cancer through endoscopy and CT scan these days in Korea.
Transient elastography for measurement of liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis B and C
( Hae Rim Kim ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Hyun Jung Lee ),( Eileen Yoon ),( Sun Jae Lee ),( Sang Jun Suh,),( Seung Young Kim ),( Rok Son Choung ),( Sung Woo Jung ),( Ja Seol Koo ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Jong Eu 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.1
Identification of RAPD and AFLP Markers Linked to the Fruit Acidity Gene D in Peach (Prunus persica)
Ji Hae Jun,Kyeong Ho Chung,Sang Bouk Jeong,Hee Jae Lee 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.1
The fruit acidity is a very important characteristic to select promising seedlings in peach breeding programs. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to detect markers linked to D gene using F₁ seedlings of low acid ‘Yumyeong’ × low acid ‘Baekhyang’. One RAPD marker coupled to D allele, designated as UBC423₂₁??, was identified from 578 decamer primers examined. In addition, BSA with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of this progeny was performed to detect markers tightly linked to D gene. One AFLP marker, EAA/MCAC₃₃?, was identified through the 168 primer combinations tested. The co-segregation of two markers and D/d locus was verified in the 96 individuals of the F₁ progeny of ‘Yumyeong’ × ‘Baekhyang’. The markers UBC4232100 and EAA/MCAC₃₃? were found to be located at 22.1 and 1.1 cM, respectively, on the same side of the D/d locus. The tightly linked marker, EAA/MCAC₃₃?, was attempted to be converted to a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. However, this marker could not be converted to SCAR marker. Although polymorphic SCAR could not be developed in the present study, the AFLP marker EAA/MCAC₃₃? could be useful for discriminating seedlings with high fruit acidity from peach seedlings at early developmental stage of the trees.
Jun, Hee-Jin,Wen, Qingcheng,Lee, Ji-Hae,Jeun, Jung-Ae,Lee, Hwa-Jung,Lee, Kwang-Geun,Oh, Sea-Kwan,Lee, Sung-Joon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemisty 2012 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.55 No.2
Toxicity, antioxidant activity, and biological functionality of Korean black raspberry wine (KBRW) extracts on human ARPE-19 and HepG2 cells were determined using MTT and lipid/malonaldehyde (MA) assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as anti-obesity effect of KBRW extracts on various cancer cells. All samples inhibited MA formation by 38.0-88.0%. Bokbunja and Sanmaesu exerted greater inhibitory effect than other wines. Both cell lines were each treated with KBRW for 24 h, and viability was measured by MTT assay. No toxicity was found, even at 500 ${\mu}g/mL$. Changes in gene expression for CYP7A1, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, 3-hydrozy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, and vescular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. CYP7A1 and LDL receptor expressions in ARPE-19 cells were elevated, whereas HMG CoA reductase expression was decreased by Bokbunja and Sanmaesu. Expression of VEGF was decreased by Bokbunja but elevated by Sanmaesu. In HepG2 cells, gene expression was similar after Bokbunja and Sanmaesu treatments. CYP7A1 and HMG CoA expressions were elevated. LDL receptor expression was increased by Bokbunja but decreased by Sanmaesu. Bokbunja and Sanmaesu inhibited VEGF expression but elevated those of CYP7A1 and HMG CoA reductase. Bokbunja and Sanmaesu displayed anti-cholesterol effects that could be attributed to increased gene expression in CYP7A1 and HMG CoA reductase.
( Sang Woong Youn ),( Bo Ri Kim ),( Joo Heung Lee ),( Hae Jun Song ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Ji Ho Choi ),( Nack In Kim ),( Kwang Joong Kim ),( Jai Il Youn ) 대한피부과학회 2015 Annals of Dermatology Vol.27 No.3
Background: The development of therapies for psoriasis has led to the need for a new strategy to the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. New consensus guidelines for psoriasis treatment have been developed in some countries, some of which have introduced treatment goals to determine the timing of therapeutic regimens for psoriasis. Objective: To investigate the opinions held by Korean dermatologists who specialize in psoriasis about treatment goals, and to compare these with the European consensus. Methods: Korean dermatologists who specialize in psoriasis were asked 11 questions about defining the treatment goals for psoriasis. The questionnaire included questions about the factors used to classify the severity of psoriasis, defining the induction and maintenance phases of psoriasis treatment, defining treatment responses during the induction phase, and defining treatment responses during the maintenance phase. Results: The Korean consensus showed responses that were almost similar to the European consensus, even without using the Delphi technique, which uses repeated rounds of questions to reach a consensus. Only one response that related to psoriasis severity in the context of the quality of patients` lives differed from the European consensus. Conclusion: The concept of using treatment goals in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis can be applied to Korean psoriasis patients. Since a tool for assessing the quality of patients` lives is not commonly used in Korea, the development of a simple, rapidly completed, and region-specific health-related quality of life assessment tool would enable treatment goals to be used in routine clinical practice. (Ann Dermatol 27(2) 184∼189, 2015)