Developing Science CBELT Materials for Korean Primary Discretionary Classes

Sunah Lee 한국초등영어교육학회 2006 초등영어교육 Vol.12 No.2

  This study has the purpose of developing sample science CBELT materials for use in Korean primary school discretionary classes. In order to obtain information about developing the materials, existing published materials (i.e. Korean primary school English and science textbooks and teachers" guides, and materials for teaching science through English published in Singapore and the USA) are examined. The main objectives of analysis of Korean primary school English and science materials are to get information concerning the goals, appropriate methods and contents for developing science CBELT materials. Moreover, the results of analysis of the materials for teaching science through English published in Singapore and the USA are used for selecting contents or designing tasks and activities for the science CBELT materials. Specifically, the tasks presented in the overseas" materials are analysed according to the criteria presented by Littlejohn (1998). The students" book developed in this paper constitutes six lessons, making up one of four sub-topics of the unit theme "animals" and teachers" guide is developed accordingly. Inevitably some obstacles, such as the limited English language proficiency of potential users of the materials and difficulties of vocabulary and grammar within the materials might arise; however, this study is expected to act as a useful guide for adapting CBELT in Korean primary schools.

Surface zwitterionization: Effective method for preventing oral bacterial biofilm formation on hydroxyapatite surfaces

Lee, Myoungjin,Kim, Heejin,Seo, Jiae,Kang, Minji,Kang, Sunah,Jang, Joomyung,Lee, Yan,Seo, Ji-Hun Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2018 Applied Surface Science Vol.427 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we conducted surface zwitterionization of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by immersing them in the zwitterionic polymer solutions to provide anti-bacterial properties to the HA surface. Three different monomers containing various zwitterionic groups, i.e., phosphorylcholine (PC), sulfobetaine (SB), and carboxybetaine (CB), were copolymerized with the methacrylic monomer containing a Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding moiety, using the free radical polymerization method. As a control, functionalization of the copolymer containing the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding moiety was synthesized using a hydroxy group. The stable immobilization of the zwitterionic functional groups was confirmed by water contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement conducted after the sonication process. The zwitterionized HA surface showed significantly decreased protein adsorption, whereas the hydroxyl group-coated HA surface showed limited efficacy. The anti-bacterial adhesion property was confirmed by conducting <I>Streptococcus mutans</I> (<I>S. mutans</I>) adhesion tests for 6h and 24h. When furanone C-30, a representative anti-quorum sensing molecule for <I>S. mutans</I>, was used, only a small amount of bacteria adhered after 6h and the population did not increase after 24h. In contrast, zwitterionized HA surfaces showed almost no bacterial adhesion after 6h and the effect was retained for 24h, resulting in the lowest level of oral bacterial adhesion. These results confirm that surface zwitterionization is a promising method to effectively prevent oral bacterial adhesion on HA-based materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated with the three types of zwitterionic copolymers (1.0wt%) containing Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding moiety. </LI> <LI> The zwitterionized HA surfaces inhibited protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. </LI> <LI> The anti-bacterial effect of surface zwitterionization was even better than anti-quorum sensing molecules. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of Antimicrobials and Heat on Inactivation of Bacillus cereus Spores from Antimicrobial-applied Environment

Sunah Lee,Minseon Koo,Yohan Yoon 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2012 No.10

Effect of Fat Contents on Thermal Resistance, Antibiotic Sensitivity, and Caco-2 Cell Invasion of Listeria monocytogenes

Lee, Jinhee,Yoon, Hyunjoo,Lee, Sunah,Lee, Heeyoung,Yoon, Yohan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.4

This study evaluates the effects of fat contents on the thermal resistance, antibiotic sensitivity, and Caco-2 cell invasion of Listeria monocytogenes. Ten strain mixture of L. monocytogenes in milk (0, 1, and 4% fat) and pork sausage patties (10, 20, and 30% fat) were exposed to $63^{\circ}C$. To evaluate effects of fat on the antibiotic sensitivity of L. monocytogenes, the L. monocytogenes strains NCCP10811 (most antibiotic resistant to streptomycin) and NCCP10943 (most antibiotic sensitive to streptomycin) were exposed to different fat contents in milk and pork sausage patties, and L. monocytogenes from the foods were used for antibiotic sensitivity assays. The most invasive L. monocytogenes strains (NCCP10943) was exposed to different fat contents in milk or pork sausage patties, and L. monocytogenes from the foods were used for the Caco-2 cell invasion assays. The reductions of L. monocytogenes populations were not generally influenced by fat contents. The L. monocytogenes subjected to milk fat had increased sensitivities (p<0.05) due to some antibiotics. In addition, Caco-2 cell invasion efficiency of L. monocytogenes NCCP10943 increased (p<0.05) as fat contents increased. These results indicated that higher fat contents may be related to L. monocytogenes invasions and heat resistances in pork sausage patties, but the relationship between fat and antibiotic sensitivity varied according to antibiotics, strains, and fat contents.

뇌파를 이용한 학습자의 인지학습활동 분석

이선아 ( Sunah Lee ),변호승 ( Hoseung Byun ) 한국교육공학회 2021 교육공학연구 Vol.37 No.3

본 연구는 뇌파검사(EEG)를 활용하여 학습자의 학습활동 중 나타나는 인지과정의 특징을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 정신병력이나 학습능력에 대한 이상소견이 없는 중학교 3학년 학생 중에서 연구 참여를 희망하는 오른손잡이 학생 54명을 임의 표집하여 실험 검사를 실시하였다. 학생들은 기개발된 검사 문항에서 추출한 학습과제로 시각 및 청각 단기기억 학습, 작업기억 학습, 암기학습, 인출학습 활동을 하는 동안 뇌전도(EEG)를 측정하였고, 검사결과 수집된 자료는 뇌파 분석프로그램 및 SPSS 프로그램에서 기술통계, 대응표본 t 검정을 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 시각 단기기억 학습 중에 나타나는 활성뇌파의 특징은 전두-두정 네트워크이며, 청각 단기기억 학습 중에 나타나는 활성뇌파의 특징은 전두-두정-후두 네트워크인 것으로 나타났다. 시각 및 청각 단기기억, 작업기억, 암기학습 등의 기억 활동 시에는 전두엽에서의 감마파가 활성화되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 작업기억학습 중에는 시각 및 청각 단기기억과 암기학습 때와는 다르게 전두엽에서 감마파와 베타파가 동시에 활성화되는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인출학습 중에는 전전두엽과 전두엽에서 감마파와 베타파가 활성화되는 것으로 나타났다. 단기기억학습과 암기학습활동 중에는 전두엽에서의 감마파가 활성뇌파로 나타나는 반면 인출학습활동 중에는 작업기억과 같이 전두엽에서 감마파와 동시에 베타파가 활성뇌파로 나타나는 등 서로 다른 뇌파 특성의 차이를 보였다. 이와 같이 각각의 학습활동 중에 나타나는 활성뇌파의 위치에 따른 특징은 뇌기능 영상법에서 밝혀낸 두뇌 기능에 대한 위치와 많은 부분 일치하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 학습활동 중 나타나는 학습자의 활성뇌파의 특징은 학습자 인지학습에 대한 특성 파악을 할 수 있는 과학적이고 실증적인 방법을 제공한 점에서 큰 의의가 있다. 이에 본 연구를 바탕으로 한 학술적이고 실용적인 학교현장에서의 적용사례를 제언하였다. This study seeks to explore features of the cognitive process that emerge during learners’ learning activities by utilizing electroencephalogram(EEG). To this end, 54 right-handed students were selected at random and participated in experimental tests. The participants had no history of mental illness or learning disability. Students received EEG tests during short-term visual and auditory memory-learning, working-memory-learning, memorization and retrieval-learning activities adapted from pre-developed tests. The data collected were statistically processed by the EEG analysis program and SPSS program using paired t-tests. The main results of this work are as follows: First, the features of active brain waves during visual and auditory short-term memory learning are the frontal-parietal networks, and the features of active brain waves during auditory short-term memory learning are the frontal-parietal-lateral networks. Gamma waves in the frontal lobe were shown to be activated during memory activities such as short-term visualand auditory-memory, working-memory, and memorization learning. Second, gamma and beta waves were shown to be activated simultaneously in the frontal lobe, unlike in short-term visual and auditory memory and memorization learning. Third, gamma and beta waves were found to be active in the frontal pole and frontal lobes during retrieval learning. Gamma waves in the frontal lobe appeared to be active during short-term-memory and memorization learning activities, while beta waves appeared to be active in the frontal lobe at the same time as working memory. Therefore, the location of active brain waves during each learning activity was found to be in line with the location of brain functions identified in brain function imaging, and the characteristics of active brain waves during learning activities are significant in that they provide scientific and empirical methods to understand learners’ cognitive learning. Additionally, practical proposals were suggested to apply the results in academic and school settings.

가격할인에 대한 사고방식의 영향

이선아(Lee Sunah),김영조(Kim Yeung Jo) 한국상품학회 2017 商品學硏究 Vol.35 No.2

할인가격에 대한 계산 용이성에 따르면 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 어려운 경우보다 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 쉬운 경우에 정상가격과 할인가격의 차이를 더 크게 지각한다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 할인가격에 대한 계산 용이성 효과가 사고방식(구체적 사고방식 vs. 추상적 사고방식)에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 사실을 보여주고자 하였다. 구체적으로 사고방식과 할인가격에 대한 계산 용이성이 구매의도와 지각된 가격할인의 폭에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 제품에 대한 구매의도에 있어 구체적 사고방식 조건에서는 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 어려운 경우보다 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 쉬운 경우에 구매의도가 더 높았다. 하지만 추상적 사고방식 조건에서는 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 쉬운 경우와 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 어려운 경우에 대해 구매의도의 차이는 없었다. 또한 지각된 가격할인 폭에 있어 구체적 사고방식 조건에서는 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 어려운 경우보다 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 쉬운 경우에 가격할인에 대한 폭을 더 크게 지각하였다. 하지만 추상적 사고방식 조건에서는 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 쉬운 경우와 할인가격의 차이를 계산하기 어려운 경우에 대해 가격할인의 폭에는 차이가 없었다. 더불어 사고방식과 계산 용이성이 구매의도에 영향을 미치는데 있어 지각된 가격할인의 폭이 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 할인 가격에 대한 계산 용이성이 사고방식에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 사실을 보여주고 있다. According to prior research on ease of computation effect, computationally easier difference would be perceived to be larger than computationally difficult difference. However, the current research proposed that ease of computation effect would differ, depending on consumer s mind-set. Thus, the current research explored the role ofmind-set in ease of computation effect. The results showed that the moderating role of mind-set in ease of computation effect. For purchase intention, in the concrete mind-set condition, participants showed higher purchase intentions in computationally easier difference rather than in computationally difficult difference. However, in the abstract mind-set condition, there was no difference between computationally easier difference and computationally difficult difference. For the perceived magnitude of price difference, in the concrete mind-set condition, participants perceived larger magnitude of price difference in the computationally easier difference than in the computationally difficult difference. However, in the abstract mind-set condition, there was no difference between computationally easier difference and computationally difficult difference in the perceived magnitude of price difference. Thus, this research showed that the ease of computation effect would differ, depending on consumer smind-set.

재능재활을 통한 정규직 취업과 자폐 범주성 장애인의 삶에 대한 질적연구: 오티스타 디자이너와 부모의 경험과 인식을 중심으

이소현(Lee, SoHyun),윤선아(Yoon, Sunah),박혜성(Park, Hyesung),나지회(Na, Jihoi),이이림(Lee, Yirim) 한국자폐학회 2019 자폐성 장애연구 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 자신의 재능을 기반으로 정규직에 취업해서 근무하고 있는 자폐 범주성 장애인과 그 가족의 삶이 어떠한지 파악하기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위하여 재능 재활을 목표로 그림의 재능을 보이는 자폐 범주성 장애인을 디자이너로 양성하고 채용하는 기업 오티스타에 현재 정규직으로 근무하고 있는 자폐 범주성 장애인 디자이너와 그부모를 대상으로 이들의 경험과 인식을 알아보기 위한 면담을 실시하였다. 자폐 범주성 장애인 디자이너 10명 중 연구를 위한 의사소통이 가능한 6명과 어머니 10명을 연구 참여자로 하여 심층면담과 포커스그룹 면담을 각각 진행하였으며, 그 결과 다음과 같은 4 개의 대주제와 각 주제에 따른 총 13개의 하위주제가 도출되었다: (1) 취업 전 경험, (2) 오티스타 근무 경험, (3) 미래의 성장과 발전, (4) 자폐 범주성 장애 특성으로 인한 어려움 및 지원 요구. 도출된 주제를 통하여 자폐 범주성 장애인의 재능재활을 기반으로 한고용 확대, 직장 내 지속적인 지원 제공, 고용의 질적 성과 증진, 체계적인 지원 체계 수립을 중심으로 관련 시사점과 향후 제언을 논의하였다. This study was implemented to inquire into the permanent work experiences with talents rehabilitation and their impact on the life of individuals with autism spectrum disorders and their families. For the purpose of the study, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus group interviews of designers working at the company Autistar which recruits individuals with autism spectrum disorders based on their talents and their parents. Six out of 10 designers who were able to communicate sufficiently for the purpose of the study and 10 parents were participated. As the results of the qualitative analysis, four major themes and 13 sub-themes were emerged. Four major themes are the following: (1) past job-related experiences, (2) Autistar work experiences, (3) future growth and development, (4) difficulties and support needs based on characteristics of autism spectrum disorders. Based on the results of the study, implications and suggestions were discussed centering around expanding employment based on talents rehabilitation of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, providing continuing support in work site, increasing high-quality outcome of employment, and establishing a systematic supporting system.

NaCl Effect on Heat Resistance, Antibiotic Resistance, and Caco-2 Cell Invasion of Listeria monocytogenes

Jinhee Lee,Hyunjoo Yoon,Ahreum Park,Sunah Lee,Yohan Yoon 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2012 No.10

Mass spectrometric investigation of the role of the linking polypeptide chain in DNA polymerase I

Yeom, Taeho,Lee, Jungyoon,Lee, Seonghyun,Kang, Sunah,Kim, Kyung Rok,Han, Byungwoo,Lee, Hyun Soo,Jo, Kyubong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 The Analyst Vol.139 No.10

<P>DNA polymerase I offers great promise for a wide range of biotechnological applications due to its capability to add labeled nucleotides into double-stranded large DNA molecules by using both polymerase and nuclease domains. Accordingly, it is crucially important to thoroughly characterize this enzyme for further developments. Although the enzyme has been thus far characterized using mainly traditional analytical instruments, here we utilized an advanced and convenient means of mass spectrometry to elucidate enzymatic functions and mechanisms by measuring DNA oligomers generated by polymerase and nuclease reactions. Our analysis revealed several novel enzymatic features, including the observation that polymerase readily dissociates from the DNA molecules containing a wide single-stranded section. From this finding, we reasoned a serious situation of DNA break because polymerase domains cannot efficiently repair the wide single-stranded section, which is susceptible to DNA breaks. Furthermore, we deduced a plausible explanation for a paradoxical question as to why two domains of polymerase and 5′-nuclease are linked by a small and flexible polypeptide in polymerase I. The polypeptide link seems to prevent a 5′-nuclease from causing DNA breaks by locating a polymerase domain closely for immediate repair reaction. Here we present experimental evidence to prove our hypothesis <I>via</I> a set of mass spectrometric analyses as well as single DNA molecule observation and bacterial cell growth assay. Consequently, mass spectrometric analysis for DNA polymerase I provides a meaningful biological insight that a polypeptide link can be a molecular leash to control an aggressive domain in order to prevent unmanageable damages.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>MALDI-TOF analysis elucidates the functions of two domains in pol I. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4an00107a'> </P>

Modeling To Predict Growth/No Growth Boundaries and Kinetic Behavior of Salmonella on Cutting Board Surfaces

YOON, HYUNJOO,LEE, JOO-YEON,SUK, HEE-JIN,LEE, SUNAH,LEE, HEEYOUNG,LEE, SOOMIN,YOON, YOHAN International Association for Food Protection 2012 Journal of food protection Vol.75 No.12

<P>This study developed models to predict the growth probabilities and kinetic behavior of Salmonella enterica strains on cutting boards. Polyethylene coupons (3 by 5 cm) were rubbed with pork belly, and pork purge was then sprayed on the coupon surface, followed by inoculation of a five-strain Salmonella mixture onto the surface of the coupons. These coupons were stored at 13 to 35°C for 12 h, and total bacterial and Salmonella cell counts were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar, respectively, every 2 h, which produced 56 combinations. The combinations that had growth of ≥0.5 log CFU/cm2 of Salmonella bacteria recovered on XLD agar were given the value 1 (growth), and the combinations that had growth of &lt;0.5 log CFU/cm2 were assigned the value 0 (no growth). These growth response data from XLD agar were analyzed by logistic regression for producing growth/no growth interfaces of Salmonella bacteria. In addition, a linear model was fitted to the Salmonella cell counts to calculate the growth rate (log CFU per square centimeter per hour) and initial cell count (log CFU per square centimeter), following secondary modeling with the square root model. All of the models developed were validated with observed data, which were not used for model development. Growth of total bacteria and Salmonella cells was observed at 28, 30, 33, and 35°C, but there was no growth detected below 20°C within the time frame investigated. Moreover, various indices indicated that the performance of the developed models was acceptable. The results suggest that the models developed in this study may be useful in predicting the growth/no growth interface and kinetic behavior of Salmonella bacteria on polyethylene cutting boards.</P>