저해음의 비음화 : 음운론 및 음성학적 접근 Its Phonology and Phonetics

안현기,권순석,김기열 대한언어학회 2000 언어학 Vol.8 No.1

Ahn, Hyunkee, Soon-Suk Kwon, and Ki-Yeol Kim. 2000. Obstruent Nasalization: Its Phonology and Phonetics. Linguistics 8-1, 27-38. This paper discusses a Korean phonological rule, Obstruent Nasalization--i.e., an obstruent is phonologically nasalized when followed by a nasal. As is well known, this rule is productively prevalent in Korean, but not in English. Within the Optimality Theoretic framework, the difference in this phonological pattern between the two languages is well captured by means of adjusting the dominance relationship between two constraints (markedness and faithfulness constraints). This constraint-based explanation, however, doesn't suffice our question of why the phenomenon is phonetically natural in Korean, but cross-linguistically rare. To this question, we will provide one possible answer by suggesting that the markedness constraint is phonetically oriented due to a phonetic constraint on laryngeal feature juxtapositions. (Kyung Hee University)

지역사회중심 직업재활서비스 발전방안에 관한 연구

안순기,나운환 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2005 再活科學硏究 Vol.23 No.2

The present study is about the development of community‐based vocational rehabilitation service, reviewing relevant literature and previous researches and surveying 13 welfare centers for the disabled with vocational rehabilitation center and another 13 without. The objectives of this research are as follows. First, this study investigates the current state of local vocational rehabilitation service. Second, this study identifies variables affecting the performance of community‐based vocational rehabilitation service and differences according to the variables. Third, based on the findings above, this study makes suggestions for the development of community‐based vocational rehabilitation service at welfare centers for the persons with disabilities. Data collected in this research were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t‐test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and regression analysis using Korean version SPSS 10.0 and the results are as follows. First, as for the current state of vocational rehabilitation service, large variations among welfare centers were observed in vocational counseling, vocational evaluation, employment service and post management, but the performance of vocational training was not much different among welfare centers. Services highly correlated with employment were vocational evaluation and vocational counseling, and services in significant correlation with supported employment were vocational counseling, vocational adjustment training and vocational evaluation. Second, variables affecting the performance of vocational rehabilitation service are as follows. vocational counseling service was significantly affected by the number of workers, and vocational evaluation service by the size of community, location and the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation. Employment service was significantly affected by the existence of vocational rehabilitation center, the size of community and location, and the number of people employed by the existence of vocational rehabilitation center, the period of operation and the size of community. The execution of supported employment was significantly affected by the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation, and the performance of supported employment by the existence of vocational rehabilitation center, the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation and the size of community. Post management was significantly affected by the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation. The results of analyzing differences according to influential variables are as follows. According to the existence of vocational rehabilitation center, welfare centers with vocational rehabilitation center showed higher performance than those without in vocational counseling, vocational evaluation, the number of vocational trainees, employment service, the number of people employed, supported employment service, the number of people employed through supported employment service and post management. According to the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation, welfare centers with a large number of workers showed higher performance in vocational counseling, the number of vocational trainees, supported employment service, the number of people employed through supported employment service and post management. Based on the results of this study presented about, suggestions were made as follows for the development of community‐based vocational rehabilitation service. First, because vocational rehabilitation service varies according to the existence of vocational rehabilitation center and the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation centers should be installed in all welfare centers for the development of community based vocational rehabilitation service. Second, it is necessary to reinforce cooperation with the community and support projects. In this study, location, the size of community, the number of workers in charge of vocational rehabilitation appeared to affect the performance of vocational rehabilitation service. suggests that vocational rehabilitation service is being executed differently among communities. Third, manuals on the services of welfare centers for the disabled vocational rehabilitation need to reflect vocational rehabilitation programs adequately. 본 연구는 지역사회중심 직업재활서비스 발전방안에 관한 연구로서, 장애인복지관 직업재활사업을 중심으로 직업재활센터 설치운영 장애인복지관 13개소와 직업재활센터 미설치 운영 장애인복지관 13개소이다. 다음과 같은 구체적인 목적을 설정하고자 한다. 첫째, 지역중심 직업재활서비스의 운영실태를 알아본다. 둘째, 지역사회중심 직업재활서비스 성과에 미치는 영향변수와 변수별 차이를 알아본다. 셋째, 상기의 결과를 토대로 장애인복지관에서의 지역사회중심 직업재활서비스의 발전방향을 제안하고자 한다. 상기 연구 목적에 따른 연구 결과를 분석하여 지역중심 직업재활 서비스 발전방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직업재활서비스는 직업재활센터 설치 유․무, 직업재활 담당직원수에 따라 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타난 바 지역사회중심 직업재활서비스가 발전되기 위해서는 직업재활센터가 전 복지관으로 확대 설치되어야 한다. 둘째, 지역연계나 지원사업을 확대할 필요가 있다. 지역, 소재지 규모, 직업재활 담당직원 수 등이 직업재활서비스에 영향을 주는 요인이 되는 것은 직업재활서비스가 고루 실시되지 않은 이유도 있다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위해서는 네트워크 형성을 통한 연계방안이나 별도의 지원사업이 마련되어야 한다. 셋째, 장애인복지관 직업재활사업안내 매뉴얼이 직업재활과정을 균형있게 반영할 수 있도록 변화가 필요하다.

석유화학공업 종사자의 유전독성 위험성 평가

안기원,박정선,서순팔,문재동,조진형 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

In order to evaluate the genotoxic hazard among workers potentially exposed to low level petrochemical substances, the analyses of micronuclei(MN) and sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) in lymphocytes were performed in 46 male workers(as exposed group) and 46 nonexposed subjects(as control group). Mean frequencies of MN and SCEs(respectively, 12.9/1000 cells and 6.5/cell) in exposed group were very significantly higher than those(10.2/1000 cells and 5.4/cell) in control group. And there were also significant differences in mean frequencies of MN and SCEs adjusted for age, employment duration, smoking, and drinking between two groups. Median frequencies of MN and SCEs in exposed group were very significantly higher than those in control group. Frequencies of SCEs were higher in smokers than in non-smoker. Frequencies of MN in smokers, however, were similiar to those of non-smoker. Interaction between exposure and smoking on MN and SCEs induction was not observed. The results suggest that there is genotoxic hazard in high risk group like workers handling carcinogens in petrochemical plants and the analyses of MN and SCEs are useful biomarkers for the exposure to hazard substances even at the level below the exposure limit.

이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식에서 이소시아네이트 원인 점유율

안연순,고동희,문기태 大韓産業醫學會 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Objectives: Isocyanate-induced asthma is the most prevalent occupational asthma in Korea. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the etiologic fraction of isocyanate-related asthma in isocyanate- exposed (EFe) workers and to measure the magnitude of preventable occupational asthma. Methods: Asthma admissions from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed in a cohort containing 10,861 iso-cyanate-exposed workers and 324,618 isocyanate non-exposed workers who underwent the specialized health examination from January, 2000 to December, 2004. The cohorts of Isocyanate and noise-exposed workers were established using the same data base of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Asthma admissions were investigated by matching the National Health Insurance Claim Data (NHICD). The standardized rate ratio (SRR) of admission was estimated by Poisson regression method to allow unbiased comparisons across exposure and other variables such as age and sex. The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed (EFe) workers was calculated using this formula (Efe=SRR-1/SRR). Results: Twenty-eight asthma admissions among the isocyanate-exposed workers and 321 non-exposed workers were observed during 2000∼2005. The crude admission rate was 57.2 per 100,000 person-years for the isocyanate-exposed workers and 25.0 for the noise-exposed workers, Compared to the noise-exposed workers, the isocyante-exposed workers had significantly higher asthma admission (SRR=2.80 95%CI=1.89∼4.14). The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed (EFe) workers was 64%. Conclusions: This study was limited by the restriction to admission cases and the short follow-up periods. Any difference of admission accessibility between the isocyanate-exposed and non-exposed workers will lead to either over- or under-estimation of the biased etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed workers. The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed workers was 64% indicated that 64% of the asthma cases occurred in the isocyanate-exposed workers are preventable through occupational health management. 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 우리나라에서 가장 중요한 직업성천식원인물질인 이소시아네이트에 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 이들 근로자의 천식 중 이소시아네이트의 원인 점유율을 산출하는 것이다. 방법: 2000년부터 2004년까지 이소시아네이트 및 소음 특수건강진단을 받은 근로자의 전산자료를 한국산업안전공단으로부터 수집하였다(한국산업안전공단에 2000년부터 특수건강진단을 받은 근로자의 자료가 전산화되어 있음) 이들 근로자에 대하여 2000년부터 2005년까지 6년간 천식으로 입원한 근로자의 자료를 건강보험심사평가원으로부터 조회하였다. 이소시아네이트와 소음 특수건강진단 수진자에 대하여 관찰인년을 계산하고 조입원률을 계산하였다. 소음 특수건강진단 근로자를 비교집단으로 하여 포아송 회귀분석 로그- 선형 상대 위험률 모형을 적용하여 이소시아네이트 특수건강진단 수전자의 입원의 표준화비율비를 산출하고 이를 이용하여 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식 중 이소시아네이트의 원인점유율을 산출하였다. 결과: 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 조입원률은 10만 관찰인년당 57.2명(남성 50.4명,여성 113.0명),소음은 25.0명(남성 22.7명,여성 31.6명)으로 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식 조입원률이 2.3배 높았고,여성의 경우 3.6배 높았다. 소음 노출 근로자에 대한 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 천식의 표준화비율비는 2.80(95% 신뢰구간 1. 89∼4.14)으로 소음 노출근로자에 비하여 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 입원이 180% 많았다. 이소시아네이트의 원인점유율은 64%(95% 신뢰구간 47∼76%)로 이소시아네트 노출 근로자에서 입원한 천식의 64%는 이소시아네이트에 의한 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 이 연구에서 이용한 자료는 천식 입원자료로 유병자료라는 제한점이 있다. 그러나 이 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 특정 물질 노출군(특히 우리나라 직업성천식의 가장 흔한 천식 유발물질인 이소시아네이트 노출군)을 대상으로 천식 중 직업(노출)의 원인점유율을 측정한 것은 의의가 있다. 이 연구에서 이소시아네이트 노출군의 천식 중 노출 회피 등을 통하여 예방 가능한 부분이 64%이고, MDI 노출군의 천식의 상대위험도와 원인점유율이 TDI 보다 높다는 사실은 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자 산업보건관리에 매우 중요한 의미가 있다고 판단된다. 향후 이 연구결과를 이소시아네이트 노출 근로자의 직업성천식 예방 및 산재 보상정책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

안면비대칭 진단을 위한 하악골 3차원영상 계측기준치에 관한 연구

안정순,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.2

기존의 2차원적 진단자료는 상의 확대 및 왜곡으로 인해 형태나 크기의 정량적 평가시부적절한 결과를 야기할 수 있어 안면비대칭의 정확한 진단과 치료계획 수립을 위해서는 3차원영상 진단의 도입이 필요하다. 본 연구는 안면비대칭 진단시 3차원적 분석에 도움이 되는 기준자료를 얻고자 정상교합자를 대상으로 하악골 3차원영상 계측항목의 평균값과 좌우차이의 정상범주를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 뚜렷한 안면비대칭을 보이지 않는 성인 정상교합자 남녀 30명씩 총60명을 대상으로 두경부 전단화단층사진을 촬영한 후 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용한 각각의 단면 촬영영상 정보를 이용하여 3차원 입체영상을 재구성한 다음, 하약골 비대칭시 좌우차이를 보일 수있는 계층항목 ramus length를 나타내는 6개 condyla neck length를 나타내는 1개, mandibular body length를 나타내는 8개 등 15개의 거리 계층항목과 gonial angle을 나타내는 4개, frontal ramal inclination을 나타내는 2개, lateral ramal inclination을 나타내는 2개 등 8개의 각도계층항목. 총 23개의 계층항목을 설정한 후, 좌측과 우측을 구분하여 컴퓨터 상에서 3차원계측치를 구하고 좌우차이값을 산출하였다. 본 연구결과 얻어진 정상교합자의 하악골 3차원영상 계층항목의 좌우차이값은 안면비대칭 환자의 진단 기준치로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. For an accurate dlagnosis and treatment planning of facial asymmetry, the use of 3-dimensional(3-D) image is indispensable. The purpose of this study was to get standard data for the 3-D analysis of facial asymmetry.Computerized tomography(CT) was taken in the 60 normal occlusion individuals (30 male, 30 female) who did not have any apparent facial asymmetry. The acquired 2D CT DICOM data were input on a computer, and the reformatted 3-D images were created using a 3-Dimage software. Twenty three measurements were established in order to evaluate asymmetry:15linear measurements (6 for ramus length, 1 for condylar neck length, and 8 for mandibular body length) and 8 angular measurements (4 for gonial angle, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination). The right and left difference of each measurement was calculated and analyzed. Itis suggested that the right and left differences of the measurements obtained from the study could be used as references for the diagnosis of facial asymmetric patients.

흉강경을 이용한 폐생검으로 확진된 철폐증

권순하,김양기,이영목,장안수,김기업,고은석,어수택 순천향의학연구소 2010 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.16 No.1

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客體 指向 데이타베이스에서 質疑 變換을 爲한 質疑 모델

金淇龍,安仁淳,李相文 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

With the expanding use of DBMSs and the rapid of change in Computer technology, Particularly OODBMS(Object-Oriented Databases Management Systems), there is an increasing need for the ability to translate from OO-Query language to Relational Query Language. Recent work in OODBs has shown that is possible to translate queries. This work involved introducing the methodology for schema and query transformation. Especially, I have emphasized the O-O method transformation.

조갑진균증의 치료에서 터비나핀과 이트라코나졸의 이중맹검 비교연구 : 공동연구

김기홍,최종수,송준영,김상원,김수찬,안성구,성열오,서순봉 대한화학요법학회 1995 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.13 No.2

저자들은 새로 개발된 alyllamine계 항진균제인 터비나핀의 발톱의 조갑백서에서 치료 효과, 내약성 및 부작용 등을 평가하기 위해 triazole계의 이트라코나졸과 이중 맹검으로 비교 조사하였다. 치료방법은 터비나핀은 250㎎/days로 12주간, 이트라코나졸은 100㎎/day로 124주간 복용하고 양군 모두 치료 시작 후 36주까지 추적 관찰하였다. 조사방법은 조갑진균증 환자에 대해 치료에 대해 설명후 동의서를 받고 장기간 치료가 부적합한 경우를 제외한 149명(터비나핀군 74명, 이트라코나졸군 75명)이 치료를 받았으며 이중 25명이 탈락하고 13명이 부작용등으로 치료를 중지하여 111명(터비나핀군 51명, 이트라코나볼군 60명)이 치료를 완료하였다. 1. 임상적인 소견은 점진적으로 호전되었으며, 치료 시작후 36주에는 병변조갑의 감소 비율로 볼때 터비나핀군은 51명중 완전치료가 24(47.0%), 76%이상 호전이 18명(35.3%), 51%~75% 호전이 6명(11.8%), 26~50% 호전이 2명 (3.9%), 25% 이하의 호전을 보인 예는 1명(2.0%)였다. 이트라코나졸군은 60명중 완전치료가 27(45.0%), 76% 이상 호전이 14명(23.3%), 51%~75%호전이 9명(15.0%), 26~50% 호전이 2명(3.9%), 25% 이하의 호전을 보인 예는 1명(2.0%)였다. 이트라코나졸군은 60명중 완전치료가 27(45.0%), 76% 이상 호전이 14명(23.3%), 51%~75%호전이 9명(15.0%), 26~50% 호전이 7명 (11.7%), 25% 이하의 호전을 보인예는 3(5%)였다. 2. KOH도말 검사에서 음성 소견을 보인 비율은 터비나핀은 24주 후 50예(98.0%)였으며, 36주후에는 모두 음성을 나타내었고, 이트라코나졸은 치료 24주 후 51예(85.0%)였고, 36주후에는 59예(98.3%)에서 음성을 나타내었다. 진균배양 검사에서는 치료 12주 후에 터비나핀군은 51예중 44예에서 (86.3%), 이트라코나졸군은 60예중 52예에서 각각 음성이었으며(86.7%), 치료 36주 후에는 양군 모두에서 음성이었다. 3. 내약성은 양군 모두 시간이 지나면서 증가하였으며, 터비나핀은 moderate이상이 98~·00%였고, 이트라코나졸은 moderate이상이 96.7~100%였다. 4. 부작용은 위장관 증상이 가장 많았고 터비나핀은 23명, 이트라코나졸은 37명이었고, 2명, 3명에서 각각 일시적인 간효소치의 상승이 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 조갑진균증의 치료에 터비나핀 1일 250㎎씩 12주간의 경구투여는 치료율, 안정성 및 부작용에서, 추천할 만한 치료법이라 생각된다. In this randomized double-blind trial on multicenter study, the efficacy of the new antifungal agent, terbinafine(Lamlsil) was compared with the triazole antifungal agent, itraconazole, in the treatment of patients with onychomychosis. One hundred and forty nine patients(74 terbinafine, 75 itraconazole) with onychomlychosis were enrolled. Twenty five patients were lost to follow up and 13 reported adverse reaction with premature discontinuation of therapy. And 111 patients were eligible for follow-up until 36 weeks after starting the treatment. Fifty one patients received Lamisil(terbinafine) 250mg daily for twelve weeks (terbinafine group) and 50 received itraconazole 100mg daily for 24 weeks (itraconazole group). They were checked clinical symptoms(onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis, paronychyal inflammation, color change, brittleness, ridging, normal length of nails) and mycological improvement with KOH wet mount and culture during the study. Clinical improvements were slow but progressive. In terbinafine group of 5t patients, 24 patients(47.0%) were completely cleared and 18 patients(35.3%) were improved more than 76%, and 6 patients(11.8%) were improved in 53-75%. In itraconazole group of 60 patients, 27 patients(45.0% ) were completely cleared and 14 patients(23-3%) were improved more than 76%, and 9 patients(150%) were improved in 51-75% . In mycologic study, cure rate of the terbinafine group showed all negative at 36 week after the treatment while ittraconazole group showed all negative in culture but negative KOH in 98.3%. Adverse reactions and tolerability of both the drugs were good and net different significantly. All these findings suggest that the efficacy of Lamisil(terbinafine) 250mg daily for 12 weeks in the treatment of onychomycosis was similar to that of itraconazole 100mg daily for 24 weeks.

STS316L 모재 및 용착부의 열처리에 따른 초음파 특성

남기우,박소순,안석환 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.3

The degradation characteristics of the base metal and weld of STS316L were investigated by the experimental method of ultrasonic exposure with parameters such as ultrasonic velocity, attenuation factor and frequency. Through this research, degradation characteristics could be evaluated by the combinations of experimental ultrasonic parameters. According to the increase of grain sizes, standard deviation and ferrite contents, the ultrasonic velocities and frequencies were decreased, while the ultrasonic attenuation factors were increased. This results can be to predict the welded structures life time assesmant according to the aged degradation and damage without disjointing or stopping in-service.

유도 지도자의 리더십 유형이 팀 성과에 미치는 영향

이기철,이봉건,안철순 부산 외국어 대학교 2001 外大論叢 Vol.23 No.1

With high school judo athletes as subjects, this study aims to reveal the relations between leadership types they favor and those they actually perceive. This analysis of the degrees of discrepancy and satisfaction felt by the athletes led to the following conclusions: 1.Leadership score according to sexes: 1) Autocratic behavior was the highest and affirmative feedback was the lowest in male teams. 2) Social support was the greatest and instructions appeared the lowest in female teams. 2.Leadership score in male teams according to team levels: 1) In superior teams, the highest and the lowest were social support and instructions respectively. 2) In inferior teams, autocratic and democratic behavior scored the highest and the lowest marks respectively. 3.Leadership score in female teams according to team levels: 1) In high-achievement teams, the highest and the lowest were social support and positive feedback respectively. 2) In low-achievement teams, autocratic behavior and instructions scored the highest and the lowest marks respectively. 4.Leadership discrepancy and athletes' satisfaction according to sexes: 1) The male group with lower discrepancy in instractions (p<0.01) and democratic behavior (p<0.001) showed greater satisfaction. 2) The female group with lower disagreement in autocratic behavior(p<0.01) indicated higher degrees of satisfaction. 5.Leadership behavior types and athletes' satisfaction degrees according to sexes and team levels: 1) In male teams, the excellent group in instructions and democratic behavior (p<0.01) revealed more satisfaction. 2) In female teams, the outstanding group in instructions (p<0.001), democratic behavior, and autocratic behavior (p<0.01) tuned out to be more satisfied.